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Endemic Birds Of Indonesia
Indonesia has more endemic birds than any other country. Indonesia's size, tropical climate, and archipelagic geography, support the world's second highest level of biodiversity (after Brazil). Most endemic birds are in the Wallacea region of eastern Indonesia. Sulawesi supports twelve endemic bird genera. Of all Indonesian endemic birds, about sixty-one species are threatened: thirty-seven species are listed as vulnerable, twenty-three are endangered and eleven species are listed as critical on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Conservation status Craciformes Megapodiidae * ''Aepypodius bruijnii'' (Bruijn's brush-turkey) - EN * ''Talegalla cuvieri'' ( red-billed brush-turkey) - LC * ''Macrocephalon maleo'' (maleo) - EN * ''Eulipoa wallacei'' (Moluccan scrubfowl) - VU * ''Megapodius bernsteinii'' ( Sula scrubfowl) - NT * ''Megapodius tenimberensis'' ( Tanimbar scrubfowl) - NE * ''Megapodius geelvinkianus'' (Biak scrubfowl) - VU Galliformes Phasianidae * ''Anurophasis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Endemism In Birds
Endemism is the state of a species being found in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also found elsewhere. For example, the Cape sugarbird is found exclusively in southwestern South Africa and is therefore said to be ''endemic'' to that particular part of the world. An endemic species can be also be referred to as an ''endemism'' or in scientific literature as an ''endemite''. For example '' Cytisus aeolicus'' is an endemite of the Italian flora. '' Adzharia renschi'' was once believed to be an endemite of the Caucasus, but it was later discovered to be a non-indigenous species from South America belonging to a different genus. The extreme opposite of an endemic species is one with a cosmopolitan distribution, having a global or widespread range. A rare alternative term for a species that is endemic is "precinctive", which applies to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Biak Scrubfowl
The Biak scrubfowl or Biak megapode (''Megapodius geelvinkianus'') is a species of bird in the family Megapodiidae. It is found only on the islands of Biak, Mios Korwar, Numfor, Manim and Mios Num in the West Papua region of Indonesia. Description This bird measures long. Its plumage is largely dark grey. It has a slight crest and a reddish or bluish face. Legs are red or dark grey. Habitat Its natural habitats are subtropical or tropical moist lowland forest and subtropical or tropical moist shrubland. It is threatened by habitat loss. Some taxonomists consider this to be a subspecies of the dusky megapode, others as a subspecies of the orange-footed scrubfowl The orange-footed scrubfowl (''Megapodius reinwardt''), also known as orange-footed megapode or just scrubfowl is a small megapode of the family Megapodiidae. This species comprises five subspecies found on many islands in the Lesser Sunda Islan ..., but is increasingly looked at as a distinct species. Refere ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spotted Kestrel
The spotted kestrel (''Falco moluccensis'') is also known as the Moluccan kestrel. Distribution and habitat Spread through Wallacea and Java, the spotted kestrel inhabits grasslands with scattered trees, lightly wooded cultivation, and the edges of primary and tall secondary forest. Along logging roads, it occasionally penetrates forests, and sometimes inhabits clearings within forested areas. It has also been known to live in areas of human habitation. Behavior The spotted kestrel displays similar habits to that of the common kestrel. Diet The spotted kestrel feeds primarily on small mammals, birds, mostly waterfowl and doves, lizards, and insects. Nesting Displaying similar nesting habits to other kestrels, the spotted kestrel can be found occupying man-made structures, abandoned nests, and cliff sides. In Indonesia, nests were found in a variety of locations, including the peaked roofs of traditional houses or in the crowns of palm trees. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Falconidae
The falcons and caracaras are around 60 species of diurnal birds of prey that make up the family Falconidae (representing all extant species in the order Falconiformes). The family is divided into three subfamilies, Herpetotherinae, which includes the laughing falcon and forest falcons, Polyborinae, which includes the caracaras, '' Spiziapteryx'' and Falconinae, the falcons and kestrels (''Falco'') and falconets (''Microhierax''). Description Falcons and caracaras are small to medium-sized birds of prey, ranging in size from the black-thighed falconet, which can weigh as little as , to the gyrfalcon, which can weigh as much as . They have strongly hooked bills, sharply curved talons and excellent eyesight. The plumage is usually composed of browns, whites, chestnut, black and grey, often with barring of patterning. There is little difference in the plumage of males and females, although a few species have some sexual dimorphism in boldness of plumage. Distribution and habit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Falconiformes
The order Falconiformes () is represented by the extant family Falconidae (falcons and caracaras) and a handful of enigmatic Paleogene species. Traditionally, the other bird of prey families Cathartidae (New World vultures and condors), Sagittariidae (secretarybird), Pandionidae (ospreys), Accipitridae (hawks) were classified in Falconiformes. A variety of comparative genome analysis published since 2008, however, found that falcons are part of a clade of birds called Australaves, which also includes seriemas, parrots and passerines. Within Australaves falcons are more closely related to the parrot-passerine clade (Psittacopasserae), which together they form the clade Eufalconimorphae. The hawks and vultures occupy a basal branch in the clade Afroaves in their own clade Accipitrimorphae, closer to owls and woodpeckers. See below cladogram of Telluraves relationships based on Braun & Kimball (2021): The fossil record of Falconiformes ''sensu stricto'' is poorly documented. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bronze-tailed Peacock-pheasant
The bronze-tailed peacock-pheasant (''Polyplectron chalcurum'') is also known as the Sumatran peacock-pheasant. It is an Indonesian bird. Description The bronze-tailed peacock-pheasant is a small, up to 56 cm long, dark brown pheasant with dark grey legs, rather small head and long, narrow tail of sixteen feathers. The tail feathers are chestnut brown with metallic purplish bars near tips. Both sexes are similar. The male has longer tail, two spurs on legs and yellow iris while the unspurred female's is dark brown. Taxonomy and evolution The bronze-tailed peacock-pheasant belongs to the family Phasianidae and the genus ''Polyplectron'', which consists of seven peacock-pheasant species. There are two subspecies: * ''P. c. chalcurum'', described by Lesson in 1831, which is known as the southern bronze-tailed peacock-pheasant. * ''P. c. scutulatum'', described by Hoogerwerf in 1941, which is known as the northern bronze-tailed peacock-pheasant. mtDNA cytochrome ''b'' and D- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Salvadori's Pheasant
Salvadori's pheasant (''Lophura inornata'') is a landfowl bird of genus '' Lophura'', native to Indonesia. It is found in the mountain rainforests of Sumatra. Thus it is also known as the Sumatran pheasant. The Hoogerwerf's pheasant is usually thought to be a subspecies. This bird was first described in 1879 by the Italian ornithologist Tommaso Salvadori. The species name ''inornata'' means "without ornament". This species is classified as "near threatened" by the IUCN because of the reduction in its population size caused by the destruction of its habitat and hunting. Description The male and female Salvadori's pheasant are quite unlike each other in appearance, and in fact the male bird is very similar to the female crestless fireback (''Lophura erythrophthalma''). The male Salvadori's pheasant is in length and is plain black, with a bluish fringe to the feathers of body and neck. The tail is short and rounded. The beak is whitish-green and the iris orange-red. There is a y ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hoogerwerf's Pheasant
Hoogerwerf's pheasant (''Lophura inornata hoogerwerfi''), also known as the Aceh pheasant or Sumatran pheasant is a medium-sized, up to long, bird of the family Phasianidae. The name commemorates the Dutch ornithologist and taxidermist Andries Hoogerwerf. Description The male is a crestless bluish-black pheasant with bare red facial skin, short tail and grey legs. The female is a rufous brown bird with a dark bluish grey legs and short dark tail. Its appearance resembles, and it is usually considered as a subspecies of the Salvadori's pheasant. The female is different from the latter for having darker brown, lack of buff mottling and plainer plumage. Distribution and habitat An Indonesian endemic, this little-known pheasant inhabits to mid-mountain forests of Gunung Leuser National Park in Aceh province. Previously known only from two female specimens, it was recently discovered in a market in Medan, North Sumatra. References External links Red Data Book {{Taxonbar, from= ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Green Junglefowl
The green junglefowl (''Gallus varius''), also known as Javan junglefowl, forktail or green Javanese junglefowl, is the most distantly related and the first to diverge at least 4 million years ago among the four species of the junglefowl. Hybridization with domestic chicken has also been reported. Green junglefowl is a medium-sized (up to 75 cm long) bird in the pheasant Family (biology), family Phasianidae. Description The colouration of the green junglefowl is sexually dimorphic. The male's plumage is dark and blackish at a distance. A closer view reveals an iridescent mantle of gleaming scales reminiscent in colour and pattern to those seen in the ocellated turkey and green peafowl. Each scale is vivid blue at its base and moves through various shades of gold and bronzed green. Specialized plumes framing the throat of the male green junglefowl are highly light-reflective and appear violet at the proximal and sky blue at the distal edges. The lesser coverts of the wi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Red-billed Partridge
The red-billed partridge (''Arborophila rubrirostris'') is a bird species in the family Phasianidae. It is endemic to the Basiran highland forest in Sumatra, Indonesia. It is the only member of the genus ''Arborophila'' where the bill is completely red (others have either a yellow-tipped red bill or a black bill). References red-billed partridge Birds of Sumatra red-billed partridge The red-billed partridge (''Arborophila rubrirostris'') is a bird species in the family Phasianidae. It is endemic to the Basiran highland forest in Sumatra, Indonesia. It is the only member of the genus ''Arborophila ''Arborophila'' is ... Taxonomy articles created by Polbot {{Galliformes-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chestnut-bellied Partridge
The chestnut-bellied partridge (''Arborophila javanica'') also known as chestnut-bellied hill-partridge or Javan hill-partridge is a small, up to 28 cm long, partridge with a rufous crown and nape, red legs, grey breast, brown wings, red facial skin, and a black mask, throat and bill. It has a rufous belly with white on the middle. The sexes are similar. The young has a whitish face and a reddish brown bill. An Indonesian endemic, the chestnut-bellied partridge is distributed to hill and mountain forests of west and east Java. The female lays up to four eggs in a domed nest of long grasses, built by the male. A common species in its limited range, the chestnut-bellied partridge is evaluated as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. Taxonomy The chestnut-bellied partridge was formally described in 1789 by the German naturalist Johann Friedrich Gmelin in his revised and expanded edition of Carl Linnaeus's ''Systema Naturae''. He placed it with all the grous ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
White-faced Hill-partridge
The grey-breasted partridge (''Arborophila orientalis''), also known as the white-faced hill partridge, or Horsfield's hill partridge, is a bird species in the family Phasianidae. It is endemic to highland forest in the eastern salient of Java, Indonesia. Sightings have been mostly reported from frequently visited nature preserves such as Kawah Ijen in Banyuwangi. Measuring , this species is a stocky, short-legged bird. Its mostly grey plumage is barred on the lower back and tail. It has a black crown and nape, and conspicuous white forehead, cheeks and throat. Bare skin around the eyes is red. The bill is black and the legs are red. Some authorities include the Malayan, Roll's and Sumatran partridges as subspecies of the grey-breasted partridge. The grey-breasted partridge is threatened by habitat loss. References External links * * * * Image observations of Gray-breasted Partridgeon Inaturalist grey-breasted partridge Endemic birds of Java grey-breasted partri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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