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Elina Guimarães
Elina Guimarães (1904-1991) was a writer and feminist leader in Portugal during the middle of the 20th century. Early life Elina Júlia Chaves Pereira Guimarães was born on 8 August 1904 in Lisbon, the only daughter of Alice Pereira Guimarães and Vitorino Máximo de Carvalho Guimarães. Her father was in the Portuguese Army and also held important political positions during the First Portuguese Republic, including, briefly in 1925, the equivalent to prime minister. She thus grew up in an environment dominated by politics and from an early age she became interested in political action, especially in women's rights. After studying at home, like most of the girls of the upper bourgeoisie, and then at secondary schools, she enrolled at the Faculty of Law of the University of Lisbon, graduating in 1926. She never practiced law, although she did work at a children’s court. However, her knowledge of women's rights from the legal point of view was essential for her role of informi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lisbon
Lisbon (; pt, Lisboa ) is the capital and largest city of Portugal, with an estimated population of 544,851 within its administrative limits in an area of 100.05 km2. Grande Lisboa, Lisbon's urban area extends beyond the city's administrative limits with a population of around 2.7 million people, being the List of urban areas of the European Union, 11th-most populous urban area in the European Union.Demographia: World Urban Areas - demographia.com, 06.2021 About 3 million people live in the Lisbon metropolitan area, making it the third largest metropolitan area in the Iberian Peninsula, after Madrid and Barcelona. It represents approximately 27% of the country's population. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carnation Revolution
The Carnation Revolution ( pt, Revolução dos Cravos), also known as the 25 April ( pt, 25 de Abril, links=no), was a military coup by left-leaning military officers that overthrew the authoritarian Estado Novo regime on 25 April 1974 in Lisbon, producing major social, economic, territorial, demographic, and political changes in Portugal and its overseas colonies through the Processo Revolucionário Em Curso. It resulted in the Portuguese transition to democracy and the end of the Portuguese Colonial War. The revolution began as a coup organised by the Armed Forces Movement ( pt, Movimento das Forças Armadas, links=no, MFA), composed of military officers who opposed the regime, but it was soon coupled with an unanticipated, popular civil resistance campaign. Negotiations with African independence movements began, and by the end of 1974, Portuguese troops were withdrawn from Portuguese Guinea, which became a UN member state. This was followed in 1975 by the independence of C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Portuguese Women Writers
This is a list of women writers who were born in Portugal or whose writings are closely associated with that country. A * Isabel Alçada (born 1950), children's writer *Rita Almeida (born 1974), economist, non-fiction writer *Ana Luísa Amaral (born 1956), poet *Sophia de Mello Breyner Andresen (1919–2004), poet B *Maria Isabel Barreno (1939–2016) *Sara Beirão (1880–1974) *Agustina Bessa-Luís (1922–2019), novelist, theatre writer, essayist, children's writer, short story writer * Fiama Hasse Pais Brandão (1938–2007), poet, dramatist, translator, essayist * Lurdes Breda (born 1970), poet and children's writer C * Amélia dos Santos Costa Cardia (1855–1938) *Dulce Maria Cardoso (born 1964), novelist *Maria Amália Vaz de Carvalho (1847–1921) *Maria Judite de Carvalho (1921–1998), novelist, short story writer, poet, playwright *Públia Hortênsia de Castro (1548–1595), poet and humanist * Violante do Ceo (1601 or 1607–1693), poet * Francisca Clotilde (1862-19 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Portuguese Feminists
Portuguese may refer to: * anything of, from, or related to the country and nation of Portugal ** Portuguese cuisine, traditional foods ** Portuguese language, a Romance language *** Portuguese dialects, variants of the Portuguese language ** Portuguese man o' war, a dangerous marine cnidarian that resembles an 18th-century armed sailing ship ** Portuguese people, an ethnic group See also * * ''Sonnets from the Portuguese'' * "A Portuguesa", the national anthem of Portugal * Lusofonia * Lusitania Lusitania (; ) was an ancient Iberian Roman province located where modern Portugal (south of the Douro river) and a portion of western Spain (the present Extremadura and the province of Salamanca) lie. It was named after the Lusitani or Lusita ... * {{disambiguation Language and nationality disambiguation pages ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Portuguese Bar Association
The Order of Attorneys of Portugal ( pt, Ordem dos Advogados), also known as the Portuguese Bar Association, is the public association to which all attorneys-at-law belong in Portugal, founded in 1926. Its early origins are found on a private association founded in 1838 by a group of lawyers from Lisbon. Graduates in law from university who wish to act on behalf of clients before a court of law must register at the Portuguese Bar Association. Only those who are duly registered can provide legal consultation and appear before the court. Other graduates in law may choose other jobs, which do not demand registration at the bar association. Being a public association, it is independent from the government, but it has some public powers, which include disciplinary action over its members. Its decisions are subject to judicial impeachment. In Portuguese law, an attorney-at-law is known as ''advogado''. His job equals that of both solicitors and barrister A barrister is a type of l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
António Ramalho Eanes
António dos Santos Ramalho Eanes, GColL GCL GColTE CavA GCB RVC (; born 25 January 1935) is a Portuguese general and politician who was the 16th president of Portugal from 1976 to 1986. Background Born at Alcains, Castelo Branco, he is the son of Manuel dos Santos Eanes, a general contractor, and wife Maria do Rosário Ramalho. Political career After a long military career in the Portuguese Colonial Wars, he was stationed in Portuguese Angola when the 25 April revolution of 1974 took place. He joined the Movimento das Forças Armadas (MFA or Armed Forces Movement) and after returning to Portugal, he was made president of RTP (Portuguese public television). He ordered the military operations against the pro-communist radical faction of the MFA on 25 November 1975, an event known as the 25 de Novembro, ending that year's "hot summer" (''Verão quente''). In 1976 he was elected President of Portugal. At the end of 1980 he was re-elected, serving until February 1986. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Order Of Liberty
The Order of Liberty, or the Order of Freedom ( pt, Ordem da Liberdade), is a Portuguese honorific civil order that distinguishes relevant services to the cause of democracy and freedom, in the defense of the values of civilization and human dignity. The order was created in 1976, after the Carnation Revolution of 1974 in which the corporatist authoritarian '' Estado Novo'' regime of António de Oliveira Salazar and Marcello Caetano was deposed. The Grand Collar can also be given by the President of Portugal to former Heads of State and others whose deeds are of an extraordinary nature and particular relevance to Portugal, making them worthy of such a distinction. This can include political acts, physical acts of defense for Portugal, or the good representation of Portugal in other countries. Grades The order includes six classes; in decreasing order of seniority, these are: * Grand Collar (''Grande-Colar'' – GColL) * Grand Cross (''Grã-Cruz'' – GCL) * Grand Officer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
International Alliance Of Women
The International Alliance of Women (IAW; french: Alliance Internationale des Femmes, AIF) is an international non-governmental organization that works to promote women's rights and gender equality. It was historically the main international organization that campaigned for women's suffrage. IAW stands for an inclusive, intersectional and progressive liberal feminism. IAW's principles state that all genders are "born equally free nd areequally entitled to the free exercise of their individual rights and liberty," that "women’s rights are human rights" and that "human rights are universal, indivisible and interrelated." IAW is traditionally the dominant international non-governmental organization within the liberal (or bourgeois) women's movement. The basic principle of IAW is that the full and equal enjoyment of human rights is due to all women and girls. It is one of the oldest, largest and most influential organizations in its field. The organization was founded as the Int ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
International Council Of Women
The International Council of Women (ICW) is a women's rights organization working across national boundaries for the common cause of advocating human rights for women. In March and April 1888, women leaders came together in Washington, D.C., with 80 speakers and 49 delegates representing 53 women's organizations from nine countries: Canada, the United States, Ireland, India, United Kingdom, Finland, Denmark, France and Norway. Women from professional organizations, trade unions, arts groups and benevolent societies participate. National councils are affiliated to the ICW and thus make themselves heard at the international level. The ICW enjoys consultative status with the United Nations and its Permanent Representatives to ECOSOC, ILO, FAO, WHO, UNDP, UNEP, UNESCO, UNICEF, UNCTAD, and UNIDO. Beginnings During a visit to Europe in 1882, American suffragists Elizabeth Cady Stanton and Susan B. Anthony discussed the idea of an international women's organization with reformers in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Maria Lamas
Maria Lamas (6 October 1893 – 6 December 1983) was a Portuguese writer, translator, journalist, and feminist political activist. Early life Maria da Conceição Vassalo e Silva da Cunha Lamas was born on 6 October 1893 in Torres Novas in the Santarém District of Portugal. Her parents both came from well-off families. Her father was a Freemason while her mother was a pious Catholic. She had two younger sisters and was the older sister of Manuel António Vassalo e Silva, who would become the last Governor of Portuguese India, and cousin of the children’s book writers Alice Vieira and of the writer and publisher Maria Lúcia Vassalo Namorado. She attended primary and secondary school in Torres Novas, completing her secondary education at a boarding school run by Spanish nuns, from which her father removed her, concerned that she was developing a religious vocation. The nuns may not have been too disappointed: one was quoted as saying “a demon left here”. At the age of 17, i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Movement Of Democratic Unity
The Movement of Democratic Unity ( pt, Movimento de Unidade Democrática or MUD) was a quasi-legal platform of Portuguese democratic organizations that opposed the authoritarian regime of António de Oliveira Salazar and was founded in October 1945. The defeat of the Fascist regimes in World War II put the clerico-fascist Estado Novo regime in a troublesome position. In hopes of improving the image of the regime in Western circles, the government authorized some limited democratic openings, such as the creation of the MUD, in October 1945. The opposition groups were already organized in the Movement of National Antifascist Unity (MUNAF), which was quickly replaced by the MUD. The MUD quickly developed a strong structure, based on local committees at district, parish and neighborhood level. Initially, MUD was dominated by the moderate elements of the opposition, but soon the Portuguese Communist Party The Portuguese Communist Party ( pt, Partido Comunista Português, , PCP) i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Estado Novo (Portugal)
The ''Estado Novo'' (, lit. "New State") was the corporatist Portuguese state installed in 1933. It evolved from the ''Ditadura Nacional'' ("National Dictatorship") formed after the ''coup d'état'' of 28 May 1926 against the democratic but unstable First Republic. Together, the ''Ditadura Nacional'' and the ''Estado Novo'' are recognised by historians as the Second Portuguese Republic ( pt, Segunda República Portuguesa). The ''Estado Novo'', greatly inspired by conservative and autocratic ideologies, was developed by António de Oliveira Salazar, who was President of the Council of Ministers from 1932 until illness forced him out of office in 1968. The ''Estado Novo'' was one of the longest-surviving authoritarian regimes in Europe in the 20th century. Opposed to communism, socialism, syndicalism, anarchism, liberalism and anti-colonialism, the regime was conservative, corporatist, and nationalist in nature, defending Portugal's traditional Catholicism. Its policy envisa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
