ElettroTreno
ETR (Italian: ''Elettro Treno Rapido'', "Rapid Electric Train") is a series of Italian high-speed trains. Tilting EMU trains *ETR 401 *ETR 450 *ETR 460 *ETR 470 *ETR 480 * ETR 600/610 (New Pendolino) These models are often referred as Pendolino. Non-tilting trains *ETR 200 *ETR 220 *ETR 300 (Settebello) *ETR 250 (Arlecchino) *ETR 1000 *ETR 500 *ETR 700 See also *New Pendolino *Eurostar Italia *Treno Alta Velocità *Trenitalia *Rete Ferroviaria Italiana Rete Ferroviaria Italiana (RFI) is the Italian railway infrastructure manager, subsidiary of Ferrovie dello Stato (FS), a state-owned holding company. RFI is the owner of Italy's railway network, it provides signalling, maintenance and other ser ... High-speed trains of Italy {{Italy-rail-transport-stub ...
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FS Class ETR 450
ETR 450 (''ElettroTrenoRapido 450'') was the first series Italy, Italian tilting train (also called Pendolino). History The Pendolino project was started in the 1970s by FIAT Ferroviaria. Development included a number of prototypes, the last of which was the ETR 401. This prototype was followed by the ETR 450 series units. The first train entered service on between Rome and Milan in 1988. Every train is made up of 9 units. The trains can reach a maximum speed of , service top speed was . The ETR 450 were in use on the Rome-Bari, Rome-Ancona-Rimini and Genoa-Florence - Rome lines. It was relegated to lower services with the introduction of the next generation of Pendolino trains (ETR 460, ETR 480) and non-tilting high-speed trains (ETR 500). In 2004, the tilting mechanism was deactivated, due to the end of production of gyroscopic tilting controls (built by British Aerospace) and as a precaution, and top speed was reduced to . From 2015, all trains are out of service. ...
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FS Class ETR 500
ETR 500 ('' Elettro Treno Rapido 500'') is a family of Italian high-speed trains built by AnsaldoBreda and introduced in 1993. Designed under the aegis of the Ferrovie dello Stato (FS), it is now operated by Trenitalia on RFI tracks. History The opening of the Direttissima line, connecting Florence with Rome, in stages between 1978 and 1991 was the first high speed line in Europe. Then, in the 1990s, FS unveiled plans to build a whole new high speed network. As the larger part of the network would be suited for speeds of , new, non-tilting trains had to be designed as the tilting equipment used in the ETR 450, 460 and 480 Pendolino series was not suited for speeds of over . The new train was to be built by the TREVI (''TREno Veloce Italiano'', "Italian Fast Train") consortium, formed by Breda Costuzioni Ferroviarie, FIAT Ferroviaria, Tecnomasio and Firema Trasporti. Prototypes In 1988 the first prototype motorcar, called ETR 500-X and nicknamed "Remo," as the brother of ...
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ETR 220
ETR may refer to: * East Turkestan Republic (other); first and second movements * Express Toll Route, in Canada; Ontario Highway 407 * Entergy Corporation; NYSE stock symbol * Edolo language; ISO language code * Etravirine, a drug used to suppress HIV replication Transportation * ElettroTreno, a series of Italian high-speed trains * Echigo Tokimeki Railway, a railway operating company in Japan * Santa Rosa International Airport, serving Machala, Ecuador * Essex Terminal Railway, a short line railroad in Canada See also * Xetra (trading system); XETR * Eastern Test Range The Eastern Range (ER) is an American rocket range (Spaceport) that supports missile and rocket launches from the two major launch heads located at Cape Canaveral Space Force Station and the Kennedy Space Center (KSC), Florida. The range ha ...

FS Class ETR 460
The ETR 460 is an electric multiple unit (EMU) tilting train produced by FIAT Ferroviaria (now Alstom Ferroviaria) since 1993. It is also known as the Pendolino after the family of trains from which it comes. The ETR 460 is a development of the ETR 450, a Pendolino EMU developed in the 1970s, being characterized by improved layout, electrical and electronic systems, and improved comfort. Maximum speed remains unchanged at . The ETR 460 spawned two similar types of Pendolinos: the ETR 470 and the ETR 480. The main difference between the versions is that the 460 runs only on 3 kV DC, the 470 on 3 kV DC and 15 kV AC, and the 480 on 3 kV DC and 25 kV AC (used on new high-speed railways in Italy). Three sets were modified to be capable of additionally running on 1.5 kV DC for use on Milan-Turin-Lyon services, but have been all re-converted to the ETR 460 standard and renamed ETR 463. The British class 390, the Slovenian series 310, the Portuguese Alfa Pendular, the Finnish Sm3 and ...
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FS Class ETR 470
ETR 470 (''ElettroTreno 470'') is a high-speed tilting electric multiple unit, which is now only operated by the Greek-Italian private company, Hellenic Train. Introduced in September 1996, nine units were built for the Italo-Swiss firm Cisalpino. They were made by Fiat Ferroviaria (now Alstom), and could tilt up to 8°. Today, there are five trains in Greece. Prior to their arrival in Greece, they performed services under the name Frecciabianca. Specifications They can accommodate a total of 475 passengers, and also have a restaurant. They were designed by the Italian Giugiaro. They were initially designed for 3kV DC and 15kV 16.7 Hz AC operation, had four pantographs, as well as a tilting mechanism, accommodating a tilt of up to 8 degrees. Interiors File:ETR 470 interno 211108.jpg, 1st class File:FS ETR 470-053 EC30021 120415 interior 1.jpg, 2nd class History The 9 trainsets were built between 1993 and 1996 and were originally owned by the Swiss Cisalpino. In to ...
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FS Class ETR 480
The ETR 480 is a tilting Electric Multiple Unit built by Fiat Ferroviaria (now Alstom Ferroviaria) since 1993, It is also known as Pendolino. It was developed from the first new-generation Pendolino, the ETR 460. The main difference between ETR 460, ETR 470 and ETR 480 is that the 460 run only on 3 kV DC, the 470 on both 3 kV DC and 15 kV AC, and the 480 on both 3 kV DC and . FS Class 485 The ETR 480 was originally built without real 25 kV AC electrical equipment. This equipment is now installed on all the sets and the trains that have been converted are then re-measured on ETR 485. Export One of these units has been sent for testing on the Greek railway (TrainOSE), on the high speed line between Thessaloniki and Katerini. In August 2018, the specified number of 485,031 was transferred from Italy to Greece for test routes. This was the beginning for converting some ETR 470 for use by TrainOSE. Technical information *max. speed (in service): *traction system: = 3 kV DC, ...
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Trenitalia
Trenitalia is the primary train operator in Italy. A subsidiary of Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane, itself owned by the Italian government, the company was established in 2000 following a European Union directive on the deregulation of rail transport. History The Italian government formed Trenitalia to comply with Regulation (European Union), European regulations. The European Commission's First Railway Directive from 1991 (91/440/EC) required separation of accounting between entities which manage the rail infrastructure and entities which provide the actual rail transportation. On 1 June 2000, therefore, Italy created Trenitalia as the primary rail transportation company and on 1 July 2001 established Rete Ferroviaria Italiana (RFI) as the company overseeing the rail network. However, the separation was only formal, since both are subsidiaries of the Ferrovie dello Stato Italiane holding and are owned wholly by the government. Trenitalia operated freight rail services under the Tr ...
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Pendolino
Pendolino (from Italian ''pendolo'' "pendulum", and ''-ino,'' a diminutive suffix) is an Italian family of tilting trains used in Italy, Spain, Germany, Poland, Portugal, Slovenia, Finland, Russia, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, the UK, the US, Switzerland, China and Greece. Based on the design of the Italian ETR 401 (itself being based on British Rail innovations), it was further developed and manufactured by Fiat Ferroviaria, which was taken over by Alstom in 2000. The idea of a tilting train became popular in the 1960s and 1970s when various rail operators, impressed by the high-speed rail services being introduced in France and Japan, wondered how they could similarly speed up travel without building a dedicated parallel rail network (as those two countries were doing). By tilting, the train could go around curves designed for slower trains at higher speeds without causing undue discomfort to passengers. Current use Italy In Italy, various possibilities were explor ...
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FS Class ETR 200
The ETR 200 (for ''" Elettro Treno Rapido 200"'', in Italian meaning "Rapid Electric Train ''series'' 200") is an Italian electric multiple unit (EMU) introduced in 1936. On 20 July 1939 the ETR 200 number 12 obtained the world record average speed, between Bologna and Milan. Development and records In the 1930s, the Italian state railways, Ferrovie dello Stato, electrified the main line Milan-Bologna-Florence-Rome-Naples and needed a fast train to use on it and on other newly electrified ones. The project was started in 1934, using new technologies for steel and aerodynamics. The innovative nose of the train was developed after studies in the wind tunnel at the Politecnico di Torino engineering university. The first example was built by Società Italiana Ernesto Breda, (now AnsaldoBreda), in 1936, an articulated and traction-distributed train with three cars on four bogies, two of which were Jacobs bogies, had a single T 62-R-100 motor, while the others—at the front and rea ...
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ETR 401
ETR may refer to: * East Turkestan Republic (other); first and second movements * Express Toll Route, in Canada; Ontario Highway 407 * Entergy Corporation; NYSE stock symbol * Edolo language; ISO language code * Etravirine, a drug used to suppress HIV replication Transportation * ElettroTreno, a series of Italian high-speed trains * Echigo Tokimeki Railway, a railway operating company in Japan * Santa Rosa International Airport, serving Machala, Ecuador * Essex Terminal Railway, a short line railroad in Canada See also * Xetra (trading system); XETR * Eastern Test Range The Eastern Range (ER) is an American rocket range ( Spaceport) that supports missile and rocket launches from the two major launch heads located at Cape Canaveral Space Force Station and the Kennedy Space Center (KSC), Florida. The range h ...

ETR 250
ETR may refer to: * East Turkestan Republic (other); first and second movements * Express Toll Route, in Canada; Ontario Highway 407 * Entergy Corporation; NYSE stock symbol * Edolo language; ISO language code * Etravirine, a drug used to suppress HIV replication Transportation * ElettroTreno, a series of Italian high-speed trains * Echigo Tokimeki Railway, a railway operating company in Japan * Santa Rosa International Airport, serving Machala, Ecuador * Essex Terminal Railway, a short line railroad in Canada See also * Xetra (trading system); XETR * Eastern Test Range The Eastern Range (ER) is an American rocket range (Spaceport) that supports missile and rocket launches from the two major launch heads located at Cape Canaveral Space Force Station and the Kennedy Space Center (KSC), Florida. The range ha ...

Eurostar Italia
Eurostar Italia was the name given to high-speed trains operated by Trenitalia in Italy. The brand was discontinued and replaced with Le Frecce in December 2012. History The category Eurostar, introduced in 1997, replaced the Pendolino trains and had always been for the route connecting Milan to Rome and its extensions. Since 2006 with the opening of the high speed lines the category gradually declined in several subcategories and the original gradually downsized. In June 2012, the category Eurostar was divided into various subcategories indicating various high-speed services. The new categories created were Frecciarossa for the fastest trains (), Frecciargento for the next category of trains (), and Frecciabianca (). The final Eurostar services connecting Rome with Ravenna and Reggio Calabria operated until December 2012. The name ''Eurostar'' was used under license from Iveco, which owns the trademark and used the name for one of their trucks. Despite the identical name, the ...
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