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Eiao Map
Eiao is the largest of the extreme northwestern Marquesas Islands. The island is uninhabited, but is administratively part of the commune (municipality) of Nuku-Hiva, itself in the administrative subdivision of the Marquesas Islands. Geography The center of this island is a high plateau, rising on the east side to 576 metres above sea level (1,890 feet), much of which has been devastated by herds of feral sheep brought here by mankind. There is one good anchorage, found on the western side of the island at Vaituha. History In pre-European times, the bodies of chiefs from parts of Te I'i were taken to Eiao for burial. Eiao was at one time home to a Marquesan tribe called the Tuametaki. Archaeological investigations have discovered workshops for the production of stone tools, especially adzes, made from local basalt. These tools have been found in archaeological sites on other islands, providing evidence for prehistoric interisland voyaging within this island group. The po ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vaituha
Vaituha bay, on Eiao Vaituha is a small valley in northwestern Eiao Eiao is the largest of the extreme northwestern Marquesas Islands. The island is uninhabited, but is administratively part of the commune (municipality) of Nuku-Hiva, itself in the administrative subdivision of the Marquesas Islands. Geogra ... ( French Polynesia) which empties into a small bay of the same name. This bay is the only reliable anchorage on Eiao. The interior end of the valley, the site of a seasonally spectacular waterfall, rises steeply to the plateau which comprises much of the center of the island, and is one of the few ascents thereto. References Landforms of the Marquesas Islands Valleys of Oceania {{FrenchPolynesia-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Joseph Ingraham
Joseph Ingraham (1762–1800) was an American sailor and maritime fur trader who discovered several islands of the Marquesas Islands while on his way to trade along the west coast of North America. He was also a prisoner in the American Revolutionary War and an officer in the United States Navy. Early life During the War of Independence, Ingraham was a sailor captured by the British. He spent part of the war on a prison ship. In 1787, he was second mate aboard the '' Columbia Rediviva'' under the command of John Kendrick when it sailed to the Pacific Northwest to engage in the fur trade. Pacific voyages On September 16, 1790, Ingraham set sail from Boston as captain of the brig . The owners and investors of the ship and venture were Thomas Handasyd Perkins, Russell Sturgis, James and Thomas Lamb, and James Magee. These investors also owned the ''Margaret'', which, under Captain James Magee, frequently sailed in company with the ''Hope''. Ingraham's intention was to retur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Islands Of The Marquesas Islands
An island (or isle) is an isolated piece of habitat that is surrounded by a dramatically different habitat, such as water. Very small islands such as emergent land features on atolls can be called islets, skerries, cays or keys. An island in a river or a lake island may be called an eyot or ait, and a small island off the coast may be called a holm. Sedimentary islands in the Ganges delta are called chars. A grouping of geographically or geologically related islands, such as the Philippines, is referred to as an archipelago. There are two main types of islands in the sea: continental and oceanic. There are also artificial islands, which are man-made. Etymology The word ''island'' derives from Middle English ''iland'', from Old English ''igland'' (from ''ig'' or ''ieg'', similarly meaning 'island' when used independently, and -land carrying its contemporary meaning; cf. Dutch ''eiland'' ("island"), German ''Eiland'' ("small island")). However, the spelling of the wor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marquesan Nature Reserves
The Marquesan Nature Reserves are a network of small nature reserves in the Marquesas Islands. The reserves were declared by the government of French Polynesia in 1992, as a first step toward preserving the native flora and fauna of some of the smaller islands of the group. The reserve system presently consists of four units: *Eiao Island Nature Reserve, encompassing Eiao and its surrounding rocks () *Hatutu Nature Reserve, including the island of Hatutu and its surrounding rocks () * Motane Nature Reserve, including the islands of Moho Tani and Terihi, as well as a few surrounding rocks () *Motu One Reserve, covering the coral reef and sandy island network of Motu One () In 1996 Lucien Kimitete, the Mayor of Nuku Hiva, proposed that the Marquesas become a UNESCO World Heritage Site. In May 2022 public consultations on their listing began. See also *Flora of the Marquesas Islands *List of animals of the Marquesas Islands The Marquesas Islands have a diverse aquatic zoolo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Louis Le Breton
Louis Le Breton (1818 in Douarnenez – 1866) was a French painter who specialised in marine paintings. Le Breton studied medicine and took part in Dumont d'Urville's second voyage aboard the '' Astrolabe''. After the official illustrator of the expedition died, Le Breton replaced him. From 1847 he devoted himself mainly to depicting marine subjects for the French Navy. Occult Louis Le Breton executed 69 illustrations of occult demons, working from engravings by M. Jarrault, for the 1863 edition of '' Dictionnaire Infernal'' by Collin de Plancy.Peter Fitting, ''Subterranean Worlds: A Critical Anthology'', page 208 (Wesleyan University Press, 2004). See also * European and American voyages of scientific exploration The era of European and American voyages of scientific exploration followed the Age of Discovery and were inspired by a new confidence in science and reason that arose in the Age of Enlightenment. Maritime expeditions in the Age of Discovery were ... References ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World Heritage Site
A World Heritage Site is a landmark or area with legal protection by an international convention administered by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). World Heritage Sites are designated by UNESCO for having cultural, historical, scientific or other form of significance. The sites are judged to contain " cultural and natural heritage around the world considered to be of outstanding value to humanity". To be selected, a World Heritage Site must be a somehow unique landmark which is geographically and historically identifiable and has special cultural or physical significance. For example, World Heritage Sites might be ancient ruins or historical structures, buildings, cities, deserts, forests, islands, lakes, monuments, mountains, or wilderness areas. A World Heritage Site may signify a remarkable accomplishment of humanity, and serve as evidence of our intellectual history on the planet, or it might be a place of great natural beauty. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eiao Monarch
The Eiao monarch (''Pomarea fluxa'') is an extinct species of bird in the family Monarchidae. The species is sometimes considered to have been conspecific with the Iphis monarch. It was endemic to French Polynesia. Its natural habitats were subtropical or tropical dry forests, subtropical or tropical moist lowland forests, and subtropical or tropical moist shrubland. The Eiao Monarch was last seen in 1977. The likely cause of extinction is thought to have been introduced predators (feral cats, black rats) however, other contributing factors may have included possible avian disease from introduced species ( Chestnut-breasted Mannikin) and habitat loss caused by intensive grazing by introduced sheep. Taxonomy and systematics Until 2012, the Eiao monarch was considered to be a subspecies (''Pomarea iphis fluxa'') of the Iphis monarch. References Pomarea Extinct birds of Oceania Birds described in 1928 Taxa named by Robert Cushman Murphy Species made extinct by human acti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Endemic (ecology)
Endemism is the state of a species being found in a single defined geographic location, such as an island, state, nation, country or other defined zone; organisms that are indigenous to a place are not endemic to it if they are also found elsewhere. For example, the Cape sugarbird is found exclusively in southwestern South Africa and is therefore said to be ''endemic'' to that particular part of the world. An endemic species can be also be referred to as an ''endemism'' or in scientific literature as an ''endemite''. For example '' Cytisus aeolicus'' is an endemite of the Italian flora. '' Adzharia renschi'' was once believed to be an endemite of the Caucasus, but it was later discovered to be a non-indigenous species from South America belonging to a different genus. The extreme opposite of an endemic species is one with a cosmopolitan distribution, having a global or widespread range. A rare alternative term for a species that is endemic is "precinctive", which applies to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Endangered Species
An endangered species is a species that is very likely to become extinct in the near future, either worldwide or in a particular political jurisdiction. Endangered species may be at risk due to factors such as habitat loss, poaching and invasive species. The International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List lists the global conservation status of many species, and various other agencies assess the status of species within particular areas. Many nations have laws that protect conservation-reliant species which, for example, forbid hunting, restrict land development, or create protected areas. Some endangered species are the target of extensive conservation efforts such as captive breeding and habitat restoration. Human activity is a significant cause in causing some species to become endangered. Conservation status The conservation status of a species indicates the likelihood that it will become extinct. Multiple factors are considered when assessing ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ecosystem
An ecosystem (or ecological system) consists of all the organisms and the physical environment with which they interact. These biotic and abiotic components are linked together through nutrient cycles and energy flows. Energy enters the system through photosynthesis and is incorporated into plant tissue. By feeding on plants and on one another, animals play an important role in the movement of matter and energy through the system. They also influence the quantity of plant and microbial biomass present. By breaking down dead organic matter, decomposers release carbon back to the atmosphere and facilitate nutrient cycling by converting nutrients stored in dead biomass back to a form that can be readily used by plants and microbes. Ecosystems are controlled by external and internal Environmental factor, factors. External factors such as climate, parent material which forms the soil and topography, control the overall structure of an ecosystem but are not themselves influe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eiao Island Nature Reserve
The Eiao Nature Reserve is a nature reserve encompassing the whole of the island of Eiao in the northern Marquesas Islands, as well as several surrounding rocks. The reserve was declared in 1971, as a first step in preserving whatever remains of the devastated ecosystem, which has almost entirely been destroyed through over-grazing by feral goats, sheep and swine. The reserve is the primary nesting site of several endangered species, several of which are endemic, including the Eiao Marquesan warbler (''Acrocephalus mendanae aquilonis'') and the Iphis monarch (''Pomarea iphis''). See also * French Polynesia *Marquesan Nature Reserves The Marquesan Nature Reserves are a network of small nature reserves in the Marquesas Islands. The reserves were declared by the government of French Polynesia in 1992, as a first step toward preserving the native flora and fauna of some of the sm ... References Environment of the Marquesas Islands Nature reserves {{FrenchPolynesia- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nuclear Weapons Testing
Nuclear weapons tests are experiments carried out to determine nuclear weapons' effectiveness, yield, and explosive capability. Testing nuclear weapons offers practical information about how the weapons function, how detonations are affected by different conditions, and how personnel, structures, and equipment are affected when subjected to nuclear explosions. However, nuclear testing has often been used as an indicator of scientific and military strength. Many tests have been overtly political in their intention; most nuclear weapons states publicly declared their nuclear status through a nuclear test. The first nuclear device was detonated as a test by the United States at the Trinity site in New Mexico on July 16, 1945, with a yield approximately equivalent to 20 kilotons of TNT. The first thermonuclear weapon technology test of an engineered device, codenamed "Ivy Mike", was tested at the Enewetak Atoll in the Marshall Islands on November 1, 1952 (local date), also by t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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