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EcoRI
EcoRI (pronounced "eco R one") is a restriction endonuclease enzyme isolated from species '' E. coli.'' It is a restriction enzyme that cleaves DNA double helices into fragments at specific sites, and is also a part of the restriction modification system. The ''Eco'' part of the enzyme's name originates from the species from which it was isolated"E" denotes generic name, "Escherichia", and "co" denotes species name, "coli"while the R represents the particular strain, in this case RY13, and the I denotes that it was the first enzyme isolated from this strain. In molecular biology it is used as a restriction enzyme. EcoRI creates 4 nucleotide sticky ends with 5' end overhangs of AATT. The nucleic acid recognition sequence where the enzyme cuts is G↓AATTC, which has a palindromic complementary sequence of CTTAA↓G. Other restriction enzymes, depending on their cut sites, can also leave 3' overhangs or blunt ends with no overhangs. History EcoRI is an example of type II restrict ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
EcoRI Restriction Enzyme Recognition Site
EcoRI (pronounced "eco R one") is a restriction endonuclease enzyme isolated from species ''E. coli.'' It is a restriction enzyme that cleaves DNA double helices into fragments at specific sites, and is also a part of the restriction modification system. The ''Eco'' part of the enzyme's name originates from the species from which it was isolated"E" denotes generic name, "Escherichia", and "co" denotes species name, "coli"while the R represents the particular strain, in this case RY13, and the I denotes that it was the first enzyme isolated from this strain. In molecular biology it is used as a restriction enzyme. EcoRI creates 4 nucleotide sticky ends with 5' end overhangs of AATT. The nucleic acid recognition sequence where the enzyme cuts is G↓AATTC, which has a palindromic complementary sequence of CTTAA↓G. Other restriction enzymes, depending on their cut sites, can also leave 3' overhangs or blunt ends with no overhangs. History EcoRI is an example of type II restricti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
EcoRII
EcoRII (pronounced 'eco R two') is an Restriction endonuclease enzyme (REase) of the restriction modification system (RM) naturally found in ''Escherichia coli'', a Gram-negative bacteria. Its molecular mass is 45.2 Atomic mass unit, kDa, being composed of 402 amino acids. Mode of action EcoRII is a bacterial Type IIE restriction endonuclease, REase that interacts with two othreeref name="pmid17845057"> copies of the pseudopalindromic dsDNA, DNA Restriction enzyme#Recognition site, recognition sequence 5' end, 5'-Cytosine, CCWGuanine, GG-3' end, 3' (W = Adenine, A or Thymine, T), one being the actual target of cleavage, the other(s) serving as the Allosteric regulation#Allosteric activation and inhibition, allosteric activator(s). EcoRII cuts the target dsDNA, DNA sequence CCWGG, generating sticky ends. Cut diagram Structure The apo structure, apo X-ray crystallography, crystal structure of EcoRII Point mutation, mutant R88A () has been solved at 2.1 Angstrom, Å Resolution ( ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Restriction Enzymes
A restriction enzyme, restriction endonuclease, REase, ENase or'' restrictase '' is an enzyme that cleaves DNA into fragments at or near specific recognition sites within molecules known as restriction sites. Restriction enzymes are one class of the broader endonuclease group of enzymes. Restriction enzymes are commonly classified into five types, which differ in their structure and whether they cut their DNA substrate at their recognition site, or if the recognition and cleavage sites are separate from one another. To cut DNA, all restriction enzymes make two incisions, once through each sugar-phosphate backbone (i.e. each strand) of the DNA double helix. These enzymes are found in bacteria and archaea and provide a defense mechanism against invading viruses. Inside a prokaryote, the restriction enzymes selectively cut up ''foreign'' DNA in a process called ''restriction digestion''; meanwhile, host DNA is protected by a modification enzyme (a methyltransferase) that modifi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
EcoRV
EcoRV (pronounced "eco R five") is a type II restriction endonuclease isolated from certain strains of ''Escherichia coli''. It has the alternative name Eco32I. In molecular biology, it is a commonly used restriction enzyme. It creates blunt ends. The enzyme recognizes the palindromic 6-base DNA sequence 5'-GAT, ATC-3' and makes a blunt end at the vertical line. The complementary sequence is then 3'-CTA, TAG-5'. The ends are blunt and can be ligated into a blunt cloning site easily but with lower efficiency than sticky ends. Structure The structure of this enzyme, and several mutants, in complex with the DNA sequence which it cuts has been solved by X-ray crystallography. The core of the enzyme consists of a five-stranded mixed β-sheet flanked by α-helices. The core is conserved in all other type II restriction endonucleases. It also has an N-terminal dimerization subdomain formed by a short α-helix, a two-stranded antiparallel -sheet, and a long α-helix. This subdomain ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Clone (genetics)
Molecular cloning is a set of experimental methods in molecular biology that are used to assemble recombinant DNA molecules and to direct their replication within host organisms. The use of the word ''cloning'' refers to the fact that the method involves the replication of one molecule to produce a population of cells with identical DNA molecules. Molecular cloning generally uses DNA sequences from two different organisms: the species that is the source of the DNA to be cloned, and the species that will serve as the living host for replication of the recombinant DNA. Molecular cloning methods are central to many contemporary areas of modern biology and medicine. In a conventional molecular cloning experiment, the DNA to be cloned is obtained from an organism of interest, then treated with enzymes in the test tube to generate smaller DNA fragments. Subsequently, these fragments are then combined with vector DNA to generate recombinant DNA molecules. The recombinant DNA is then ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
DNA End
DNA ends refer to the properties of the ends of linear DNA molecules, which in molecular biology are described as "sticky" or "blunt" based on the shape of the complementary strands at the terminus. In sticky ends, one strand is longer than the other (typically by at least a few nucleotides), such that the longer strand has bases which are left unpaired. In blunt ends, both strands are of equal length – i.e. they end at the same base position, leaving no unpaired bases on either strand. The concept is used in molecular biology, in cloning, or when subcloning insert DNA into vector DNA. Such ends may be generated by restriction enzymes that break the molecule's phosphodiester backbone at specific locations, which themselves belong to a larger class of enzymes called exonucleases and endonucleases. A restriction enzyme that cuts the backbones of both strands at non-adjacent locations leaves a staggered cut, generating two overlapping sticky ends, while an enzyme that makes a str ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bacterial Enzymes
Bacteria (; : bacterium) are ubiquitous, mostly free-living organisms often consisting of one biological cell. They constitute a large domain of prokaryotic microorganisms. Typically a few micrometres in length, bacteria were among the first life forms to appear on Earth, and are present in most of its habitats. Bacteria inhabit the air, soil, water, acidic hot springs, radioactive waste, and the deep biosphere of Earth's crust. Bacteria play a vital role in many stages of the nutrient cycle by recycling nutrients and the fixation of nitrogen from the atmosphere. The nutrient cycle includes the decomposition of dead bodies; bacteria are responsible for the putrefaction stage in this process. In the biological communities surrounding hydrothermal vents and cold seeps, extremophile bacteria provide the nutrients needed to sustain life by converting dissolved compounds, such as hydrogen sulphide and methane, to energy. Bacteria also live in mutualistic, comm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
EC 3
EC3 can refer to: People * Ethan Carter III (EC3) (born 1983), American professional wrestler Places * EC3, a district in the London EC postcode area Groups, organizations, companies * European Cybercrime Centre * EarthCheck, formerly EC3 Global; international tourism advisory group Transportation * BJEV ''EC3'', a Chinese electric vehicle * KUR ''EC3 class'', a class of steam locomotive * EC-3 radar, Italian WWII radar Other uses * Dolby Digital Plus, also known as EC-3 * Hydrolase enzymes (EC 3); see List of EC numbers (EC 3) See also * ECCC (other) {{Letter-NumberCombDisambig ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
