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East Sumatra Revolution
The East Sumatra revolution, also known as the East Sumatra Social Revolution, began on 3 March 1946. Across 25 "native states", many sultanates were overthrown and mass killing of members of the aristocratic families were performed by armed ''pergerakan'' groups (Indonesian nationalists). To the opportunistic ''pergerakan'' militants (especially Communist Party of Indonesia leaders Abdoe'lxarim M. S. and Luat Siregar), the revolutionary movement was seen as one of the means for East Sumatra to be freed from colonial overlordship and to join the larger Indonesian National Revolution. Participants of the revolution were believed to be provoked by leaders to kill aristocrats and create violence. These belligerents had three prime objectives: to eliminate the sultans and aristocrats (who were seen as Dutch allies), to seize their wealth (as sources of funding for the Indonesian independence campaign) and to eliminate the region's feudal social structure. The revolution brought about ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Communist Party Of Indonesia
The Communist Party of Indonesia (Indonesian: ''Partai Komunis Indonesia'', PKI) was a communist party in Indonesia during the mid-20th century. It was the largest non-ruling communist party in the world before its violent disbandment in 1965. The party had two million members in the 1955 elections, with 16 percent of the national vote and almost 30 percent of the vote in East Java. During most of the period immediately following independence until the eradication of the PKI in 1965, it was a legal party operating openly in the country. History Forerunners The Indies Social Democratic Association (Dutch: ''Indische Sociaal-Democratische Vereeniging'', ISDV) was founded in 1914 by Dutch socialist Henk Sneevliet and another Indies socialist. The 85-member ISDV was a merger of the two Dutch socialist parties (the SDAP and the Socialist Party of the Netherlands), which would become the Communist Party of the Netherlands with Dutch East Indies leadership. The Dutch members of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
North Sumatra
North Sumatra ( id, Sumatra Utara) is a province of Indonesia located on the northern part of the island of Sumatra. Its capital and largest city is Medan. North Sumatra is Indonesia's fourth most populous province after West Java, East Java and Central Java, and also the most populous in the island of Sumatra. It covers an area of 72,981 km2. According to the 2020 census, the province's population in that year was 14,799,361. The mid-2021 official estimate is 14,936,148. North Sumatra is a multi-ethnic province. The Malay people are regarded as the natives of the east coast of the province, while the west coast of the province is mainly inhabited by the Batak (''Pakpak'', ''Angkola'' and ''Mandailing'' groups). The central highlands region around Lake Toba is predominantly inhabited by another ''Batak'' groups (''Toba'', ''Simalungun'' and ''Karo''). The Nias people are natives to ''Nias Island'' and its surrounding islets. With the opening of tobacco plantations in East S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tanjungbalai (city)
Tanjungbalai (Indonesian: ''Kota Tanjungbalai''), formerly known as ''Tanjungbalai-Asahan'' is a city in North Sumatra province, Indonesia, on the estuary of the Asahan River. It has an area of and the sixth largest ''kota'' (urban) population in North Sumatra with 154,445 inhabitants in the 2010 census and 176,027 at the 2020 Census. The town has a ferry terminal with services to Port Klang, Malaysia, and the city-island of Singapore. It was formerly a district of Asahan Regency until it was elevated to city status, but the tag "Asahan" is still used to distinguish it from the port of the same name on Great Karimun island. After the separation of Tanjungbalai from Asahan Regency, it technically became an enclave within Asahan Regency. Administrative divisions The city is divided administratively into six districts (''kecamatan''), tabulated below with their areas and their populations at the 2010 Census Biro Pusat Statistik, Jakarta, 2011. and 2020 Census. Tanjungbalai Asaha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Raymond Westerling
Raymond Pierre Paul Westerling (31 August 1919 – 26 November 1987) was a Greek-Dutch military officer of the Royal Netherlands East Indies Army. He orchestrated a contraguerrilla in Sulawesi during the Indonesian National Revolution after World War II and participated in a coup attempt against the Indonesian government in January 1950, a month after the official transfer of sovereignty. Both actions were denounced as war crimes by the Indonesian authorities. Born in the Ottoman Empire, his nickname was "The Turk", however Westerling was actually of Greek ethnic background. Early life Raymond Westerling was born on 31 August 1919 in Istanbul. He was the son of a Greek mother and a Dutch father, whose family had lived there for three generations. He grew up speaking Greek, Turkish, French and English, and later wrote: "One of the few Western European languages that I didn’t speak a word of was my mother tongue: Dutch." When World War II engulfed Europe in 1941, he went to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Battle Of Medan
The Battle of Medan, known locally as the Battle for the Medan Area ( id, Pertempuran Medan Area) was a battle between Allied forces and the Indonesian Army in Medan, North Sumatra, and its surrounding area during the Indonesian National Revolution. Prelude As the Second World War neared its end, the Allies agreed that post-war, the Dutch East Indies would come under the authority of the South East Asia Command headed by British Admiral Lord Louis Mountbatten. Following the surrender of Japan, British troops began landing in Sumatra and Java to release prisoners-of-war, repatriate Japanese troops and maintain law and order pending the return of the Dutch colonial authorities. Meanwhile, on 17 August 1945, Sukarno proclaimed Indonesia independence in Jakarta, and appointed Muhammad Hasan as governor of Sumatra. However, news of the proclamation was only announced by Hasan in Medan on 30 September. The Allies, who had just liberated Indonesia from its Japanese occupatio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sukarno
Sukarno). (; born Koesno Sosrodihardjo, ; 6 June 1901 – 21 June 1970) was an Indonesian statesman, orator, revolutionary, and nationalist who was the first president of Indonesia, serving from 1945 to 1967. Sukarno was the leader of the Indonesian struggle for independence from the Dutch colonialists. He was a prominent leader of Indonesia's nationalist movement during the colonial period and spent over a decade under Dutch detention until released by the invading Japanese forces in World War II. Sukarno and his fellow nationalists collaborated to garner support for the Japanese war effort from the population, in exchange for Japanese aid in spreading nationalist ideas. Upon Japanese surrender, Sukarno and Mohammad Hatta declared Indonesian independence on 17 August 1945, and Sukarno was appointed president. He led the Indonesian resistance to Dutch re-colonisation efforts via diplomatic and military means until the Dutch recognition of Indonesian independence ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Proclamation Of Indonesian Independence
The Proclamation of Indonesian Independence ( id, Proklamasi Kemerdekaan Indonesia, or simply ''Proklamasi'') was read at 10:00 on Friday, 17 August 1945 in Jakarta. The declaration marked the start of the diplomatic and armed resistance of the Indonesian National Revolution, fighting against the forces of the Netherlands and pro-Dutch civilians, until the latter officially acknowledged Indonesia's independence in 1949. The document was signed by Sukarno (who signed his name "Soekarno" using the Van Ophuijsen orthography) and Mohammad Hatta, who were appointed president and vice-president respectively the following day. The date of the Proclamation of Indonesian Independence was made a public holiday by a government decree issued on 18 June 1946. Background The beginnings of the independence movement In 1918, the Dutch authorities in the Dutch East Indies established a partly-elected People's Council, the ''Volksraad'', which for the first time gave Indonesian nationalists a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tokubetsu Keisatsutai
The was the Imperial Japanese Navy's military police, equivalent to the Imperial Japanese Army's ''Kempeitai''. It was also the smallest military police service. The original ''Tokkeitai'' was known as the General Affairs Section and concerned itself with police and personnel work within the Navy: personnel, discipline and records. It took a more active role, partly to keep the ''Kempeitai'' and the Army from meddling in Navy affairs. Smaller and more low-key than its rival, it was no less brutal. It was especially active in the areas of the South Pacific and the Naval Control Area and was as pervasive as the ''Kempeitai''. It had the same commissar roles in relation to exterior enemies or suspicious persons, and it watched inside units for possible defectors or traitors under the security doctrine of '' Kikosaku''. Attached to navy units, they served as Colonial police in some occupied Pacific areas. Later accusations of war crimes were made against them in that role for su ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heiho
were native Indonesian units raised by the Imperial Japanese Army during its occupation of the Dutch East Indies in World War II. Alongside the ''Heiho'', the Japanese organized ''Giyūgun'' (義勇軍, "Volunteer army"), such as the Java-based "Defenders of the Homeland" (PETA; id, Pembela Tanah Air, ja, 郷土防衛義勇軍, Kyōdo Bōei Giyūgun). Indonesian youths who joined the ''Heiho'' were never given high ranks or positions, contrasted by the young people who were members of PETA or other ''Giyūgun'' and often received appointments and promotions. This discrimination carried over into public life, where ''Heiho'' members had to salute any Japanese citizen, both civilians and military. In addition, there was also a difference in salary, accommodation, and food with the ''heitai'' (兵隊, "soldiers") of the ''Giyūgun'', which were adjusted according to the social status of the individual ''Heiho'' soldier. The monthly salary of a ''Heiho'' was only 30 rupiah for b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Japanese Occupation Of Sumatra, 1942
Japanese may refer to: * Something from or related to Japan, an island country in East Asia * Japanese language, spoken mainly in Japan * Japanese people, the ethnic group that identifies with Japan through ancestry or culture ** Japanese diaspora, Japanese emigrants and their descendants around the world * Japanese citizens, nationals of Japan under Japanese nationality law ** Foreign-born Japanese, naturalized citizens of Japan * Japanese writing system, consisting of kanji and kana * Japanese cuisine, the food and food culture of Japan See also * List of Japanese people * * Japonica (other) * Japonicum * Japonicus * Japanese studies Japanese studies (Japanese: ) or Japan studies (sometimes Japanology in Europe), is a sub-field of area studies or East Asian studies involved in social sciences and humanities research on Japan. It incorporates fields such as the study of Japanese ... {{disambiguation Language and nationality disambiguation pages ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
