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East German Coffee Crisis
The East German coffee crisis was a shortage of coffee in the late 1970s in East Germany caused by a poor harvest and unstable commodity prices, severely limiting the government's ability to buy coffee on the world markets. As a consequence, the East German government increased its engagement in Africa and Asia, exporting weapons and equipment to coffee-producing nations. Situation In 1977, East Germany experienced difficulties meeting domestic demand for coffee, a commodity that had to be purchased using ', i.e. freely convertible Western currencies that were in short supply in Warsaw Pact, Eastern Bloc countries. The coffee crisis indirectly led to changes in the world market for coffee. The coffee crisis led to a reorientation of East German foreign policy as well as considerable belt-tightening. In particular, the East German government engaged in barter with Third World countries, exporting weapons and trucks in exchange for coffee and energy. Background In the Soviet o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Central Committee
Central committee is the common designation of a standing administrative body of Communist party, communist parties, analogous to a board of directors, of both ruling and nonruling parties of former and existing socialist states. In such party organizations, the committee would typically be made up of delegates elected at a party congress. In Communist state, those states where it constituted the state power, the central committee made decisions for the party between congresses and usually was (at least nominally) responsible for electing the politburo. In non-ruling communist parties, the central committee is usually understood by the party membership to be the ultimate decision-making authority between congresses once the process of democratic centralism has led to an agreed-upon position. Non-communist organizations are also governed by central committees, such as the right-wing Likud party in Israel, the North American Mennonite Central Committee, Mennonite Church and Alcoholic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flower Coffee Robusta In The Highlands
A flower, sometimes known as a bloom or blossom, is the reproductive structure found in flowering plants (plants of the division Angiospermae). The biological function of a flower is to facilitate reproduction, usually by providing a mechanism for the union of sperm with eggs. Flowers may facilitate outcrossing (fusion of sperm and eggs from different individuals in a population) resulting from cross-pollination or allow selfing (fusion of sperm and egg from the same flower) when self-pollination occurs. There are two types of pollination: self-pollination and cross-pollination. Self-pollination occurs when the pollen from the anther is deposited on the stigma of the same flower, or another flower on the same plant. Cross-pollination is when pollen is transferred from the anther of one flower to the stigma of another flower on a different individual of the same species. Self-pollination happens in flowers where the stamen and carpel mature at the same time, and are positioned so ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cross-selling
Cross-selling is a sales technique involving the selling of an additional product or service to an existing customer. In practice, businesses define cross-selling in many different ways. Elements that might influence the definition might include the size of the business, the industry sector it operates within and the financial motivations of those required to define the term. The objective of cross-selling can be either to increase the income derived from the client or to protect the relationship with the client or clients. The approach to the process of cross-selling can be varied to include two teams within the same organization or two organizations partnering to cross-sell or co-sell a client. Unlike the acquiring of new business, cross-selling involves an element of risk that could disrupt the relationship of existing clients. For that reason, it is important to ensure that the additional product or service being sold to the client or clients enhances the value the client ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tchibo
Tchibo is a German chain of coffee retailers and cafés known for its range of non-coffee products that change weekly. The latter includes: clothing, furniture, household items, electronics and electrical appliances. In Germany, Tchibo's slogan is "Every week a new world" (german: Jede Woche eine neue Welt). Tchibo has further expanded its product range to sell services such as travel, insurance, and mobile-phone contracts. With over 1,000 shops, Tchibo is one of Germany's largest retail chains. The company is headquartered in Hamburg. Tchibo's coffee is sold in supermarkets and other smaller stores in the United States, Canada, Czechia, Saudi Arabia, Slovakia, Slovenia, Bulgaria, Romania, Turkey, Hungary, Ukraine, Syria, Israel, Jordan, Russia, United Arab Emirates, Poland, Ireland, United Kingdom, Switzerland, Liechtenstein, and Lebanon. It is also sold online. History Founding Tchibo was founded in 1949 in Hamburg by Max Herz and Carl Tchilinghiryan, and still maintains its ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Succade
Succade is the candied peel of any of the citrus species, especially from the citron or ''Citrus medica'' which is distinct with its extra-thick peel; in addition, the taste of the inner rind of the citron is less bitter than those of the other citrus. However, the term is also occasionally applied to the peel, root, or even entire fruit or vegetable like parsley, fennel and cucurbita which have a bitter taste and are boiled with sugar to get a special "sweet and sour" outcome. Fruits which are commonly candied also include dates, cherries, pineapple, ginger, and the rind of watermelon. Name The word succade is most probably derived from the Latin ''succidus'', but according to others the name may have originated from the Hebrew word sukkah, the temporary booth that Jews build on the holiday of Sukkot. The citron, known in Hebrew as an ''etrog'', is one of the symbolic Four Species used on that holiday. After Sukkot, some Jews candy the ''etrog'' or make marmalade from it. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stollen
Stollen ( or ) is a fruit bread of nuts, spices, and dried or candied fruit, coated with powdered sugar or icing sugar and often containing marzipan. It is a traditional German Christmas bread. During the Christmas season the cake-like loaves are called Weihnachtsstollen (after "Weihnachten", the German word for Christmas) or Christstollen (after Christ). Ingredients Stollen is a cake-like fruit bread made with yeast, water and flour, and usually with zest added to the dough. Orangeat (candied orange peel) and candied citrus peel (Zitronat), raisins and almonds, and various spices such as cardamom and cinnamon are added. Other ingredients, such as milk, sugar, butter, salt, rum, eggs, vanilla, other dried fruits and nuts and marzipan, may also be added to the dough. Except for the fruit added, the dough is quite low in sugar. The finished bread is sprinkled with icing sugar. The traditional weight of Stollen is around , but smaller sizes are common. The bread is slathered ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Westpaket
(German for "Western package", plural: ) is the common term for care packages sent by West Germans to their friends and families in East Germany during the division of Germany from 1961-1989. History During the division of Germany from 1945-1990, and particularly after the construction of the Berlin Wall in 1961, East Germans were largely unable to visit West German friends and family members. At the urging of the Office for Pan-German Aid (german: Büro für gesamtdeutsche Hilfe), many West Germans regularly sent packages to East German relatives, such as for birthdays or Christmas. In return, many East Germans would send an ''Ostpaket'', often containing food, spirits, handicrafts, or confections, such as Stollen for Christmas. With limited opportunities for phone calls, letters and were often the sole form of contact for families, and served as a pleasant improvement for daily life. Beginning in the 1960s, East Germany was able to reliably provide basic necessities, but l ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jacobs (coffee)
Jacobs () is a brand of coffee that traces its beginnings to 1895 in Germany by (1869 in , Bremen – 1958 in Bremen) and is today marketed in Europe by JDE Peet's. Major markets Major markets are Austria, the Baltic countries, North Macedonia, Finland, Bulgaria, Croatia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Serbia, the Czech Republic, Germany, Greece, Israel, Hungary, Poland, the Netherlands, Romania, Russia, Slovakia, Azerbaijan, Switzerland, Iran, Turkey, Tajikistan, Georgia, Ukraine, Namibia, South Africa, Tunisia, Morocco, México, The Bahamas, Ireland, Botswana and Zimbabwe. Managements Under the direction of Klaus Johann Jacobs, who took over the company in 1970, Jacobs expanded into other fields. It merged with the Swiss chocolate company Interfood in 1982 to form Jacobs Suchard, and bought the American Brach's Candy in 1987, among other acquisitions. Jacobs Suchard, with the exception of Brach's and Interfood, was sold to Kraft Foods in 1990. During the 1970s until 1990s it was p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Erich Honecker
Erich Ernst Paul Honecker (; 25 August 1912 – 29 May 1994) was a German communist politician who led the German Democratic Republic (East Germany) from 1971 until shortly before the fall of the Berlin Wall in November 1989. He held the posts of General Secretary of the Socialist Unity Party of Germany (SED) and Chairman of the National Defence Council; in 1976, he replaced Willi Stoph as Chairman of the State Council, the official head of state. As the leader of East Germany, Honecker had close ties to the Soviet Union, which maintained a large army in the country. Honecker's political career began in the 1930s when he became an official of the Communist Party of Germany, a position for which he was imprisoned by the Nazis. Following World War II, he was freed by the Soviet army and relaunched his political activities, founding the SED's youth organisation, the Free German Youth, in 1946 and serving as the group's chairman until 1955. As the Security Secretary of the SED C ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coffee Substitute
Coffee substitutes are non-coffee products, usually without caffeine, that are used to imitate coffee. Coffee substitutes can be used for medical, economic and religious reasons, or simply because coffee is not readily available. Roasted grain beverages are common substitutes for coffee. In World War II, acorns were used to make coffee, as were roasted chicory and grain. Postum, a bran and molasses beverage, also became a popular coffee substitute during this time. During the American Civil War coffee was also scarce in the South: Coffee substitutes are sometimes used in preparing food and drink served to children, to people who believe that coffee is unhealthy, and to people who avoid caffeine for religious reasons. The Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints (LDS Church) advises its members to refrain from drinking coffee, as church doctrine interprets a prohibition against "hot drinks" to include coffee in all forms. The Seventh-day Adventist Church regards caffeine as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
