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Exutaspis
''Exutaspis megista'' is an extinct, "giant" buchanosteid arthrodire placoderm. Its fossils have been found in the Late Emsian-aged marine strata of the Jiucheng and Haikou Formations in Wuding, Yunnan. It was originally described as a phlyctaeniid. Later, after comparison with the Chinese ''Buchanosteus ''Buchanosteus'' is an extinct genus of arthrodire placoderm. Its fossils have been found in Early Devonian-aged marine strata throughout Asia and Australia. It contains the following species: *''B. confertituberculatus'', the type species, is ... guanxianesis'', ''Exutaspis'' was reappraised as a buchanosteid. The holotype, a "head roof," is long. References Buchanosteidae Placoderms of Asia {{Placoderm-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Buchanosteidae
Buchanosteidae is a family of arthrodire placoderms that lived from the Early to Middle Devonian.White, E. I. (1952). Australian arthrodires. ''Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Geology)'' 1: 249–304. Fossils appear in various strata in Russia, Central Asia, Australia, and China. All buchanosteids tend to have flattened (of varying degrees depending on the genus) heads, with most genera also having large orbits. Genera ''Arenipiscis'' From the Emsian of New South Wales, it is known from several scrappy remains. It had a narrow skull, and the dermal surfaces of the bony armor were covered in a pattern of fine, granular tubercles. ''Buchanosteus'' The type genus, species are found in Emsian-aged strata in Australia, China, and Kazakhstan. ''Errolosteus'' One of several Taemas-Weejasper buchanosteid genera, ''Errolosteus'' had a comparatively broad, short skull. ''Exutaspis'' A "giant" buchanosteid from Emsian-aged strata in China. The holotype, an endocran ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Buchanosteid
Buchanosteidae is a family of arthrodire placoderms that lived from the Early to Middle Devonian.White, E. I. (1952). Australian arthrodires. ''Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) (Geology)'' 1: 249–304. Fossils appear in various strata in Russia, Central Asia, Australia, and China. All buchanosteids tend to have flattened (of varying degrees depending on the genus) heads, with most genera also having large orbits. Genera ''Arenipiscis'' From the Emsian of New South Wales, it is known from several scrappy remains. It had a narrow skull, and the dermal surfaces of the bony armor were covered in a pattern of fine, granular tubercles. ''Buchanosteus'' The type genus, species are found in Emsian-aged strata in Australia, China, and Kazakhstan. ''Errolosteus'' One of several Taemas-Weejasper buchanosteid genera, ''Errolosteus'' had a comparatively broad, short skull. ''Exutaspis'' A "giant" buchanosteid from Emsian-aged strata in China. The holotype, an endocran ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Buchanosteus
''Buchanosteus'' is an extinct genus of arthrodire placoderm. Its fossils have been found in Early Devonian-aged marine strata throughout Asia and Australia. It contains the following species: *''B. confertituberculatus'', the type species, is known from several specimens found from the Emsian-aged Taemas-Weejasper Reef in what is now New South Wales, Australia. It coexisted sympatrically with other buchanosteid genera there. *''B. guangxianensis'' is known primarily from a well-preserved, albeit incomplete endocranium from Pragian-aged deposits near Guangxi, China. It is compared to another buchanosteid, the "giant" '' Exutaspis'' from the late Emsian Wuding Formation in Yunnan. *''B. nuricus'' is known from one or two specimens from Emsian strata in the Qaranghandy Region in Kazakhstan, and named for the Nura River The Nura ( kk, Нұра, ''Nura''; russian: Нура) is a major watercourse of northeast-central Kazakhstan. It is long and drains an area of . Course The riv ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Animal
Animals are multicellular, eukaryotic organisms in the Kingdom (biology), biological kingdom Animalia. With few exceptions, animals Heterotroph, consume organic material, Cellular respiration#Aerobic respiration, breathe oxygen, are Motility, able to move, can Sexual reproduction, reproduce sexually, and go through an ontogenetic stage in which their body consists of a hollow sphere of Cell (biology), cells, the blastula, during Embryogenesis, embryonic development. Over 1.5 million Extant taxon, living animal species have been Species description, described—of which around 1 million are Insecta, insects—but it has been estimated there are over 7 million animal species in total. Animals range in length from to . They have Ecology, complex interactions with each other and their environments, forming intricate food webs. The scientific study of animals is known as zoology. Most living animal species are in Bilateria, a clade whose members have a Symmetry in biology#Bilate ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chordata
A chordate () is an animal of the phylum Chordata (). All chordates possess, at some point during their larval or adult stages, five synapomorphies, or primary physical characteristics, that distinguish them from all the other taxa. These five synapomorphies include a notochord, dorsal hollow nerve cord, endostyle or thyroid, pharyngeal slits, and a post-anal tail. The name “chordate” comes from the first of these synapomorphies, the notochord, which plays a significant role in chordate structure and movement. Chordates are also Bilateral symmetry, bilaterally symmetric, have a coelom, possess a circulatory system, and exhibit Metameric, metameric segmentation. In addition to the morphological characteristics used to define chordates, analysis of genome sequences has identified two conserved signature indels (CSIs) in their proteins: cyclophilin-like protein and mitochondrial inner membrane protease ATP23, which are exclusively shared by all vertebrates, tunicates and cep ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Placodermi
Placodermi (from Greek πλάξ 'plate' and δέρμα 'skin', literally 'Plate (animal anatomy), plate-skinned') is a Class (biology), class of armoured prehistoric fish, known from fossils, which lived from the Silurian to the end of the Devonian period. Their head and thorax were covered by articulated armoured plates and the rest of the body was scale (zoology), scaled or naked, depending on the species. Placoderms were among the first jawed fish; their Fish jaw, jaws likely evolved from the first of their gill arches. Placoderms are thought to be paraphyly, paraphyletic, consisting of several distinct Outgroup (cladistics), outgroups or sister taxon, sister taxa to all living jawed vertebrates, which originated among their ranks. In contrast, one 2016 analysis concluded that placodermi are likely monophyletic, though these analyses have been further dismissed with more transitional taxa between placoderms and modern gnathosthomes, solidifying their paraphyletic status. Plac ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arthrodira
Arthrodira (Greek for "jointed neck") is an order of extinct armored, jawed fishes of the class Placodermi that flourished in the Devonian period before their sudden extinction, surviving for about 50 million years and penetrating most marine ecological niches. Arthrodires were the largest and most diverse of all groups of Placoderms. Description Arthrodire placoderms are notable for the movable joint between armor surrounding their heads and bodies. Like all placoderms, they lacked distinct teeth; instead, they used the sharpened edges of a bony plate on their jawbone as a biting surface. The eye sockets are protected by a bony ring, a feature shared by birds and some ichthyosaurs. Early arthrodires, such as the genus ''Arctolepis'', were well-armoured fishes with flattened bodies. The largest member of this group, ''Dunkleosteus'', was a true superpredator of the latest Devonian period, reaching as much as 6 m in length. In contrast, the long-nosed ''Rolfosteus'' measured just ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Arthrodire
Arthrodira (Greek for "jointed neck") is an Order (biology), order of extinct armored, jawed fishes of the class Placodermi that flourished in the Devonian period before their sudden extinction, surviving for about 50 million years and penetrating most marine ecological niches. Arthrodires were the largest and most diverse of all groups of Placoderms. Description Arthrodire placoderms are notable for the movable joint between armor surrounding their heads and bodies. Like all placoderms, they lacked distinct teeth; instead, they used the sharpened edges of a bony plate on their jawbone as a biting surface. The eye sockets are protected by a bony ring, a feature shared by birds and some ichthyosaurs. Early arthrodires, such as the genus ''Arctolepis'', were well-armoured fishes with flattened bodies. The largest member of this group, ''Dunkleosteus'', was a true superpredator of the latest Devonian period, reaching as much as 6 m in length. In contrast, the long-nosed ''Rolfosteus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Emsian
The Emsian is one of three faunal stages in the Early Devonian Epoch. It lasted from 407.6 ± 2.6 million years ago to 393.3 ± 1.2 million years ago. It was preceded by the Pragian Stage and followed by the Eifelian Stage. It is named after the Ems river in Germany. The GSSP is located in the Zinzil'ban Gorge in the Kitab State Geological Reserve of Uzbekistan, above the contact with the Madmon Formation. In North America the Emsian Stage is represented by Sawkill or Sawkillian time. Biological events During this period, earliest known agoniatitid ammonoid fossils began appearing within this stage after first appearing in previous stage and began to evolutionarily radiate within this stage, in which a new ammonoid order Goniatitida rises in the end of Zlichovian stage (Siberian representation; corresponds to early Eifelian and after the end of Early Devonian, before 391.9 mya). Later agoniatitid ammonoids would die out in the Taghanic event in the upper middle Givetian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Epoch (geology)
The geologic time scale, or geological time scale, (GTS) is a representation of time based on the rock record of Earth. It is a system of chronological dating that uses chronostratigraphy (the process of relating strata to time) and geochronology (scientific branch of geology that aims to determine the age of rocks). It is used primarily by Earth scientists (including geologists, paleontologists, geophysicists, geochemists, and paleoclimatologists) to describe the timing and relationships of events in geologic history. The time scale has been developed through the study of rock layers and the observation of their relationships and identifying features such as lithologies, paleomagnetic properties, and fossils. The definition of standardized international units of geologic time is the responsibility of the International Commission on Stratigraphy (ICS), a constituent body of the International Union of Geological Sciences (IUGS), whose primary objective is to precisely define gl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phlyctaeniid
Phlyctaeniidae is an extinct family of placoderm fishes that lived during the Devonian period, mainly in Norway and North America. Phylogeny ORDER ARTHRODIRA * Infraorder Actinolepina ** Family Actinolepidae * Suborder Phlyctaenioidei ** Family Holonematidae ** Infraorder Phlyctaeniina *** Family Groenlandaspididae ''Groenlandaspis'' is an extinct genus of arthrodire from the Late Devonian. Fossils of the different species are found in late Devonian strata in all continents except eastern Asia. The generic name commemorates the fact that the first specimen ... *** Family Phlyctaeniidae References Placoderm families {{Placoderm-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
