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Expected Progress
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Expected may refer to: *Expectation (epistemic) *Expected value *Expected shortfall *Expected utility hypothesis *Expected return *Expected loss ;See also *Unexpected (other) *Expected value (other) Expected value is a term used in probability theory and statistics. It may also refer to: Physics * Expectation value (quantum mechanics), the probabilistic expected value of the result (measurement) of an experiment Decision theory and quantit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Expectation (epistemic)
In the case of uncertainty, expectation is what is considered the most likely to happen. An expectation, which is a belief that is centered on the future, may or may not be realistic. A less advantageous result gives rise to the emotion of disappointment. If something happens that is not at all expected, it is a surprise. An expectation about the behavior or performance of another person, expressed to that person, may have the nature of a strong request, or an order; this kind of expectation is called a social norm. The degree to which something is expected to be true can be expressed using fuzzy logic. Anticipation is the emotion corresponding to expectation. Expectations of well-being Richard Lazarus asserts that people become accustomed to positive or negative life experiences which lead to favorable or unfavorable expectations of their present and near-future circumstances. Lazarus notes the widely accepted philosophical principle that "happiness depends on the background p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Expected Value
In probability theory, the expected value (also called expectation, expectancy, mathematical expectation, mean, average, or first moment) is a generalization of the weighted average. Informally, the expected value is the arithmetic mean of a large number of independently selected outcomes of a random variable. The expected value of a random variable with a finite number of outcomes is a weighted average of all possible outcomes. In the case of a continuum of possible outcomes, the expectation is defined by integration. In the axiomatic foundation for probability provided by measure theory, the expectation is given by Lebesgue integration. The expected value of a random variable is often denoted by , , or , with also often stylized as or \mathbb. History The idea of the expected value originated in the middle of the 17th century from the study of the so-called problem of points, which seeks to divide the stakes ''in a fair way'' between two players, who have to end th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Expected Shortfall
Expected shortfall (ES) is a risk measure—a concept used in the field of financial risk measurement to evaluate the market risk or credit risk of a portfolio. The "expected shortfall at q% level" is the expected return on the portfolio in the worst q\% of cases. ES is an alternative to value at risk that is more sensitive to the shape of the tail of the loss distribution. Expected shortfall is also called conditional value at risk (CVaR), average value at risk (AVaR), expected tail loss (ETL), and superquantile. ES estimates the risk of an investment in a conservative way, focusing on the less profitable outcomes. For high values of q it ignores the most profitable but unlikely possibilities, while for small values of q it focuses on the worst losses. On the other hand, unlike the discounted maximum loss, even for lower values of q the expected shortfall does not consider only the single most catastrophic outcome. A value of q often used in practice is 5%. Expected shortfall is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Expected Utility Hypothesis
The expected utility hypothesis is a popular concept in economics that serves as a reference guide for decisions when the payoff is uncertain. The theory recommends which option rational individuals should choose in a complex situation, based on their risk appetite and Preference, preferences. The expected utility hypothesis states an agent chooses between risky prospects by comparing expected utility values (i.e. the weighted sum of adding the respective utility values of payoffs multiplied by their probabilities). The summarised formula for expected utility is U(p)=\sum u(x_k)p_k where p_k is the probability that outcome indexed by k with payoff x_k is realized, and function ''u'' expresses the utility of each respective payoff. On a graph, the curvature of u will explain the agent's risk attitude. For example, if an agent derives 0 utils from 0 apples, 2 utils from one apple, and 3 utils from two apples, their expected utility for a 50–50 gamble between zero apples and two is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Expected Return
The expected return (or expected gain) on a financial investment is the expected value of its return (of the profit on the investment). It is a measure of the center of the distribution of the random variable that is the return. It is calculated by using the following formula: :E \sum_^R_P_ where :: R_ is the return in scenario i; ::P_ is the probability for the return R_ in scenario i; and ::n is the number of scenarios. The expected rate of return is the expected return per currency unit (e.g., dollar) invested. It is computed as the expected return divided by the amount invested. The required rate of return is what an investor would require to be compensated for the risk borne by holding the asset; "expected return" is often used in this sense, as opposed to the more formal, mathematical, sense above. Application Although the above represents what one expects the return to be, it only refers to the long-term average. In the short term, any of the various scenarios could occu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Expected Loss
Expected loss is the sum of the values of all possible losses, each multiplied by the probability of that loss occurring. In bank lending (homes, autos, credit cards, commercial lending, etc.) the expected loss on a loan varies over time for a number of reasons. Most loans are repaid over time and therefore have a declining outstanding amount to be repaid. Additionally, loans are typically backed up by pledged collateral whose value changes ''differently'' over time vs. the outstanding loan value. Three factors are relevant in analyzing expected loss: *Probability of default (PD) * Exposure at default (EAD) *Loss given default (LGD) Simple example * Original home value $100, loan to value 80%, loan amount $80 ** outstanding loan $75 ** current home value $70 ** liquidation cost $10 * Loss given default = Magnitude of likely loss on the exposure / Exposure at default ** -$75 loan receivable write off Exposure at default ** +$70 house sold ** -$10 liquidation cost paid = ** -$15 L ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Unexpected (other)
Unexpected may refer to: Film and television * ''Unexpected'' (2005 film), an Italian documentary directed by Domenico Distilo * ''Unexpected'' (2015 film), an American film directed by Kris Swanberg * ''The Unexpected'' (TV series), a 1950s TV anthology series * "Unexpected" (''Heroes''), a television episode * "Unexpected" (''Star Trek: Enterprise''), a television episode Literature * ''The Unexpected'' (1968 comic book), a 1968–1982 DC Comics horror-fantasy series, a continuation of ''Tales of the Unexpected'' * ''The Unexpected'' (2018 comic book), a 2018–2019 DC Comics superhero series * ''The Unexpected'' (novel), a 2000 ''Animorphs'' novel by K.A. Applegate Music * ''Unexpected'' (Angie Stone album) or the title song, 2008 * ''Unexpected'' (Levina album), 2017 * ''Unexpected'' (Lumidee album), 2007 * ''Unexpected'' (Michelle Williams album) or the title song, 2008 * ''Unexpected'' (Sandy Mölling album) or the title song (see below), 2004 *''Unexpected'', an albu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
