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Expectation Maximisation
Expectation or Expectations may refer to: Science * Expectation (epistemic) * Expected value, in mathematical probability theory * Expectation value (quantum mechanics) * Expectation–maximization algorithm, in statistics Music * ''Expectation'' (album), a 2013 album by Girl's Day * ''Expectation'', a 2006 album by Matt Harding * ''Expectations'' (Keith Jarrett album), 1971 * ''Expectations'' (Dance Exponents album), 1985 * ''Expectations'' (Hayley Kiyoko album), 2018 **"Expectations/Overture", a song from the album * ''Expectations'' (Bebe Rexha album), 2018 * ''Expectations'' (Katie Pruitt album), 2020 **"Expectations", a song from the album * "Expectation" (waltz), a 1980 waltz composed by Ilya Herold Lavrentievich Kittler * "Expectation" (song), a 2010 song by Tame Impala * "Expectations" (song), a 2018 song by Lauren Jauregui * "Expectations", a song by Three Days Grace from ''Transit of Venus'', 2012 See also *''Great Expectations'', a novel by Charles Dickens *''X ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Expectation (epistemic)
In the case of uncertainty, expectation is what is considered the most likely to happen. An expectation, which is a belief that is centered on the future, may or may not be realistic. A less advantageous result gives rise to the emotion of disappointment. If something happens that is not at all expected, it is a surprise. An expectation about the behavior or performance of another person, expressed to that person, may have the nature of a strong request, or an order; this kind of expectation is called a social norm. The degree to which something is expected to be true can be expressed using fuzzy logic. Anticipation is the emotion corresponding to expectation. Expectations of well-being Richard Lazarus asserts that people become accustomed to positive or negative life experiences which lead to favorable or unfavorable expectations of their present and near-future circumstances. Lazarus notes the widely accepted philosophical principle that "happiness depends on the background p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Expected Value
In probability theory, the expected value (also called expectation, expectancy, mathematical expectation, mean, average, or first moment) is a generalization of the weighted average. Informally, the expected value is the arithmetic mean of a large number of independently selected outcomes of a random variable. The expected value of a random variable with a finite number of outcomes is a weighted average of all possible outcomes. In the case of a continuum of possible outcomes, the expectation is defined by integration. In the axiomatic foundation for probability provided by measure theory, the expectation is given by Lebesgue integration. The expected value of a random variable is often denoted by , , or , with also often stylized as or \mathbb. History The idea of the expected value originated in the middle of the 17th century from the study of the so-called problem of points, which seeks to divide the stakes ''in a fair way'' between two players, who have to end th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Expectation Value (quantum Mechanics)
In quantum mechanics, the expectation value is the probabilistic expected value of the result (measurement) of an experiment. It can be thought of as an average of all the possible outcomes of a measurement as weighted by their likelihood, and as such it is not the ''most'' probable value of a measurement; indeed the expectation value may have zero probability of occurring (e.g. measurements which can only yield integer values may have a non-integer mean). It is a fundamental concept in all areas of quantum physics. Operational definition Consider an operator A. The expectation value is then \langle A \rangle = \langle \psi , A , \psi \rangle in Dirac notation with , \psi \rangle a normalized state vector. Formalism in quantum mechanics In quantum theory, an experimental setup is described by the observable A to be measured, and the state \sigma of the system. The expectation value of A in the state \sigma is denoted as \langle A \rangle_\sigma. Mathematically, A is a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Expectation–maximization Algorithm
In statistics, an expectation–maximization (EM) algorithm is an iterative method to find (local) maximum likelihood or maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimates of parameters in statistical models, where the model depends on unobserved latent variables. The EM iteration alternates between performing an expectation (E) step, which creates a function for the expectation of the log-likelihood evaluated using the current estimate for the parameters, and a maximization (M) step, which computes parameters maximizing the expected log-likelihood found on the ''E'' step. These parameter-estimates are then used to determine the distribution of the latent variables in the next E step. History The EM algorithm was explained and given its name in a classic 1977 paper by Arthur Dempster, Nan Laird, and Donald Rubin. They pointed out that the method had been "proposed many times in special circumstances" by earlier authors. One of the earliest is the gene-counting method for estimating allele ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Expectation (album)
''Expectation'' () is the first studio album by South Korean girl group Girl's Day. The album was released on March 14, 2013, with the song "Expect" (; ''Gidaehae'') serving as the promotional track. The album's release date coincides with White Day. The album was re-released under the title ''Female President'' on June 24, 2013. The song "Female President" (여자 대통령; ''Yeoja Daetongryeong''), was used as the re-release's promotional track. Background The album was initially slated for a February 2013 release, however, it was delayed until March 14 for unknown reasons. On March 5, 2013, it was reported that member Yura will be the female lead for the group's music video for "Expect". The album was available for pre-order on South Korean online music stores on March 7, 2013, revealing the album cover and track list. On March 9, a 30-second music video preview for "Expect" was aired on the SBS variety show ''Star King'', showing a more mature and sexy side to them. The offi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Matt Harding (musician)
Matt Harding (born 1975) is a British musician, whose music has been described as "scuzzy electronic folk" with "lo-fi beats". Hailing from Northampton but based in London, Harding has released three albums on . Discography Albums *''Tomorrow'' ( Moshi Moshi, 2001) *''Commitment'' (Moshi Moshi, 2003) *''Expectation'' (Moshi Moshi, 2006) *"Year" (Reluctancy, 2009) *"Motifs"(Reluctancey 2014) * “Rooms” (Reluctancey 2020) * “ Sharp Keys Pull Minds “ (Relucta ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Expectations (Keith Jarrett Album)
''Expectations'' is an album recorded by Keith Jarrett in 1972 and released on Columbia Records the same year. In addition to Jarrett, musicians on the recording include his "American quartet": Dewey Redman on tenor saxophone, Charlie Haden on bass, and Paul Motian on drums. Also featured are Sam Brown on electric guitar, Airto on percussion, as well as brass and string sections whose members are not credited in the album information. ''Expectations'' was produced by George Avakian, Jarrett's manager since 1966. Carr, Ian. ''Keith Jarrett: The Man and His Music'' (New York: Da Capo, 1992), p. 41. In January 1999 Jarrett wrote that " 'Expectations''is a very special recording for me, and the only release that ties so many of the feelings I had about music together in such a rich, varied and coherent weave."Expectations: 1999 CD reissue at DiscogKeith Jarrett: Expectations, Columbia Legacyaccessed September 2020 The album was awarded the Grand Prix du Disque in 1972.Carr, Ian. '' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Expectations (Dance Exponents Album)
''Expectations'' is the second studio album by the New Zealand band the Dance Exponents, released in 1985. The album peaked at #7 and spent eight weeks on the New Zealand Album chart. The album was released on CD in 1999 with three extra tracks but has since been deleted. In May 2013, Universal Music re-released the album digitally in New Zealand in remastered standard and deluxe editions. The deluxe edition has six additional tracks of singles, B-sides, rarities and demos. Track listing #"These Oceans Wave & Tide Us In" (Jones/Luck) #"Christchurch (In Cashel St. I Wait)" (Gent/Jones/Luck) #"Running, Running Through The Rainforest" (Luck) #"Prayers Be Answered" (Luck) #"Ashend Ashend Autumn Leaves" (Luck/Sheehan) #"Only I Could Die (And Love You Still)" (Luck/Sheehan) #"Weeping Soul" (Luck) #"Losing The Sun, the Moon and You" (Luck) #"My Love For You" (Jones/Luck) #"Skies Of Sunset" (Luck) #"Greater Hopes, Greater Expectations" (Luck) Additional tracks on 2013 digital deluxe editi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Expectations (Hayley Kiyoko Album)
''Expectations'' is the debut major label studio album by American singer and actress Hayley Kiyoko, released on March 30, 2018. The album title was announced along with its cover on January 1, 2018 through social media. The album was preceded by the singles "Sleepover", "Feelings" and "Curious". ''Expectations'' garnered mostly positive reviews from music critics. The album debuted within the top 40 of record charts in Ireland, New Zealand, United Kingdom and United States. Singles ''Expectations'' was preceded by the release of three singles, as well as one promotional single. The first single called "Sleepover" was released on March 2, 2017 along its music video, directed by Kiyoko herself, via BuzzFeed. The second single, "Feelings" was released on October 19, 2017 along its self-directed music video. "Curious" was released as the third single on January 11, 2018, with the pre-order of the album and, as the previous singles, along its music video, directed by Kiyoko herself and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Expectations (Bebe Rexha Album)
''Expectations'' is the debut studio album by American singer Bebe Rexha. It was released on June 22, 2018, by Warner Bros. Records. The album was announced following the success of her collaboration with country duo Florida Georgia Line, " Meant to Be". ''Expectations'' went out for pre-order on April 13, 2018, with the release of two promotional singles: "Ferrari" and "2 Souls on Fire". The album includes the singles " I Got You" and " Meant to Be" from '' All Your Fault: Pt. 1'' and '' All Your Fault: Pt. 2'', respectively. It features appearances from rappers Quavo and Tory Lanez, and country duo Florida Georgia Line. ''Expectations'' received generally positive reviews from music critics, who praised its production and Rexha's vocal performance, while others criticized its lyricism. The album debuted at number thirteen on the US ''Billboard'' 200 chart, earning 24,000 album-equivalent units (including 10,000 copies as pure album sales) in its first week. As of January 2019, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Expectations (Katie Pruitt Album)
''Expectations'' is the debut studio album by American singer-songwriter Katie Pruitt, released by Rounder Records on February 21, 2020. The album has received positive reviews from critics. The album is made up of compositions about Pruitt's life. On November 24, 2020, ''Expectations'' was nominated for a Grammy for Best Engineered Album, Non-Classical. Reception Album of the Year characterized the critical consensus as a 75 out of 100. For '' Paste'', Eric R. Danton gave ''Expectations'' a seven out of 10, praising the emotional depth of the lyrics but criticizing formulaic songwriting and some lyrics that fall flat. Sam Sodomsky of ''Pitchfork'' gave it the same rating, writing that it has strong arrangements and stately ballads. In ''Exclaim!'', Scott Roos gave it an eight out of 10 for truth-telling lyrics and a "first-rate" band. ''American Songwriter''s Hal Horowitz scored ''Expectations'' at four out of five for wise production that accentuates her lyrics, along with a ba ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Expectation (waltz)
"Expectation" (Russian: ожидание) is a Russian song composed by Herold Lavrentievich Kittler (Герольд Лаврентьевич Китлер). The only thing known about the author is that he served as a conductor of the 6th Tavrichesky Grenadier Regiment in the year 1914. The origin of this piece is nebulous, as many Klezmer orchestras know this song as a Yiddish piece () and plenty of Russians claim this is a Soviet Army song. An even less well known song that goes by the name Awaiting uses the same melody with Russian lyrics. The original version of the song was written in F Minor and B♭ minor while the Klezmer version for the accordion and clarinet is in D Minor or E Minor. Expectation is mostly made of minor notes along with relative minor thirds and sub-4th octaves, adding to its solemnity. This piece has been featured in many places, such as the Russian film "The Optimistic Tragedy" and a famous Klezmer player Dave Tarras Dave Tarras (c. 1895 – February 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
