|
Exercise Spring Train
Exercise Spring Train (also referred to as Springtrain) was an annual Royal Navy-led NATO maritime exercise conducted in the Eastern Atlantic. It is most notable for the 1982 exercise which involved seven warships that were subsequently sent to the South Atlantic after the Argentine invasion of the Falkland Islands. Because the vessels involved already had full crews and were able to crossdeck supplies from other ships in the exercise the British response was more rapid than would have otherwise been possible. Two of the vessels involved in the exercise, the Type 42 destroyers ''Sheffield'' and ''Coventry'', were sunk during the war. There has been speculation that some of the ships sent to the Falklands from Exercise Spring Train were carrying tactical nuclear weapons, which were routinely carried when on NATO deployments. The 1983 edition of the exercise was criticised by the Spanish and Soviet government who considered it provocative. Early exercises The ''Amphion''-c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
HMS Sheffield (D80)
HMS ''Sheffield'' was a Type 42 guided missile destroyer and the second Royal Navy ship to be named after the city of Sheffield in Yorkshire. Commissioned on 16 February 1975 the ''Sheffield'' was part of the Task Force 317 sent to the Falkland Islands during the Falklands War. She was struck and heavily damaged by an Exocet air-launched anti-ship missile from an Argentine Super Étendard aircraft on 4 May 1982 and foundered while under tow on 10 May 1982. Design The first of the Type 42 class, ''Sheffield'', was initially fitted with the odd-looking "Mickey Mouse" ears on her funnel tops which were in fact exhaust deflectors - "Loxton bends" - for the Rolls-Royce Olympus TM3B gas turbines, to guide the high-temperature exhaust efflux sidewards and minimise damage to overhead aerials. As this provided a prominent target for then-new infrared homing missiles, only ''Sheffield'' and the next two in the class, the Argentinian ''Hércules'' and ''Santísima Trinidad'', had the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Knox-class Frigate
The 46 ''Knox''-class frigates were the largest, last, and most numerous of the US Navy's second-generation anti-submarine warfare (ASW) escorts. Originally laid down as ocean escorts (formerly called destroyer escorts), they were all redesignated as frigates on 30 June 1975, in the 1975 ship reclassification plan and their hull designation changed from 'DE' to 'FF'. The ''Knox'' class was the Navy's last destroyer-type design with a steam turbine powerplant. Due to their unequal comparison to destroyers then in service (larger size with lower speed and only a single screw and 5-inch gun), they became known to a generation of destroyermen as "McNamara's Folly." These ships were retired from the US Navy at the end of the Cold War due to their relatively high running costs, a declining defense budget, and the need for ships with a more advanced anti-submarine capability. None of the ships served more than 23 years in the US Navy, and by 1994, all of the class had been retired, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
HMS Arrow (F173) Underway C1982
Seven ships of the Royal Navy have been named HMS ''Arrow'', after the projectile: * , a 20-gun sloop launched in 1796 that the French frigates and captured near Gibraltar on 4 February 1805; she sank the same day * , a 14-gun cutter launched at Deptford Dockyard on 7 September 1805, and converted to a breakwater in May 1815. Broken up in May 1828. * , a 10-gun cutter launched at Portsmouth on 14 March 1823 and broken up in January 1852. * , a 477-ton wooden screw dispatch vessel launched at Leamouth on 26 June 1854 and sold on 19 May 1862. * , an ''Ant''-class iron gunboat launched at Greenwich on 22 April 1871 and sold on 1 March 1922. * , launched 1929, was an destroyer that served in World War II and was damaged beyond repair in Algiers harbour in 1944 when an ammunition ship exploded. The hulk was broken up in May 1949. * , launched 1974, was a Type 21 frigate that served in the Falklands War. She was sold to Pakistan in 1994 and renamed . The Royal Australian Navy 146- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Royal Naval Reserve
The Royal Naval Reserve (RNR) is one of the two volunteer reserve forces of the Royal Navy in the United Kingdom. Together with the Royal Marines Reserve, they form the Maritime Reserve. The present RNR was formed by merging the original Royal Naval Reserve, created in 1859, and the Royal Naval Volunteer Reserve (RNVR), created in 1903. The Royal Naval Reserve has seen action in World War I, World War II, the Iraq War, and War in Afghanistan. History Establishment The Royal Naval Reserve (RNR) has its origins in the Register of Seamen, established in 1835 to identify men for naval service in the event of war, although just 400 volunteered for duty in the Crimean War in 1854 out of 250,000 on the Register. This led to a Royal Commission on Manning the Navy in 1858, which in turn led to the Naval Reserve Act of 1859. This established the RNR as a reserve of professional seamen from the British Merchant Navy and fishing fleets, who could be called upon during times of war ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
HMS Glasserton (M1141)
The Ton class were coastal minesweepers built in the 1950s for the Royal Navy, but also used by other navies such as the South African Navy and the Royal Australian Navy. They were intended to meet the threat of seabed mines laid in shallow coastal waters, rivers, ports and harbours, a task for which the existing ocean-going minesweepers of the ''Algerine''-class were not suited. Description The design of the class drew on lessons learnt in the Second World War when it became apparent that minelaying in coastal waters was more effective than in the deep sea; the existing fleet minesweepers were not well suited to deal with this threat. Design started at the Naval Construction Department in Bath in 1947 and the first ship was ordered in September 1950; the class eventually numbered 119 vessels. The lead constructor was John I. Thornycroft & Company, although Ton-class vessels were also built at fifteen other yards. They were diesel powered vessels of 440 tons displacement f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ton-class Minesweeper
The Ton class were coastal minesweepers built in the 1950s for the Royal Navy, but also used by other navies such as the South African Navy and the Royal Australian Navy. They were intended to meet the threat of seabed mines laid in shallow coastal waters, rivers, ports and harbours, a task for which the existing ocean-going minesweepers of the ''Algerine''-class were not suited. Description The design of the class drew on lessons learnt in the Second World War when it became apparent that minelaying in coastal waters was more effective than in the deep sea; the existing fleet minesweepers were not well suited to deal with this threat. Design started at the Naval Construction Department in Bath in 1947 and the first ship was ordered in September 1950; the class eventually numbered 119 vessels. The lead constructor was John I. Thornycroft & Company, although Ton-class vessels were also built at fifteen other yards. They were diesel powered vessels of 440 tons displacement fu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
RFA Olna (A123)
RFA ''Olna'' (A123) was the third and final of the three ''Ol''-class "fast fleet tanker" of the Royal Fleet Auxiliary. ''Olna'' saw service in the Falklands War. Background Her design was a development of the ''Tide''-class ships of the late 1950s. She was commissioned in 1966 and served in the RFA for 34 years. ''Olna'' was the third ship of the Royal Fleet Auxiliary to bear the name. Operational history ''Olna'' entered service as the UK was pulling back from its final large imperial garrisons. Much of the ship's early life was spent supporting routine deployments around the world. 1967-1968 In Operation Magister, ''Olna'' was part of the fleet covering the final British military withdrawal from Aden, along with nine other RFAs. Falklands War In 1982 ''Olna'' left for the South Atlantic as part of the second wave of ships to leave the UK during the Falklands War. That group was centred on the destroyer HMS ''Bristol''. Once ''Olna'' reached theatre, her time was prima ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
RFA Fort Rosalie (A385)
RFA ''Fort Rosalie'' was the lead ship of her class of Royal Fleet Auxiliary fleet replenishment ships. ''Fort Rosalie'' was originally named RFA ''Fort Grange'', but was renamed in May 2000 to avoid confusion with the now-decommissioned . On 31 March 2021, the ship was withdrawn from service. Construction and design In November 1971, two Fleet Replenishment ships of a new class were ordered for the Royal Fleet Auxiliary. ''Fort Grange'' was laid down by the shipbuilder Scott Lithgow at their shipyard at Greenock on the River Clyde on 9 November 1973, was launched on 9 December 1976 and commissioned on 6 April 1978. The ship is long overall, and length between perpendiculars, with a beam of and a draught of . Displacement is full load, with a gross register tonnage of 16079 t, a net register tonnage of 6729 t and a deadweight tonnage of 8300 t. The ship is powered by a single 8-cylinder Sulzer RND80 diesel engine, rated at , which drive a single propeller shaft, givi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
HMS Rothesay (F107)
HMS ''Rothesay'' was the lead ship of the ''Rothesay'' or Type 12M class of anti-submarine frigates of the British Royal Navy. She was commissioned in 1960 and scrapped in 1988. Design The ''Rothesay''-class was an improved version of the anti-submarine frigate, with nine ''Rothesay''s ordered in the 1954–55 shipbuilding programme for the Royal Navy to supplement the six ''Whitby''s. ''Rothesay'' was long overall and between perpendiculars, with a beam of and a draught of . The ''Rothesay''s were powered by the same Y-100 machinery used by the ''Whitby'' class. Two Babcock & Wilcox water-tube boilers fed steam at and to two sets of geared steam turbines which drove two propeller shafts, fitted with large ( diameter) slow-turning propellers. The machinery was rated at , giving a speed of . Crew was about 212 officers and men. A twin 4.5-inch (113 mm) Mark 6 gun mount was fitted forward, with 350 rounds of ammunition carried. It was originally intended to fit a twi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Type 12M Frigate
The ''Rothesay'' class, or Type 12M frigates were a class of frigates serving with the Royal Navy, South African Navy (where they were called President-class frigates) and the Royal New Zealand Navy.Purvis,M.K., 'Post War RN Frigate and Guided Missile Destroyer Design 1944–1969', Transactions, Royal Institution of Naval Architects (RINA), 1974Marriott,Leo, 'Royal Navy Frigates Since 1945', Second Edition, , Published by Ian Allan Ltd (Surrey, UK), 1990 The original Type 12 frigates, the , were designed as first-rate ocean-going convoy escorts in the light of experience gained during World War II. However, such were the capabilities and potential of the design that it was deemed suitable for use as a fast fleet anti-submarine warfare escort. As such, a repeat and improved Type 12 design was prepared, known as the Type 12M (M for "modified") and called the ''Rothesay'' class after the lead ship. A total of twelve vessels were constructed, with the lead ship being laid down in 1 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
HMS Newcastle (D87)
The eighth HMS ''Newcastle'' was a batch 1 Type 42 destroyer of the Royal Navy, launched in 1975. ''Newcastle'' was decommissioned on 1 February 2005. Operational service On 12 May 1992, ''Newcastle'' deployed with the ''Orient '92'' group HMS Invincible, HMS Boxer, HMS Norfolk and RFA Olwen to the Far East. During this time she partook in Joint Exercises in the Malacca Straits and carried out diplomatic visits to The Seychelles, Singapore, Hong Kong, Japan and the Philippines. She returned on 27 November 1992. In 1993, ''Newcastle'' undertook exercises in the northern fjords of Norway during Exercise Battle Griffin '93 and undertook Fleet Ready Escort duties. On 8 September 1993 she deployed for ''Southlant'' duties as Falkland Islands Guardship. En route, she called in at Abidjan, Cote d'Ivoire and spent Christmas and New Year in and around the Falkland Island patrol areas. She was relieved by the Leander Class Frigate HMS Scylla and returned to UK via the Patagonian Canal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
HMS London (D16)
HMS ''London'' was a destroyer of the Royal Navy. Construction and design ''London'' was one of two County-class destroyers ordered under the British Admiralty's 1956–57 shipbuilding programme. She was laid down at Swan Hunter's Wallsend, Tyne and Wear shipyard on 26 February 1960 and launched by Princess Alice, Duchess of Gloucester on 7 December 1961. The ship was completed on 14 November 1963. ''London'' was long overall and between perpendiculars, with a beam of and a draught of . Displacement was normal and deep load. The ship was propelled by a combination of steam turbines and gas turbines in a Combined steam and gas (COSAG) arrangement, driving two propeller shafts. Each shaft could by driven by a single steam turbine (fed with steam at and from Babcock & Wilcox boilers) and two Metrovick G6 gas turbines (each rated at ), with the gas turbines being used for high speeds and to allow a quick departure from ports without waiting for steam to be raised. M ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
.jpg "Click for more on -> Exercise Spring Train")
.jpg "Click for more on -> HMS Glasserton (M1141)")
_underway_c1982.JPEG/1200px-RFA_Fort_Grange_(A385)_underway_c1982.JPEG "Click for more on -> RFA Fort Rosalie (A385)")
_MOD_45139938.jpg "Click for more on -> Type 12M Frigate")
