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Ex-Haredi
Off the ''derech'' ( he, דֶּרֶךְ, pronounced: , meaning: path) (OTD) is a Yeshiva-English expression used to describe a Jew who has left an Orthodox Jewish community. Despite its negative connotation in insinuating that the exiter has left a single acceptable path, the term has been reclaimed and used by some OTD individuals and groups to self describe. "Off the ''derech''" as a term applies to a broad range of formerly Orthodox Jewish individuals including those who leave Hasidic communities, other types of Haredi communities, and Modern Orthodox communities, and whose new lifestyles can be other forms of Judaism, or no religion at all. Leaving the ultra Orthodox community is largely reported to be a hard experience emotionally, socially and financially, often involving multiple risks and losses. There is a wide and varied array of reasons given for leaving. A significant number of studies seek to examine these reasons, and the combination of their findings suggests t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yeshivish
Yeshivish (), also known as Yeshiva English, Yeshivisheh Shprach, or Yeshivisheh Reid, is a sociolect of English spoken by Yeshiva students and other Jews with a strong connection to the Orthodox Yeshiva world. "Yeshivish" may also refer to non-Hasidic Haredi Jews. Sometimes it has an extra connotation of non-Hasidic Haredi Jews educated in yeshiva and whose education made a noticeable specific cultural impact onto them. In the latter case the term has ambivalent (both positive and negative) connotations comparable to these of the term "academic". The term appears to be a portmanteau word of ''yeshiva'' and ''English'', however, it may simply be formed from ''yeshiva'' + the adjectival suffix ''-ish''. Research Only a few serious studies have been written about Yeshivish. The first is a master's thesis by Steven Ray Goldfarb (University of Texas at El Paso, 1979) called "A Sampling of Lexical Items in Yeshiva English." The work lists, defines, and provides examples for nearly ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Decentralization
Decentralization or decentralisation is the process by which the activities of an organization, particularly those regarding planning and decision making, are distributed or delegated away from a central, authoritative location or group. Concepts of decentralization have been applied to group dynamics and management science in private businesses and organizations, political science, law and public administration, economics, money and technology. History The word "''centralisation''" came into use in France in 1794 as the post-French Revolution, Revolution French Directory leadership created a new government structure. The word "''décentralisation''" came into usage in the 1820s. "Centralization" entered written English in the first third of the 1800s; mentions of decentralization also first appear during those years. In the mid-1800s Alexis de Tocqueville, Tocqueville would write that the French Revolution began with "a push towards decentralization...[but became,] in the e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Molestation
Sexual abuse or sex abuse, also referred to as molestation, is abusive sexual behavior by one person upon another. It is often perpetrated using force or by taking advantage of another. Molestation often refers to an instance of sexual assault against a small child, whereas sexual abuse is a term used for a persistent pattern of sexual assaults. The offender is referred to as a sexual abuser or (often pejoratively) molester. The term also covers behavior by an adult or older adolescent towards a child to stimulate any of the involved sexually. The use of a child, or other individuals younger than the age of consent, for sexual stimulation is referred to as child sexual abuse or statutory rape. Live streaming sexual abuse involves trafficking and coerced sexual acts and or rape in real time on webcam. Victims Spouses Spousal sexual abuse is a form of domestic violence. When the abuse involves threats of unwanted sexual contact or forced sex by a woman's husband or ex-hus ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Faranak Margolese
Faranak Margolese ( he, פאראנאק מרגוליס, born 1972) is an American-Israeli writer, best known as the author of ''Off the Derech'', a book about contemporary assimilation in the Orthodox Jewish world. Early life and education Margolese was born in Manchester, England, in 1972,Daphna Berman"Finding your own way on the religious path,"'' Haaretz'', December 23, 2005. the great-granddaughter of the former Chief Rabbi of Tehran, Iran.Frances Kraft, "Author Explores Reasons for Lapses in Jewish Observance," '' Canadian Jewish News'', March 2, 2006. She was raised in Los Angeles, California, to Persian immigrant parents in a traditional Sephardi Jewish household. She graduated from Yeshiva University High School of Los Angeles,Orit Arfa"New book tries to keep Orthodox, well, Orthodox,"''The Jewish Journal of Greater Los Angeles'', September 21, 2006. received a BA in philosophy from Stern College and a Master of Fine Arts in nonfiction creative writing from Columbia Uni ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lynn Davidman
Lynn Rita Davidman (born 1955) is an American sociologist. She is the distinguished professor of modern Jewish studies and professor of sociology at the University of Kansas. Early life and education Davidman was born in New York City to a Modern Orthodox Jewish family. After her mother's death when she was 13 years old, Davidman began to question her religious upbringing, which caused a divide between her and her family. She majored in psychology and religion at Barnard College and later earned a master's degree from the University of Chicago Divinity School and PhD from Brandeis University in 1986. Career After earning her PhD, Davidman was hired as an assistant professor of sociology by the University of Pittsburgh. While there, she published ''Tradition in a Rootless World: Women Turn to Orthodox Judaism'' through the University of California Press. The book examined why secular women turn Orthodox by comparing the lives of those at a Lubavitch women's seminary in St. P ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Religious Disaffiliation
Religious disaffiliation is the act of leaving a faith, or a religious group or community. It is in many respects the reverse of religious conversion. Several other terms are used for this process, though each of these terms may have slightly different meanings and connotations. Researchers employ a variety of terms to describe disaffiliation, including defection, apostasy and disengagement. This is in contrast to excommunication, which is disaffiliation from a religious organization imposed punitively on a member, rather than willfully undertaken by the member. If religious affiliation was a big part of a leaver's social life and identity, then leaving can be a wrenching experience, and some religious groups aggravate the process with hostile reactions and shunning.McGuire, Meredith B. "Religion: the Social Context" fifth edition (2002) Chapter Three:the individual's religion, section disengagement Some people who were not particularly religious see leaving as not ‘all that ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Institute For Jewish Policy Research
The Institute for Jewish Policy Research (JPR), founded as the Institute of Jewish Affairs, is a London-based research institute and think tank. It specializes in contemporary Jewish affairs. JPR also runs a public education programme, and has hosted lectures from Chief Rabbi Lord Sacks, James Wolfensohn, Professor Jonathan Sarna and Professor Zygmunt Bauman. History The institute was founded in New York in 1941, under the auspices of the World Jewish Congress and the American Jewish Congress, as a research institute to provide analysis of political, legal and economic issues affecting Jewish life. The institute's founder Dr Jacob Robinson argued that Jewish leaders, struggling for the interests of the Jewry after World War I, “were hampered by the lack of up-to-date information on the situation of the Jews and no less by the lack of research into relevant legal and political options.” The IJA was established to bridge the gap. The institute's research focused on the analysis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pew Research Center
The Pew Research Center is a nonpartisan American think tank (referring to itself as a "fact tank") based in Washington, D.C. It provides information on social issues, public opinion, and demographic trends shaping the United States and the world. It also conducts public opinion polling, demographic research, random sample survey research and panel based surveys, media content analysis, and other empirical social science research. The Pew Research Center does not take policy positions, and is a subsidiary of The Pew Charitable Trusts. History In 1990, the Times Mirror Company founded the Times Mirror Center for the People & the Press as a research project, tasked with conducting polls on politics and policy. Andrew Kohut became its director in 1993, and The Pew Charitable Trusts became its primary sponsor in 1996, when it was renamed the Pew Research Center for the People & the Press. In 2004, the trust established the Pew Research Center in Washington, D.C. In 2013, Kohut ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Baal Teshuva
In Judaism, a ''ba'al teshuvah'' ( he, בעל תשובה; for a woman, , or ; plural, , , 'master of return God]') is a Jew who adopts some form of traditional religious observance after having previously followed a Jewish secularism, secular lifestyle or a less stringent form of Judaism. Originally, the term referred to a Jew who transgressed the ''halakhah'' (Jewish law) knowingly or unknowingly and completed a process of introspection to "return" to the full observance of God's '' mitzvot''. According to the ''Mishneh Torah'' of Maimonides, the Talmud says that a true ''ba'al teshuvah'' stands higher in ''shamayim'' (lit. 'heaven') than a "frum from birth", even higher than a tzadik: In modern times, the phrase is primarily used to refer to a Jew from a non-Orthodox background who becomes religiously observant in an Orthodox fashion. However, there is no strict definition of a ''ba'al teshuva'' and so the concept can also encompass Orthodox-leaning Jews who become stricter i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Baal Teshuva
In Judaism, a ''ba'al teshuvah'' ( he, בעל תשובה; for a woman, , or ; plural, , , 'master of return God]') is a Jew who adopts some form of traditional religious observance after having previously followed a Jewish secularism, secular lifestyle or a less stringent form of Judaism. Originally, the term referred to a Jew who transgressed the ''halakhah'' (Jewish law) knowingly or unknowingly and completed a process of introspection to "return" to the full observance of God's '' mitzvot''. According to the ''Mishneh Torah'' of Maimonides, the Talmud says that a true ''ba'al teshuvah'' stands higher in ''shamayim'' (lit. 'heaven') than a "frum from birth", even higher than a tzadik: In modern times, the phrase is primarily used to refer to a Jew from a non-Orthodox background who becomes religiously observant in an Orthodox fashion. However, there is no strict definition of a ''ba'al teshuva'' and so the concept can also encompass Orthodox-leaning Jews who become stricter i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Modern Hebrew
Modern Hebrew ( he, עברית חדשה, ''ʿivrít ḥadašá ', , '' lit.'' "Modern Hebrew" or "New Hebrew"), also known as Israeli Hebrew or Israeli, and generally referred to by speakers simply as Hebrew ( ), is the standard form of the Hebrew language spoken today. Spoken in ancient times, Ancient Hebrew, a member of the Canaanite branch of the Semitic language family, was supplanted as the Jewish vernacular by the western dialect of Aramaic beginning in the third century BCE, though it continued to be used as a liturgical and literary language. It was revived as a spoken language in the 19th and 20th centuries and is the official language of Israel. Of the Canaanite languages, Modern Hebrew is the only language spoken today. Modern Hebrew is spoken by about nine million people, counting native, fluent and non-fluent speakers. Most speakers are citizens of Israel: about five million are Israelis who speak Modern Hebrew as their native language, 1.5 million are immigra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hugs And Kisses
Hugs and kisses, abbreviated in North America as XO or XOXO, is an informal term used for expressing sincerity, faith, love, or good friendship at the end of a written letter, email or text message. In the United Kingdom, the phrase 'hugs and kisses' is widely used but XO or XOXO are not - even though O, 00 etc. for 'kisses' is also used. Origins The earliest attestation of the use of either ''x'' or ''o'' to indicate kisses identified by the ''Oxford English Dictionary'' appears in the English novellist Florence Montgomery's 1878 book ''Seaforth'', which mentions "This letter ..ends with the inevitable row of kisses,—sometimes expressed by × × × × ×, and sometimes by o o o o o o, according to the taste of the young scribbler". Here it appears that ''x'' and ''o'' are both ways to indicate a kiss. (Earlier versions of the dictionary identified an example from 1763, one Gil. White signing off a letter with "I am with many a xxxxxxx and many a Pater noster and Ave Maria, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
