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Evangelical Reformed Church In Šidski Banovci
Evangelical Reformed Church (german: Evangelisch-Reformierte Kirche Šidski Banovci, hr, Evangelička crkva u Šidskim Banovcima, sr-Cyrl, Евангелистичка црква у Шидским Бановцима) in Banovci in eastern Croatia was an historical Evangelical Reformed church of the local Danube Swabians community. Danube Swabians community was expelled from the village in 1944 at the end of the World War II in Yugoslavia in expulsion which took place all over Eastern and Central Europe. Following the expulsion the local Evangelical church was demolished. The church books of the parish are available for 1862-1954 period and were published in 1987 in Stuttgart. Lutheran Christmas Mass of 1859 First Protestant Danube Swabians settled in Banovci in 1859 where they initially relied on support of local Serbian Orthodox priest Uroš. As the northern part of historical region of Syrmia was predetermined for German Catholic colonists, and settlement in the biggest par ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Banovci, Vukovar-Srijem County
, sr, Mala Švicarska, en, Small Switzerland (Historical nickname) , native_name = , other_name = Šidski Banovci , image_map = Banovci.png , settlement_type = Village ( Selo) , image_skyline = ŠIDSKI BANOVCI.jpg , pushpin_map = Croatia Vukovar-Srijem County#Croatia#Europe , subdivision_type = Country , subdivision_name = , subdivision_type1 = Region , subdivision_name1 = Syrmia (Podunavlje) , subdivision_type2 = County , subdivision_name2 = , subdivision_type3 = Municipality , subdivision_name3 = Nijemci , governing_body = Local Committee , population_as_of = 2011 , population_footnotes = , population_total = 432 , timezone =CET , utc_offset = +1 , timezone_DST = CEST , utc_offset_DST = +2 , coordinates = , postal_code_type = Postal code , pos ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Germans Of Croatia
In Croatia, there are over 2,900 people who consider themselves German, most of these Danube Swabians. Germans are officially recognized as an autochthonous national minority, and as such, they elect a special representative to the Croatian Parliament, shared with members of eleven other national minorities. They are mainly concentrated in the area around Osijek (German: ''Esseg'') in eastern Slavonia. Ethnology The community traditionally inhabited northern Croatia and Slavonia. In the Early modern period they had settled from other territories in the Habsburg monarchy, and in what is today Croatia mainly settled territories of the Military Frontier. The Danube Swabians that inhabited Western Slavonia were subject to strong Croatization. The Croatian intelligentsia only acknowledged a German minority in 1865. History With the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire and the establishment of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes, the Germans of Croatia became a minority ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
19th-century Lutheran Churches
The 19th (nineteenth) century began on 1 January 1801 ( MDCCCI), and ended on 31 December 1900 ( MCM). The 19th century was the ninth century of the 2nd millennium. The 19th century was characterized by vast social upheaval. Slavery was abolished in much of Europe and the Americas. The First Industrial Revolution, though it began in the late 18th century, expanding beyond its British homeland for the first time during this century, particularly remaking the economies and societies of the Low Countries, the Rhineland, Northern Italy, and the Northeastern United States. A few decades later, the Second Industrial Revolution led to ever more massive urbanization and much higher levels of productivity, profit, and prosperity, a pattern that continued into the 20th century. The Islamic gunpowder empires fell into decline and European imperialism brought much of South Asia, Southeast Asia, and almost all of Africa under colonial rule. It was also marked by the collapse of the large ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Protestantism In Croatia
Christianity is the most widely professed religion in Croatia and a large majority of the Croatian population declare themselves to be members of the Catholic Church. Croatia has no official religion and freedom of religion is a right defined by the Constitution of Croatia, which also defines all religious communities as equal in front of the law and separate from the state. History In the 16th century, Protestantism reached Croatia, but was mostly eradicated due to the Counter-Reformation implemented by the Habsburgs. There is also significant history of the Jews in Croatia through the Holocaust. The history of the Jews in Croatia dates back to at least the 3rd century, although little is known of the community until the 10th and 15th centuries. By the outbreak of World War II, the community numbered approximately 20,000 members, most of whom were murdered during the Holocaust that took place on the territory of the Nazi puppet state called Independent State of Croatia. Af ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
German Language
German ( ) is a West Germanic languages, West Germanic language mainly spoken in Central Europe. It is the most widely spoken and Official language, official or co-official language in Germany, Austria, Switzerland, Liechtenstein, and the Italy, Italian province of South Tyrol. It is also a co-official language of Luxembourg and German-speaking Community of Belgium, Belgium, as well as a national language in Namibia. Outside Germany, it is also spoken by German communities in France (Bas-Rhin), Czech Republic (North Bohemia), Poland (Upper Silesia), Slovakia (Bratislava Region), and Hungary (Sopron). German is most similar to other languages within the West Germanic language branch, including Afrikaans, Dutch language, Dutch, English language, English, the Frisian languages, Low German, Luxembourgish, Scots language, Scots, and Yiddish. It also contains close similarities in vocabulary to some languages in the North Germanic languages, North Germanic group, such as Danish lan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Slovak Evangelical Church, Šid
Slovak Evangelical Church in Šid in Vojvodina, Serbia, is a Lutheranism, Lutheran church built in 1910. Over the years, it was the main church for the Lutheran Christians, with other churches in the town being either Eastern Orthodox, Roman Catholic, or Greek Catholic. The church and its parish played a prominent role during the time of immigration of Slovaks to town in mid-19th century, helping them in maintaining their spiritual and national identity. Before the establishment of the local Slovak parish in 1897, the local community was a part of the nearby Bingula parish. Later on, the Šid church was a main church for up to 24 other associated communities in the regions of Syrmia, Semberia, and Slavonia including in Bosut (village), Bosut, Jamena, Komletinci, Bijeljina, Vašica, Sot, Šid, Sot, and Višnjićevo. It is not known when and from whom exactly the plot of land for the church was purchased, but some data indicates it belonged to the local Jewish community. The church ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Slovak Evangelical Church Of The Augsburg Confession In Serbia
The Slovak Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession in Serbia (Slovak: Slovenská evanjelická augsburského vyznania cirkev v Srbsku, abbreviated SEAVC) is a Lutheran church in Serbia. This, the largest Protestant church in former Yugoslavia, has around 40,000 members. They are organized in 27 communities and are led by 20 pastors. Most members live in Vojvodina, an autonomous province in the Republic of Serbia north of the Sava and Danube; its headquarters are accordingly in Novi Sad. Until the founding of Yugoslavia, the communities belonged to the Evangelical-Lutheran Church in Hungary. The pastors are trained together with the pastors of the Evangelical Church of the Augsburg Confession in Slovakia, in Bratislava. In parish life, the Slovak language is the most widely used. The SEAVC is a member of the Lutheran World Federation and of the World Council of Churches. History The history of Protestantism in this region begins in the first half of the 18th century, when ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Patent Of Toleration
The Patent of Toleration (german: Toleranzpatent) was an edict of toleration issued on 13 October 1781 by the Habsburg emperor Joseph II. Part of the Josephinist reforms, the Patent extended religious freedom to non-Catholic Christians living in the crown lands of the Habsburg monarchy, including Lutherans, Calvinists, and the Eastern Orthodox. Specifically, these members of minority faiths were now legally permitted to hold "private religious exercises" in clandestine churches.Kaplan, Benjamin J., ''Religious Conflict and the Practice of Toleration in Early Modern Europe,'' Harvard University Press, 2007, Chapter 8, pp. 192-4. ff.. For the first time after the Counter-Reformation, the Patent guaranteed the practice of religion by the Evangelical Lutheran and the Reformed Church in Austria. Nevertheless, worship was heavily regulated, wedding ceremonies remained reserved for the Catholic Church, and the Unity of the Brethren was still suppressed. Similar to the articular church ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crypto-Protestantism
Crypto-Protestantism is a historical phenomenon that first arose on the territory of the Habsburg Empire but also elsewhere in Europe and Latin America, at a time when Catholic rulers tried, after the Protestant Reformation, to reestablish Catholicism in parts of the Empire that had become Protestant after the Reformation. The Protestants in these areas strove to retain their own confession inwardly while they outwardly pretended to accept Catholicism.Žalta, Anja. 2004. Protestantizem in bukovništvo med koroškimi Slovenci. ''Anthropos'' 36(1/4): 1–23, p. 7. With the Patent of Toleration in the Habsburg Empire in 1781, Protestantism was again permitted, and from that time on most Protestants could live their faith openly once more. See also *Nicodemite * Crypto-Papism *Crypto-Christianity *Crypto-Calvinism * Hundskirke stone *Cafeteria Catholicism *Zoë movement *''Cum ex apostolatus officio'', *Molinism *Jansenism (sometimes labeled as Crypto-Calvinism) * *Salzburg Protestan ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Edict Of Torda
The Edict of Torda ( hu, tordai ediktum, ro, Edictul de la Turda, german: Edikt von Torda) was a decree that authorized local communities to freely elect their preachers in the Eastern Hungarian Kingdom of John Sigismund Zápolya. The delegates of the Three Nations of Transylvaniathe Hungarian nobles, Transylvanian Saxons, and Székelysadopted it at the request of the monarch's Antitrinitarian court preacher, Ferenc Dávid, in Torda ( ro, Turda, german: Thorenburg) on 28January 1568. Though it did not acknowledge an individual's right to religious freedom, in sanctioning the existence of a radical Christian religion in a European state, the decree was an unprecedented act of religious tolerance. The Catholic and Orthodox Churches had coexisted in the southern and eastern territories of the medieval Kingdom of Hungary for centuries. However, ideas that the Catholic Church regarded as heresy were not tolerated: the Hungarian Hussites were expelled from the country in the 1430s and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Protestantism And Islam
Protestantism and Islam entered into contact during the early-16th century when the Ottoman Empire, expanding in the Balkans, first encountered Calvinist Protestants in present-day Hungary and Transylvania. As both parties opposed the Austrian Holy Roman Emperor and his Roman Catholic allies, numerous exchanges occurred, exploring religious similarities and the possibility of trade and military alliances. The early Protestants and Turks established a sense of mutual tolerance and understanding, despite theological differences on Christology, considering each other to be closer to one another than to Catholicism. The Ottoman Empire supported the early Protestant churches and contributed to their survival in dire times. Martin Luther regarded the Ottomans as allies against the papacy, considering them the "rod of God's wrath against Europe's sins." The allegiances of the Ottoman Empire and threat of Ottoman expansion in Eastern Europe pressured King Charles V to sign the Peace of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ottoman Hungary
Ottoman Hungary ( hu, Török hódoltság) was the southern and central parts of what had been the Kingdom of Hungary in the late medieval period, which were conquered and ruled by the Ottoman Empire from 1541 to 1699. The Ottoman rule covered almost the entire region of the Great Hungarian Plain (except the northeastern parts) and Southern Transdanubia. The territory was invaded and annexed to the Ottoman Empire by Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent between 1521 and 1541. The north-western rim of the Hungarian kingdom remained unconquered and recognised members of the House of Habsburg as Kings of Hungary, giving it the name " Royal Hungary". The boundary between the two thereupon became the frontline in the Ottoman–Habsburg wars over the next 150 years. Following the defeat of the Ottomans in the Great Turkish War, most of Ottoman Hungary was ceded to the Habsburgs under the Treaty of Karlowitz in 1699. During the period of Ottoman rule, Hungary was divided for administrati ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
