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Euscelis Incisa
''Euscelis incisa'' is a leafhopper species in the family Cicadellidae. It is found in Europe, North Africa, and Asia. It is formerly known as ''Euscelis plebejus'', among other names. Biology ''Euscelis incisa'' can be used as a vector of the bacterium ''Spiroplasma citri'', a mollicute bacterium that is the causative agent of the Citrus stubborn disease, to experimentally infect white clover (''Trifolium repens ''Trifolium repens'', the white clover, is a herbaceous perennial plant in the bean family Fabaceae (otherwise known as Leguminosae). It is native to Europe, including the British Isles,Clapham, A.R., Tutin, T.G. and Warburg., E.F. 1968. ''Excursio ...''). References Athysanini Hemiptera of Africa Hemiptera of Asia Hemiptera of Europe Insect vectors of plant pathogens Insects described in 1858 {{Deltocephalinae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carl Ludwig Kirschbaum
Carl Ludwig Kirschbaum (31 January 1812 in Usingen, Duchy of Nassau – 3 March 1880) was a German entomologist, Professor of Biology and Museum Director of Museum Wiesbaden. Kirschbaum specialised in Auchenorrhyncha. He wrote ''Die Cicadinen der Gegend von Wiesbaden und Frankfurt a. M. nebst einer Anzahl neuer oder schwer zu unterscheidender Arten aus anderen Gegenden Europas'' (Jahrbücher des Nassauischen Vereins für Naturkunde 21: 1-202, 1868) and many other entomological works. His collection is in the Wiesbaden Natural History Museum. It contains his own material from Frankfurt and Wiesbaden, but also an extensive material brought to him by Carl von Heyden (mainly from various parts of southern Germany and Switzerland) and Philipp Christoph Zeller (mainly from Sicily). Smaller numbers of specimens were sent to him by Carl August Dohrn (Jena), Arnold Förster (Aachen), Fuchs (W.) (Berlin), Gustav Mayr (Wien), Wilhelm Mink (Crefeld), Hermann Rudolph Schaum (Berlin), Adolph S ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Family (biology)
Family ( la, familia, plural ') is one of the eight major hierarchical taxonomic ranks in Linnaean taxonomy. It is classified between order and genus. A family may be divided into subfamilies, which are intermediate ranks between the ranks of family and genus. The official family names are Latin in origin; however, popular names are often used: for example, walnut trees and hickory trees belong to the family Juglandaceae, but that family is commonly referred to as the "walnut family". What belongs to a family—or if a described family should be recognized at all—are proposed and determined by practicing taxonomists. There are no hard rules for describing or recognizing a family, but in plants, they can be characterized on the basis of both vegetative and reproductive features of plant species. Taxonomists often take different positions about descriptions, and there may be no broad consensus across the scientific community for some time. The publishing of new data and opini ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spiroplasma Citri
''Spiroplasma citri'' is a bacterium species and the causative agent of Citrus stubborn disease. Its genome has been partially sequenced. The restriction enzyme SciNI, with the cutting site 5' GCGC / 3' CGCG, can be found in ''S. citri''. ''Euscelis incisa'' can be used as a vector of the bacterium to experimentally infect white clover (''Trifolium repens ''Trifolium repens'', the white clover, is a herbaceous perennial plant in the bean family Fabaceae (otherwise known as Leguminosae). It is native to Europe, including the British Isles,Clapham, A.R., Tutin, T.G. and Warburg., E.F. 1968. ''Excursio ...'').Spiroplasmas are the causal agents of citrus little-leaf disease. P. G. Markham, R. Townsend, M. Bar-Joseph, M. J. Daniels, A. Plaskitt and B. M. Meddins, Annals of Applied Biology, September 1974, Volume 78, Issue 1, pages 49–57, References External linksType strain of ''Spiroplasma citri'' at Bac''Dive'' - the Bacterial Diversity Metadatabase Mollicutes Bacteri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mollicutes
Mollicutes is a class of bacteria distinguished by the absence of a cell wall. The word "Mollicutes" is derived from the Latin ''mollis'' (meaning "soft" or "pliable"), and ''cutis'' (meaning "skin"). Individuals are very small, typically only 0.2–0.3 μm (200-300 nm) in size and have a very small genome size. They vary in form, although most have sterols that make the cell membrane somewhat more rigid. Many are able to move about through gliding, but members of the genus ''Spiroplasma'' are helical and move by twisting. The best-known genus in the Mollicutes is ''Mycoplasma''. Colonies show the typical "fried-egg" appearance. Mollicutes are parasites of various animals and plants, living on or in the host's cells. Many cause diseases in humans, attaching to cells in the respiratory or urogenital tracts, particularly species of ''Mycoplasma'' and ''Ureaplasma''. Phytoplasma and ''Spiroplasma'' are plant pathogens associated with insect vectors. Whereas formerly the trivial n ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Citrus Stubborn Disease
The Citrus stubborn disease is a plant disease affecting species in the genus ''Citrus''. '' Spiroplasma citri'', a Mollicute bacterium species, is the causative agent of the disease. It is present in the phloem of the affected plant. Originally discovered transmitted by several leafhoppers including ''Circulifer tenellus'' (beet leafhopper) and '' Scaphytopius nitridus'' in citrus-growing regions of California, it is now spread by the same hoppers in Arizona and '' Circulifer haematoceps'' in the Mediterranean region. The host most notably affected is sweet orange but the bacterium can also infect weeds such as periwinkle ('' Vinca rosea'') and London rocket (''Sisymbrium irio''). Yellowed plants of Chinese cabbage and pak-choi (''Brassica rapa'') can be infected by ''S. citri''. In the wild, shortpod mustard ('' Hirschfeldia incana'') infested by the beet leafhopper, ''Circulifer tenellus'', can prove to be an important reservoir of infection. ''S. citri'' can also be transmitted ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trifolium Repens
''Trifolium repens'', the white clover, is a herbaceous perennial plant in the bean family Fabaceae (otherwise known as Leguminosae). It is native to Europe, including the British Isles,Clapham, A.R., Tutin, T.G. and Warburg., E.F. 1968. ''Excursion Flora of the British Isles''. Cambridge University Press. and central Asia and is one of the most widely cultivated types of clover. It has been widely introduced worldwide as a forage crop, and is now also common in most grassy areas (lawns and gardens) of North America, Australia and New Zealand. The species includes varieties often classed as small, intermediate and large, according to height, which reflects petiole length. The term 'white clover' is applied to the species in general, 'Dutch clover' is often applied to intermediate varieties (but sometimes to smaller varieties), and 'ladino clover' is applied to large varieties. Name The genus name, ''Trifolium'', derives from the Latin ', "three", and ', "leaf", so called f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Athysanini
__NOTOC__ Athysanini is a tribe of leafhoppers in the subfamily ''Deltocephalinae''. The type genus of the tribe is '' Athysanus''. The tribe has a cosmopolitan distribution. It is the largest tribe in the subfamily Deltocephalinae and has 228 genera and at least 1120 species. Genera Genera within this tribe include: * '' Afrovarta'' * '' Amblytelinus'' Lindberg, 1954 * '' Anoplotettix'' Ribaut, 1942 * '' Artianus'' Ribaut, 1942 * '' Athysanus'' Burmeister, 1838 * '' Biluscelis'' Dlabola, 1980 * '' Bilusius'' Ribaut, 1942 * '' Bobacella'' Kusnezov, 1929 * '' Brachypterona'' Lindberg, 1954 * '' Colladonus'' Ball, 1936 * '' Colobotettix'' Ribaut, 1948 * '' Condylotes'' Emeljanov, 1959 * '' Conosanus'' Osborn & Ball, 1902 * '' Coulinus'' Beirne, 1954 * '' Doliotettix'' Ribaut, 1942 * '' Dudanus'' Dlabola, 1956 * '' Ederranus'' Ribaut, 1942 * '' Elymana'' De Long, 1936 * '' Eohardya'' Zachvatkin, 1946 * '' Euscelidius'' Ribaut, 1942 * '' Euscelis'' Brullé, 1832 * ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hemiptera Of Africa
Hemiptera (; ) is an order of insects, commonly called true bugs, comprising over 80,000 species within groups such as the cicadas, aphids, planthoppers, leafhoppers, assassin bugs, bed bugs, and shield bugs. They range in size from to around , and share a common arrangement of piercing-sucking mouthparts. The name "true bugs" is often limited to the suborder Heteroptera. Entomologists reserve the term ''bug'' for Hemiptera or Heteroptera,Gilbert Waldbauer. ''The Handy Bug Answer Book.'' Visible Ink, 1998p. 1. which does not include other arthropods or insects of other orders such as ants, bees, beetles, or butterflies. In some variations of English, all terrestrial arthropods (including non-insect arachnids, and myriapods) also fall under the colloquial understanding of ''bug''. Many insects with "bug" in their common name, especially in American English, belong to other orders; for example, the lovebug is a fly and the Maybug and ladybug are beetles. The term is also occasi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hemiptera Of Asia
Hemiptera (; ) is an order (biology), order of insects, commonly called true bugs, comprising over 80,000 species within groups such as the cicadas, aphids, planthoppers, leafhoppers, Reduviidae, assassin bugs, Cimex, bed bugs, and shield bugs. They range in size from to around , and share a common arrangement of piercing-sucking Insect mouthparts, mouthparts. The name "true bugs" is often limited to the suborder Heteroptera. Entomologists reserve the term ''bug'' for Hemiptera or Heteroptera,Gilbert Waldbauer. ''The Handy Bug Answer Book.'' Visible Ink, 1998p. 1. which does not include other arthropods or insects of other orders such as Ant, ants, Bee, bees, Beetle, beetles, or Butterfly, butterflies. In some variations of English, all Terrestrial animal, terrestrial arthropods (including non-insect arachnids, and myriapods) also fall under the Colloquialism, colloquial understanding of ''bug''. Many insects with "bug" in their common name, especially in American English, belo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hemiptera Of Europe
Hemiptera (; ) is an order (biology), order of insects, commonly called true bugs, comprising over 80,000 species within groups such as the cicadas, aphids, planthoppers, leafhoppers, Reduviidae, assassin bugs, Cimex, bed bugs, and shield bugs. They range in size from to around , and share a common arrangement of piercing-sucking Insect mouthparts, mouthparts. The name "true bugs" is often limited to the suborder Heteroptera. Entomologists reserve the term ''bug'' for Hemiptera or Heteroptera,Gilbert Waldbauer. ''The Handy Bug Answer Book.'' Visible Ink, 1998p. 1. which does not include other arthropods or insects of other orders such as Ant, ants, Bee, bees, Beetle, beetles, or Butterfly, butterflies. In some variations of English, all Terrestrial animal, terrestrial arthropods (including non-insect arachnids, and myriapods) also fall under the Colloquialism, colloquial understanding of ''bug''. Many insects with "bug" in their common name, especially in American English, belo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Insect Vectors Of Plant Pathogens
Insects (from Latin ') are pancrustacean hexapod invertebrates of the class Insecta. They are the largest group within the arthropod phylum. Insects have a chitinous exoskeleton, a three-part body (head, thorax and abdomen), three pairs of jointed legs, compound eyes and one pair of antennae. Their blood is not totally contained in vessels; some circulates in an open cavity known as the haemocoel. Insects are the most diverse group of animals; they include more than a million described species and represent more than half of all known living organisms. The total number of extant species is estimated at between six and ten million; In: potentially over 90% of the animal life forms on Earth are insects. Insects may be found in nearly all environments, although only a small number of species reside in the oceans, which are dominated by another arthropod group, crustaceans, which recent research has indicated insects are nested within. Nearly all insects hatch from eggs. Inse ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
