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Europium(II) Hydroxide
Europium(II) hydroxide is an inorganic compound, with the chemical formula of Eu(OH)2. It can exist as the dihydrate Eu(OH)2·H2O. Preparation The monohydrate of europium(II) hydroxide can be obtained by the reaction of metal europium and 10 mol/L sodium hydroxide solution. There are some sources that use europium(III) chloride as a raw material, and prepare it by reacting the Jones reductor with sodium hydroxide solution. Properties Europium(II) hydroxide belongs to the orthorhombic crystal system, a=6.701 ± 0.002, b=6.197 ± 0.002, c=3.652 ± 0.001 A. It thermally decomposes to form europium(II) oxide (EuO); it is readily oxidized to europium(III) hydroxide Europium(III) hydroxide is an inorganic compound with a chemical formula Eu(OH)3. Chemical properties Europium(III) hydroxide can be prepared by reacting metallic europium with water. It reacts with acids In computer science, ACID ( atomicity, ... in air.无机化学丛书 第七卷 钪 稀土元素. 科学出版 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Inorganic Compound
In chemistry, an inorganic compound is typically a chemical compound that lacks carbon–hydrogen bonds, that is, a compound that is not an organic compound. The study of inorganic compounds is a subfield of chemistry known as '' inorganic chemistry''. Inorganic compounds comprise most of the Earth's crust, although the compositions of the deep mantle remain active areas of investigation. Some simple carbon compounds are often considered inorganic. Examples include the allotropes of carbon (graphite, diamond, buckminsterfullerene, etc.), carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, carbides, and the following salts of inorganic anions: carbonates, cyanides, cyanates, and thiocyanates. Many of these are normal parts of mostly organic systems, including organisms; describing a chemical as inorganic does not necessarily mean that it does not occur within living things. History Friedrich Wöhler's conversion of ammonium cyanate into urea in 1828 is often cited as the starting point of modern ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Europium
Europium is a chemical element with the symbol Eu and atomic number 63. Europium is the most reactive lanthanide by far, having to be stored under an inert fluid to protect it from atmospheric oxygen or moisture. Europium is also the softest lanthanide, as it can be dented with a fingernail and easily cut with a knife. When oxidation is removed a shiny-white metal is visible. Europium was isolated in 1901 and is named after the continent of Europe. Being a typical member of the lanthanide series, europium usually assumes the oxidation state +3, but the oxidation state +2 is also common. All europium compounds with oxidation state +2 are slightly reducing. Europium has no significant biological role and is relatively non-toxic as compared to other heavy metals. Most applications of europium exploit the phosphorescence of europium compounds. Europium is one of the rarest of the rare-earth elements on Earth.Stwertka, Albert. ''A Guide to the Elements'', Oxford University Press, 1996, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sodium Hydroxide
Sodium hydroxide, also known as lye and caustic soda, is an inorganic compound with the formula NaOH. It is a white solid ionic compound consisting of sodium cations and hydroxide anions . Sodium hydroxide is a highly caustic base and alkali that decomposes proteins at ordinary ambient temperatures and may cause severe chemical burns. It is highly soluble in water, and readily absorbs moisture and carbon dioxide from the air. It forms a series of hydrates . The monohydrate crystallizes from water solutions between 12.3 and 61.8 °C. The commercially available "sodium hydroxide" is often this monohydrate, and published data may refer to it instead of the anhydrous compound. As one of the simplest hydroxides, sodium hydroxide is frequently used alongside neutral water and acidic hydrochloric acid to demonstrate the pH scale to chemistry students. Sodium hydroxide is used in many industries: in the manufacture of pulp and paper, textiles, drinking water, soaps and deterge ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Europium(III) Chloride
Europium(III) chloride is an inorganic compound with the formula EuCl3. The anhydrous compound is a yellow solid. Being hygroscopic it rapidly absorbs water to form a white crystalline hexahydrate, EuCl3·6H2O, which is colourless. The compound is used in research. Preparation Treating Eu2O3 with aqueous HCl produces hydrated europium chloride (EuCl3·6H2O). This salt cannot be rendered anhydrous by heating. Instead one obtains an oxychloride. Anhydrous EuCl3 is often prepared by the " ammonium chloride route," starting from either Eu2O3 or hydrated europium chloride (EuCl3·6H2O) by heating carefully to 230 °C. These methods produce (NH4)2 uCl5 :10 NH4Cl + Eu2O3 → 2 (NH4)2 uCl5 + 6 NH3 + 3 H2O :EuCl3·6H2O + ''2'' NH4Cl → (NH4)2 uCl5+ 6 H2O The pentachloride decomposes thermally according to the following equation: : (NH4)2 uCl5 → 2 NH4Cl + EuCl3 The thermolysis reaction proceeds via the intermediary of (NH4) u2Cl7 Reactions Europium(III) chloride is ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jones Reductor
A Jones reductor is a device used to reduce aqueous solutions of metal ions. The active component is a zinc amalgam. Jones reductors have been used for preparing solutions of titanium(III), vanadium(II), chromium(II), molybdenum(III), niobium(III), europium(II), and uranium(III). Preparation and use Amalgamated zinc is prepared by treating zinc metal with a 2% solution of mercury(II) chloride. The metal may be in the granulated form or as shavings, wool, or powder. The amalgam forms on the surface of the zinc. After washing to remove salts, the amalgam is placed in a long glass tube, similar to a chromatography column, equipped with a stopcock. The amalgam is a more effective reducing agent than zinc metal. The effluent is often air-sensitive, requiring the use of air-free techniques. To use the reductor, the solution to be reduced is drawn through the tube. If the column is loosely packed, the solution may pass through without assistance. The length of the column or the flow rat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Orthorhombic Crystal System
In crystallography, the orthorhombic crystal system is one of the 7 crystal systems. Orthorhombic lattices result from stretching a cubic lattice along two of its orthogonal pairs by two different factors, resulting in a rectangular prism with a rectangular base (''a'' by ''b'') and height (''c''), such that ''a'', ''b'', and ''c'' are distinct. All three bases intersect at 90° angles, so the three lattice vectors remain mutually orthogonal. Bravais lattices There are four orthorhombic Bravais lattices: primitive orthorhombic, base-centered orthorhombic, body-centered orthorhombic, and face-centered orthorhombic. For the base-centered orthorhombic lattice, the primitive cell has the shape of a right rhombic prism;See , row oC, column Primitive, where the cell parameters are given as a1 = a2, α = β = 90° it can be constructed because the two-dimensional centered rectangular base layer can also be described with primitive rhombic axes. Note that the length a of the primiti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Europium(II) Oxide
Europium(II) oxide (EuO) is a chemical compound which is one of the oxides of europium. In addition to europium(II) oxide, there is also europium(III) oxide and the mixed valence europium(II,III) oxide. Preparation Europium(II) oxide can be prepared by the Redox, reduction of europium(III) oxide with elemental europium at 800 °C and subsequent vacuum distillation at 1150 °C. :Eu2O3 + Eu → 3 EuO It is also possible to synthesize from the reaction of europium oxychloride and lithium hydride. :2 EuOCl + 2 LiH → 2 EuO + 2 LiCl + H2 In modern research, thin films can be manufactured by molecular beam epitaxy directly from europium atoms and oxygen molecules. These films have contamination of Eu3+ of less than 1%. Properties Europium(II) oxide is a violet compound as a bulk crystal and transparent blue in thin film form. It is unstable in humid atmosphere, slowly turning into the yellow europium(II) hydroxide hydrrate and then to white europium(III) hydroxide. EuO crys ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Europium(III) Hydroxide
Europium(III) hydroxide is an inorganic compound with a chemical formula Eu(OH)3. Chemical properties Europium(III) hydroxide can be prepared by reacting metallic europium with water. It reacts with acids In computer science, ACID ( atomicity, consistency, isolation, durability) is a set of properties of database transactions intended to guarantee data validity despite errors, power failures, and other mishaps. In the context of databases, a sequ ... and produces europium(III) salts: : Eu(OH)3 + 3 H+ → Eu3+ + 3 H2O Europium(III) hydroxide decomposes to EuO(OH) at elevated temperature. Further decomposition produces Eu2O3. References {{hydroxides Europium(III) compounds Hydroxides ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Europium(II) Compounds
Europium is a chemical element with the symbol Eu and atomic number 63. Europium is the most reactive lanthanide by far, having to be stored under an inert fluid to protect it from atmospheric oxygen or moisture. Europium is also the softest lanthanide, as it can be dented with a fingernail and easily cut with a knife. When oxidation is removed a shiny-white metal is visible. Europium was isolated in 1901 and is named after the continent of Europe. Being a typical member of the lanthanide series, europium usually assumes the oxidation state +3, but the oxidation state +2 is also common. All europium compounds with oxidation state +2 are slightly reducing. Europium has no significant biological role and is relatively non-toxic as compared to other heavy metals. Most applications of europium exploit the phosphorescence of europium compounds. Europium is one of the rarest of the rare-earth elements on Earth.Stwertka, Albert. ''A Guide to the Elements'', Oxford University Press, 1996, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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