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Eukrohnia Fowleri
''Eukrohnia fowleri'' is a deep-sea marine arrow worm. It is the only known bioluminescent member of the genus ''Eukrohnia'', and one of the two known species of bioluminescent arrow worms, the other being the distantly related ''Caecosagitta macrocephala''. The bioluminescent organ of ''Eukrohnia fowleri'' is found along the center of its tail fin on both its dorsal and ventral side. It has a secreted bioluminescence that is thought to be coelenterazine Coelenterazine is a luciferin, a molecule that emits light after reaction with oxygen, found in many aquatic organisms across eight phyla. It is the substrate of many luciferases such as ''Renilla reniformis'' luciferase (Rluc), ''Gaussia'' lucif ... based. While both species use luciferases in conjunction with coelenterazine for light emission, the luciferase of ''Eukrohnia fowleri'' is highly stable after 30 minutes while the luciferase of ''Caecosagitta macrocephala'' becomes inactive. So far, there is no other bioluminescent ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chaetognatha
The Chaetognatha or chaetognaths (meaning ''bristle-jaws'') are a phylum of predatory marine worms that are a major component of plankton worldwide. Commonly known as arrow worms, about 20% of the known Chaetognatha species are benthic, and can attach to algae and rocks. They are found in all marine waters, from surface tropical waters and shallow tide pools to the deep sea and polar regions. Most chaetognaths are transparent and are torpedo shaped, but some deep-sea species are orange. They range in size from . There are more than 120 modern species assigned to over 20 genera. Despite the limited diversity of species, the number of individuals is large. Arrow worms are usually considered a type of protostome that do not belong to either Ecdysozoa or Lophotrochozoa. Anatomy Chaetognaths are transparent or translucent dart-shaped animals covered by a cuticle. The body is divided into a distinct head, trunk, and tail. There are between four and fourteen hooked, grasping spines ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eukrohnia
Eukrohniidae is a family of sagittoideans in the order Phragmophora. It consists of a single genus, ''Eukrohnia'' von Ritter-Záhony, 1909.von Ritter-Za'hony, R. (1909). Die Chaetognathen der Gazelle-Expedition. ''Zoologischer Anzeiger'', 34, 787–793. History The first species of Eukrohniidae, ''Eukrohnia hamata'', was identified by Karl Möbius in 1875. The genus was named ''Eukrohnia'' by R. von Ritter-Záhony in 1909 after August David Krohn. The family was named ''Eukrohniidae'' by Takasi Tokioka in 1965. One of the species, ''Eukrohnia fowleri'', is bioluminescent.Thuesen, E. V., Goetz, F. E. & Haddock, S. H. (2010). Bioluminescent organs of two deep-sea arrow worms, ''Eukrohnia fowleri'' and ''Caecosagitta macrocephala'', with further observations on bioluminescence in chaetognaths. ''Biological Bulletin'', 219(2), 100–111. Species *'' Eukrohnia bathyantarctica'' David, 1958David, P. (1958). A new species of ''Eukrohnia'' from the southern Ocean with a note on fertili ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Caecosagitta Macrocephala
''Caecosagitta macrocephala'' is a deep sea marine chaetognath that is distributed in meso- and bathypelagic layers. It has a very wide distribution that ranges from the Subantarctic to Subarctic Ocean. Miyamoto, H., Machida, R. & Nishida, S. (2010). Genetic diversity and cryptic speciation of the deep-sea chaetognath ''Caecosagitta macrocephala'' (Fowler, 1904). ''Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography'', 57(24–26), 2211--2219. Cecosagitta macrocephalas have large heads, hence their name “macro-cephala”. Within their eyes are photoreceptive regions that allow them to catch weak light at bathypelagic depths. Along with their eyes, their gut or intestine has orange pigmentation and a luminous organ that gleams due to bioluminescence unlike some other species of Sagittidae.Thuesen, E. V., Goetz, F. E. & Haddock, S. H. (2010). Bioluminescent organs of two deep-sea arrow-worms, ''Eukrohnia fowleri'' and ''Caecosagitta macrocephala'', with further observations ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coelenterazine
Coelenterazine is a luciferin, a molecule that emits light after reaction with oxygen, found in many aquatic organisms across eight phyla. It is the substrate of many luciferases such as ''Renilla reniformis'' luciferase (Rluc), ''Gaussia'' luciferase (Gluc), and photoproteins, including aequorin, and obelin. All these proteins catalyze the oxidation of this substance, a reaction catalogued EC 1.13.12.5. History Coelenterazine was simultaneously isolated and characterized by two groups studying the luminescent organisms sea pansy (''Renilla reniformis'') and the cnidarian ''Aequorea victoria'', respectively. Both groups independently discovered that the same compound was used in both luminescent systems. The molecule was named after the now-obsolete phylum coelenterata. Likewise, the two main metabolites – coelenteramide and coelenteramine – were named after their respective functional groups. While coelenterazine was first discovered in ''Aequorea victoria'', it was lat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
