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Eugenics In California
Eugenics in California is a notable part of eugenics in America. As an early leading force in the field of eugenics, California became the third state in the United States to enact a sterilization law. By 1921, California had accounted for 80% of sterilizations nationwide. This continued until the Civil Rights Movement, when widespread critiques against society's "total institutions" dismantled popular acceptance for the state's forced sterilizations. There were an estimated 20,000 forced sterilizations in California between 1909 and 1979; however, that number may be an underestimation. In 2021, California enacted a reparations program to compensate the hundreds of still living victims from its eugenics program. General forms of eugenics In California, " ugenicswas always linked to the use of land: to agriculture and plant hybridization". Many of the powerful social workers, doctors, psychiatrists, and biologists, sought to hurt many of California's Mexican, Indian, and Asian ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eugenics In The United States
Eugenics, the set of beliefs and practices which aims at improving the genetic quality of the human population, played a significant role in the history and culture of the United States from the late 19th century into the mid-20th century. The cause became increasingly promoted by intellectuals of the Progressive Era. While ostensibly about improving genetic quality, it has been argued that eugenics was more about preserving the position of the dominant groups in the population. Scholarly research has determined that people who found themselves targets of the eugenics movement were those who were seen as unfit for society—the poor, the disabled, the mentally ill, and specific communities of color—and a disproportionate number of those who fell victim to eugenicists' sterilization initiatives were women who were identified as African American, Hispanic, or Native American. As a result, the United States' eugenics movement is now generally associated with racist and nativi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Caesarean Section
Caesarean section, also known as C-section or caesarean delivery, is the surgical procedure by which one or more babies are delivered through an incision in the mother's abdomen, often performed because vaginal delivery would put the baby or mother at risk. Reasons for the operation include obstructed labor, twin pregnancy, high blood pressure in the mother, breech birth, and problems with the placenta or umbilical cord. A caesarean delivery may be performed based upon the shape of the mother's pelvis or history of a previous C-section. A trial of vaginal birth after C-section may be possible. The World Health Organization recommends that caesarean section be performed only when medically necessary. Most C-sections are performed without a medical reason, upon request by someone, usually the mother. A C-section typically takes 45 minutes to an hour. It may be done with a spinal block, where the woman is awake, or under general anesthesia. A urinary catheter is used to drain ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
San Quentin Penitentiary
San Quentin Rehabilitation Center (SQ), formerly known as San Quentin State Prison, is a California Department of Corrections and Rehabilitation state prison for men, located north of San Francisco in the unincorporated place of San Quentin in Marin County. Established in 1852, and opening in 1854, San Quentin is the oldest prison in California. The state's only death row for male inmates, the largest in the United States, is located at the prison. It has a gas chamber, but since 1996, executions at the prison have been carried out by lethal injection, though the prison has not performed an execution since 2006. The prison has been featured on film, radio drama, video, podcast, and television; is the subject of many books; has hosted concerts; and has housed many notorious inmates. Facilities The correctional complex sits on Point San Quentin, which consists of on the north side of San Francisco Bay. The prison complex itself occupies , valued in a 2001 study at betwe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leo Stanley
Leo Leonidas Stanley (1886 – 1976) was an American surgeon who served as the Chief Surgeon of the San Quentin State Prison from 1913 to 1951. He was most notable for performing unethical human experiments on inmates during his tenure. Biography Early life Stanley was born in Buena Vista, Oregon. His father was a country doctor. When Stanley was 9, the family moved to San Luis Obispo County, California, where he studied at Paso Robles High School. In 1903, Stanley studied at the Stanford University. In 1904, he dropped out and worked as a newsboy on the Southern Pacific railway, though he eventually returned to Stanford to finish his degree. In 1908, he began studying to be a medical doctor at the Cooper Medical College in San Francisco, and graduated in 1912. A month before his graduation, Stanley married Romaine Stanley, who was a secretary at the college. Career at San Quentin In 1913, despite having no surgical experience, Stanley was hired as the Chief Surgeon for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Modesto State Hospital
Modesto State Hospital was a public psychiatric hospital in the city of Modesto in Stanislaus County, California, and was established in 1946, opened in late-1947 and closed in 1972. It is the same location of the former Hammond General Hospital (1942–1946), a United States Army hospital during World War II. History Modesto State Hospital was purchased from the United States federal government in November 1946 (under statutes 1946, ch. 129). The hospital operated as a temporary state mental hospital and when it opened in late-1947 it took in patients from other overcrowded state hospitals, specifically the mentally ill and the mentally deficient patients. By September 1951 the Hospital started an admissions department and receive new psychiatric patients. In 1951, the hospital had its most patients 2,369, which it maintained until 1963. In 1963, the patient population declined, in 1969 it was announced the hospital would close, and was closed in 1972. This hospital was one of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
DeWitt General Hospital
DeWitt General Hospital was a World War II US Army Hospital in Auburn, California in Placer County at the corner of C Avenue and First Street. The hospital was built in 1944 to care for troops returning home from overseas service and troops that served on the home front. The first patient checked in on February 17, 1944. The hospital had 2,285 beds housed in single story buildings over the 284 acres campus. DeWitt General Hospital was three miles north of downtown Auburn. DeWitt General Hospital For a short time when it opened, DeWitt General Hospital was called Auburn General Hospital, but was renamed DeWitt General Hospital. The hospital was named after Brigadier General Calvin DeWitt (1840-1908) with the Civil War Medical Corps. The War Department approved the construction of the hospital on 25 March 1943. The land was farm land and fruit trees at the time. The 80 one-story buildings were made of brick and some stucco. The hospital also had a chapel, rehabilitation pool, gymn ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Camarillo State Mental Hospital
Camarillo State Mental Hospital, also known as Camarillo State Hospital, was a public psychiatric hospital for patients with both developmental disabilities and mental illness in Camarillo, California. The hospital was in operation from 1936 to 1997. The former hospital campus has been redeveloped and opened in 2002 as the California State University Channel Islands. The university has retained the distinctive Mission Revival Style architecture, and the bell tower in the South quad has been adopted as the symbol of the university. Pre-history When the United States took possession of California and other Mexican lands in 1848, it was bound by the Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo to honor the legitimate land claims of Mexican citizens residing in those captured territories. The land upon which the former Camarillo State Hospital sat, once belonged to Isabel Yorba as part of an 1836 land grant, known as "Rancho Guadalasca." In 1929, the California legislature initially appropriated $1,0 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lanterman Developmental Center
Lanterman Developmental Center, opened under the name the Pacific Colony, was a public psychiatric hospital and a facility serving the needs of people with developmental disabilities, and was located in the San Gabriel Valley in what was once Spadra (now part of Pomona), California. In 87 years of operation, the hospital served appropriately 14,000 people. At the time of closure in 2015, the hospital had nine patient buildings, one acute hospital unit, a variety of training and work sites, a vocational training center, and recreation facilities, a research and staff training building, a child day care center for community and staff members' children, a credit union, and the California Conservation Corps. Pre-history The Pacific Colony was part of a program to understand, "the problem of feeble mindedness," funded by California Legislature in 1917 and initially located in Walnut, California. The first patients were added to the program on March 20, 1921, however the site was in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Stockton State Hospital
Stockton State Hospital or the Stockton Developmental Center was California's first psychiatric hospital. The hospital opened in 1851 in Stockton, California and closed 1995–1996. The site is currently used as the Stockton campus of California State University, Stanislaus. History It was constructed as the Insane Asylum of California at Stockton in 1851. It was on of land donated by Captain Charles Maria Weber. The legislature at the time felt that existing hospitals were incapable of caring for the large numbers of people who suffered from mental and emotional conditions as a result of the California Gold Rush, and authorized the creation of the first public mental health hospital in California. The hospital is #1016 on the Office of Historic Preservation's California Historical Landmark list, and today is home to California State University's Stanislaus - Stockton Campus. A cemetery for patients who died there is located on the property. In April 1888 Frank A Peltret, an inves ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Metropolitan State Hospital (California)
Metropolitan State Hospital is an American public hospital specializing in psychiatric care for those with mental health concerns, located at 11400 Norwalk Blvd in the city of Norwalk in Los Angeles County, California. As of August 2016 it had 780 patients. Services The hospital is operated by the California Department of State Hospitals. Currently it admits four different types of categories for patient intake. The four categories being; incompetent to stand trial (PC 1370), offender with a mental health disorder (PCS 2962/2972), not guilty by reason of insanity (PC 1026), and conservatorship Lanterman-Petris-Short (LPS) Act. The hospital is unique among state facilities serving the mental health patients in that it admits a large proportion of acutely ill psychiatric patients resulting in a rapid turnover rate and a shorter length of stay. From the 1980s to 1990's, the facility had an Intensive Treatment and Research Unit, which was a male inpatient facility for chronically i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Napa State Hospital
Napa State Hospital is a psychiatric hospital in Napa, California, founded in 1875. It is located along California State Route 221, the Napa- Vallejo Highway, and is one of California's five state hospitals. Napa State Hospital holds civil and forensic patients in a sprawling 138-acre campus. According to a hospital spokesperson, there were 2,338 people employed at the facility during the 2016 to 2017 fiscal year, making it one of the region's largest employers. The Napa Valley Cricket Club played a number of their matches at McGrath Field, a multi-use sports field, at the eastern end of the Napa State Hospital campus for the 2017 season. History The property was originally part of Rancho Tulucay, part of a Mexican Land Grant, sold by Cayetano Juarez to the State of California in 1872. Originally named Napa Insane Asylum, the facility opened on November 15, 1875. It sat on of property stretching from the Napa River to what is now Skyline Park. The facility was originally bu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mendocino State Hospital
Mendocino State Hospital, formally known as Mendocino State Asylum for the Insane, was a psychiatric hospital in Talmage near Ukiah, California, was established in 1889 and in operation from July 1893 to 1972. The hospital programs included the rehabilitation of the criminally insane, alcoholic and drug abuse rehabilitation, a psychiatric residency program, industrial therapy, and others. The property now is part of the City of Ten Thousand Buddhas community. History The hospital was established in 1889 and opened in July 1893, and the first superintendent was Dr. Edward Warren King. By June 1900, the Ukiah district attorney Hon. T. L. Carothers filed charges against Dr. Edward Warren King, for reasons including, "incompetency, lack of medical skill, high-handed and dictatorial methods, lack of ability to command respect of his subordinates" and other charges. This hospital was the destination for inmates charged with crimes but found not guilty by reason of insanity. Its ear ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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