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Ethiopian Civil Conflict (2018–present)
Many of the roots of the ongoing civil conflict within Ethiopia date back to the mid-twentieth century and earlier. Following the 2018 dissolution of the ethnic federalist, dominant party political coalition, the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front, there was an increase in tensions within the country, with newly resurgent regional and ethnically based factions carrying out armed attacks on military and civilians in multiple conflicts throughout Ethiopia. This tension further escalated when war broke out in the Tigray region between the federal government and the regional government in November 2020. The ENDF and Eritrean Defence Forces (EDF) entered Tigray and took the capital of Mekelle. The Tigray Defense Forces retook control of most of Tigray in mid-2021 and formed an alliance with the OLA in late 2021. The alliance declared a coalition with seven smaller rebel groups, called the United Front of Ethiopian Federalist and Confederalist Forces. Background ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Conflicts In The Horn Of Africa
Conflicts in the Horn of Africa have been occurring since the 17th century BCE. The Horn of Africa includes the nations of Djibouti, Eritrea, Ethiopia, and Somalia. Ancient * Invasion of Ancient Egypt by the Kingdom of Kush and the Land of Punt (17th century BC). Medieval and Early Modern * Ifat's conquest of Makhzumi ( 1285) * Conquests of Emperor Amda Seyon I (1314–1344) * Abyssinian-Adal War (1529–1559), between the Ethiopian Empire and the Adal Sultanate * Gobroon–Bardera War (late 18th century) * Egyptian-Ethiopian war (1874–1876) *First Italo-Ethiopian War (1895–1896), between the Kingdom of Italy and the Ethiopian Empire * Italo-Ethiopian War of 1887–1889 between the Kingdom of Italy and the Ethiopian Empire *Military conflict broke out between Ethiopians and Sudanese in the 1850s Early 20th century * Dervish revolt against the United Kingdom (1899–1920), the Kingdom of Italy, the Ethiopian Empire, and other Somalis * 1922 Burao Tax Revolt (1922) ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kimant Democratic Party
The Kimant Democratic Party or KDP (also: ''Kemant'', ''Qemant'') is a political party of the Qemant people in Ethiopia. Affiliations In December 2019, the Kimant Democratic Party associated with nine other Ethiopian political parties, including the Oromo Liberation Front, the Ogaden National Liberation Front and the Gambela People's Liberation Movement, stating they would work together against the Prosperity Party in preparation for the 2021 Ethiopian general election, which had been scheduled to take place in 2020. Regional Amharan government officials claimed in April 2021 that the KDP was affiliated with the Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF) and the Oromo Liberation Army (OLA). On 5 November 2021 during the Tigray War, the KDP and six other small groups declared the creation of a coalition with the TPLF and OLA called the United Front of Ethiopian Federalist and Confederalist Forces, whose declared aim was to "dismantle Abiy's government by force or by negotiations, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abdel Fattah Al-Burhan
Abdel Fattah Abdelrahman al-Burhan ( ar, عبد الفتاح عبد الرحمن البرهان, Abd al-FattāḥʿAbd al-Raḥmān al-Burhān; born 11 July 1960) is a Sudanese politician and Sudanese Army general who is the ''de facto'' head of state of Sudan as the commander-in-chief of the Sudanese Armed Forces after leading a coup d'état in October 2021 that deposed Prime Minister Abdalla Hamdok. Al-Burhan was the former chairman of the Sovereignty Council of Sudan, the country's collective head of state, which was established following the Sudanese Revolution in 2019 to guide a Sudanese transition to democracy.Declan Walsh, Abdi Latif Dahir & Simon MarksSudan's Military Seizes Power, Casting Democratic Transition Into Chaos ''New York Times'' (October 25, 2021). After the military seized power in the October 2021 coup, al-Burhan dissolved the Sovereignty Council, which previously shared power between the country's military and civilians. The 2020 Juba Agreement allo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kumsa Diriba
Kumsa Diriba (born 1969/1970), known by his ''nom de guerre'' Jaal Marroo, is an Ethiopian military leader who is Commander-in Chief of the Oromo Liberation Army. In August 2021, Diriba announced an alliance against the Government of Ethiopia with the Tigray Defense Forces, stating that he and the OLA wanted to overthrow the government militarily. In November 2021, he claimed to the Agence France-Presse that OLA troops were near the Ethiopian capital of Addis Ababa Addis Ababa (; am, አዲስ አበባ, , new flower ; also known as , lit. "natural spring" in Oromo), is the capital and largest city of Ethiopia. It is also served as major administrative center of the Oromia Region. In the 2007 census, t .... References 1970 births Oromo politicians Living people {{Ethiopia-bio-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Debretsion Gebremichael
Debretsion Gebremichael ( ti, ደብረጽዮን ገብረሚካኤል, pronunciation: ) is an Ethiopian politician and current president of the Tigray Region and chairman of Tigray People's Liberation Front (TPLF). His position as titular head of the Tigray Region is disputed by the federal government of Ethiopia who in November 2020 appointed Mulu Nega as the chief executive of the Transitional Government of Tigray, succeeded by Abraham Belay. Since July 2021, Debretsion leads again the Tigray Region, while Abraham Belay left the transitional government to become Ethiopia's minister of Defence. His party nominally won all 152 contested seats and 98.2% of the votes of the 2020 Tigray regional election, which was held in defiance of the federal government that had postponed the elections because of the COVID-19 pandemic in Ethiopia. Early life Debretsion was born and raised in the town of Shire in Tigray. He gave up his engineering studies at Addis Ababa University to join t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Isaias Afwerki
Isaias Afwerki ( ti, ኢሳይያስ ኣፍወርቂ, ; born 2 February 1946) is an Eritrean politician and partisan who has been the president of Eritrea since shortly after he led the Eritrean People's Liberation Front (EPLF) to victory in May 1991, ending the 30-year-old war for independence from Ethiopia. In addition to being president, Isaias is the chairman of Eritrea's sole legal political party, the People's Front for Democracy and Justice (PFDJ). As Eritrea has no functioning constitution, no elections, no legislature and no published budget, Isaias is the sole power in the country, controlling its judiciary and military.Alex de WaalThe Despotism of Isaias Afewerki: Eritrea's dictator makes his move on Tigray."''The Baffler.'' 2 September 2022. Retrieved 5 Spetmeber 2022. Scholars and historians consider him to be a dictator, with his regime being described as totalitarianism, by way of forced conscription and being cited for human rights violations by the United ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abebaw Tadesse
Abebaw Tadesse ( am, አበባው ታደሰ) is an Ethiopian general of the Ethiopian National Defense Force. He is currently the Deputy Chief of General Staff of Ethiopia, the second most senior position in the Ethiopian Armed Force, since 12 November 2020. General Abebaw Tadesse served in various levels of commands and leading the Central Command, which was disbanded and relocated to Southern Command. He carried out a major military operation during the Eritrean–Ethiopian War in the Badme front. He was known for being the only non–Tigrayan general in the Ethiopian army during the rule of Meles Zenawi as he was from the Agaw ethnic group. Abebaw retired from the army in 2018 but was later recalled during the Tigray war The Tigray War; ; . was an armed conflict that lasted from 3 November 2020 to 3 November 2022. The war was primarily fought in the Tigray Region of Ethiopia between the Ethiopian federal government and Eritrea on one side, and the Tigray Peop ... and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Birhanu Jula Gelalcha
Birhanu Jula Gelalcha ( am, ብርሃኑ ጁላ) is an Ethiopian field marshal of the Ethiopian National Defense Force. He is currently the Chief of General Staff of Ethiopia since 4 November 2020. He served as the Force Commander of the United Nations Interim Security Force for Abyei (UNISFA) from 2014 to 2016. Biography Of ethnic Oromo descent. Birhanu Jula Gelalcha holds a bachelor's degree from Alpha University College and a master's degree from Greenwich University, both in Addis Ababa. In 2006, Birhanu worked with the UN Mission in Liberia and held the position of Sector Commander. He has also held various other positions with the army including with the Ministry of National Defence, the Cadet School and Brigade Operations. From 2006 to 2009, he was the army's Deputy Commander of the Central Command. In 2010, Birhanu was appointed Commander of the Western Command in the Ethiopian Army. Birhanu was appointed as Force Commander of UNISFA on 21 November 2014 by United Nat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abiy Ahmed
Abiy Ahmed Ali ( om, Abiyi Ahmed Alii; am, አብይ አሕመድ ዐሊ; born 15 August 1976) is an Ethiopian politician who has been the 4th prime minister of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia since 2 April 2018. He won the 2019 Nobel Peace Prize for his work in ending the 20-year post-war territorial stalemate between Ethiopia and Eritrea. Abiy was the third chairman of the Ethiopian People's Revolutionary Democratic Front (EPRDF) that governed Ethiopia for 28 years and the first Oromo in that position. Abiy is an elected member of the Ethiopian parliament, and was a member of the Oromo Democratic Party (ODP), one of the then four coalition parties of the EPRDF, until its rule ceased in 2019 and he formed his own party, the Prosperity Party. In June 2020, Abiy, in concert with the National Election Board of Ethiopia (NEBE), decided to postpone scheduled parliamentary elections due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This move prompted criticism, especially from the op ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Al-Shabaab (militant Group)
Harakat al-Shabaab al-Mujahideen (HSM; ar, حركة الشباب المجاهدين, translit=Ḥarakat ash-Shabāb al-Mujāhidīn, so, Xarakada Mujaahidiinta Alshabaab, ), more commonly known as al-Shabaab, is an Islamic fundamentalist Salafi jihadist group which is based in Somalia and active elsewhere in East Africa. It is actively involved in the ongoing Somali Civil War. Even though its membership incorporates Somali nationalist elements, al-Shabaab's central aims are Salafi jihadist. Allegiant to the militant pan-Islamist organization al-Qaeda since 2012, it has also been suspected of forging ties with Boko Haram, al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb, and al-Qaeda in the Arabian Peninsula. Formed in the mid-2000s as part of the Islamic Courts Union, al-Shabaab came to prominence during the 2006–2009 Somalia War, during which it presented itself as a vehicle for the waging of armed resistance against the Ethiopian occupation. In subsequent years, it became a dominant forc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
AQMI Flag Asymmetric
Al-Qaeda in the Islamic Maghreb ( ar-at, تنظيم القاعدة في بلاد المغرب الإسلامي, Tanẓīm al-Qā'idah fī Bilād al-Maghrib al-Islāmī), or AQIM, is an Islamist militant organization (of al-Qaeda) that aims to overthrow the Algerian government and institute an Islamic state. To that end, it is currently engaged in an insurgency campaign in the Maghreb and Sahel regions. The group originated as the Salafist Group for Preaching and Combat (GSPC). It has since declared its intention to attack European (including Spanish and French) and American targets. The group has been designated a terrorist organization by the United Nations, Australia, Canada, Malaysia, Russia, the United Arab Emirates, the United Kingdom and the United States. Membership is mostly drawn from the Algerian and local Saharan communities (such as the Tuaregs and Berabiche tribal clans of Mali), as well as Moroccans from city suburbs of the North African country. The group has a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Al-Qaeda
Al-Qaeda (; , ) is an Islamic extremism, Islamic extremist organization composed of Salafist jihadists. Its members are mostly composed of Arab, Arabs, but also include other peoples. Al-Qaeda has mounted attacks on civilian and military targets in various countries, including the 1998 United States embassy bombings, the September 11 attacks, and the 2002 Bali bombings; it has been designated as a List of designated terrorist groups, terrorist group by the United Nations Security Council, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), the European Union, India, and Al-Qaeda#Designation as a terrorist group, various other countries. The organization was founded in 1988 by Osama bin Laden and other volunteers during the Soviet–Afghan War. Following the withdrawal of the Soviets in 1989, bin Laden offered ''mujahideen'' support to Saudi Arabia in the Gulf War in 1990–1991. His offer was rebuffed by the Saudi authorities, which instead sought the aid of the United States. Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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