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Esprit-Tranquille Maistral
Esprit-Tranquille Maistral (Quimper, 21 May 1763 - Guipavas, 5 November 1815) was a French Navy officer. He took part in the War of American Independence and in the French Revolutionary Wars, and had a pivotal role in the Battle of Trafalgar. Career Esprit-Tranquille Maistral was born to François Louis Maistral, a physician, and to his wife Françoise Yvonne Bouisse. He was the brother of Désiré-Marie Maistral. Maistral joined the Navy as a boy on 1 July 1775 on ''Oiseau''. The next year, he served as a sailor on ''Roland'', and on 27 April 1778, he was promoted helmsman on the ''Bretagne''. American Revolutionary war On 29 June 1778, he volunteered for service on the ''Vengeur'', taking part in the Battle of Ushant (1778), the Battle of Grenada, the Battle of Martinique (1779), the Battle of Martinique (1780) and in action off Saint Lucia on 16 and 19 May 1780. On 18 February 1781, he was promoted to Lieutenant de frégate, and appointed to ''Scipion''. Aboard, he to ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Quimper
Quimper (, ; br, Kemper ; la, Civitas Aquilonia or ) is a commune and prefecture of the Finistère department of Brittany in northwestern France. Administration Quimper is the prefecture (capital) of the Finistère department. Geography The city was built on the confluence of the Steir, Odet and Jet rivers. Route National 165, D785, D765 and D783 were constructed to intersect here, northwest of Lorient, west of Rennes, and west-southwest of Paris. Climate Quimper has a oceanic climate (Köppen climate classification ''Cfb''). The average annual temperature in Quimper is . The average annual rainfall is with December as the wettest month. The temperatures are highest on average in August, at around , and lowest in February, at around . The highest temperature ever recorded in Quimper was on 30 June 1976; the coldest temperature ever recorded was on 13 January 1987. Etymology The name ''Quimper'' comes from the Breton ''kemper'', meaning "confluent". History Qui ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Action Of 18 October 1782
The action of 18 October 1782 was a minor naval engagement of the American Revolutionary War, in which the French 74-gun ship of the line ''Scipion'', accompanied by the 40-gun frigate ''Sibylle'', was chased by two Royal Navy ships of the line, the 98-gun HMS ''London'' and the 74-gun ''Torbay''. Outmanoeuvring her larger opponents, ''Scipion'' obtained a favourable position that allowed her to rake ''London'', causing severe damage and allowing her to continue running from the superior British force. ''Scipion'' went to anchor in Samaná Bay but while doing so hit a rock and sank, while ''Sibylle'' succeeded in escaping the area. Action On 17 October 1782, during the American Revolutionary War, a British squadron consisting of the 98-gun ship of the line HMS ''London'', 74-gun ship of the line HMS ''Torbay'', and 14-gun sloop HMS ''Badger'' was sailing off the coast of San Domingo when they spotted two strange sails. The squadron chased the ships to the north-west and di ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Ship Mont Blanc (1793)
''Mont Blanc'' was a 74-gun third-rate ship of the line of the French Navy. In the course of her career, she was renamed no less than four times, reflecting the tides of politics with the French Revolution. During the Wars of the First and Second Coalitions, ''Mont Blanc'' took part in the last actions of the Glorious First of June, in the Croisière du Grand Hiver, in the Battle of Hyères Islands and in Bruix' expedition of 1799; after peace was restored in the Treaty of Lunéville, she served during the Saint-Domingue expedition. ''Mont Blanc'' took part of the vanguard of the French fleet the Battle of Trafalgar on 21 October 1805, and consequently saw little action as this division was cut off from the battle. The squadron was destroyed during the Battle of Cape Ortegal on 4 November 1805, where ''Mont Blanc'' was captured. She was recommissioned in the Royal Navy but never saw action again. Career She was built at Rochefort as ''Pyrrhus'' in 1791. She was renamed ' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Expédition D'Irlande
The French expedition to Ireland, known in French as the ''Expédition d'Irlande'' ("Expedition to Ireland"), was an unsuccessful attempt by the French Republic to assist the outlawed Society of United Irishmen, a popular rebel Irish republican group, in their planned rebellion against British rule during the French Revolutionary Wars. The French intended to land a large expeditionary force in Ireland during the winter of 1796–1797 which would join with the United Irishmen and drive the British out of Ireland. The French anticipated that this would be a major blow to British morale, prestige and military effectiveness, and was also intended to possibly be the first stage of an eventual invasion of Britain itself. To this end, the Directory gathered a force of approximately 15,000 soldiers at Brest under General Lazare Hoche during late 1796, in readiness for a major landing at Bantry Bay in December. The operation was launched during one of the stormiest winters of the 18th c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Ship Fougueux (1785)
''Fougueux'' was a 74-gun French ship of the line built at Lorient from 1784 to 1785 by engineer Segondat. Ship history In 1796, she took part in the Expédition d'Irlande under Esprit-Tranquille Maistral. She took part in the Battle of Trafalgar, firing the first shot of the battle upon . She later attempted to come to the aid of the by engaging . After badly damaging the ''Fougueux'' with broadsides, ''Temeraire''s first-lieutenant, Thomas Fortescue Kennedy, led a boarding party onto ''Fougueux'', entering the French ship via her main deck ports and chains. The French tried to defend the decks port by port, but were steadily overwhelmed. ''Fougueux''s captain, Louis Alexis Baudoin, had suffered a fatal wound earlier in the fighting, leaving Commander François Bazin in charge. On learning that nearly all of the officers were dead or wounded and that most of the guns were out of action, Bazin surrendered the ship to Kennedy. According to the report of Captain Lucas of t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Ship Terrible (1779)
The ''Terrible'' was a 110-gun ship of the line of the French Navy, lead ship of her class. Career In 1780, she was under Chateauvert. In 1783, she took part in a Franco-Spanish fleet assembled before Cádiz under Admiral d'Estaing, but the end of the American War of Independence occurred before it saw action.Levot, p.191 She took part in the Bataille du 13 prairial an 2, where she was dismasted by HMS ''Royal Sovereign''. She later took part in the campaign of Winter 1794–1795, and in the Cruise of Bruix A cruise is any travel on a cruise ship. Cruise or Cruises may also refer to: Tourism * Booze cruise * Music cruise * River cruise Aeronautics and aircraft * Cruise (aeronautics), a distinct stage of an aircraft's flight * Aviasouz Cruise, a R .... She was decommissioned in 1802, condemned in May 1804, and eventually broken up in October. Sources and references Notes References Bibliography * * (1671-1870) * Ships of the line of the French N ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thermidorian Reaction
The Thermidorian Reaction (french: Réaction thermidorienne or ''Convention thermidorienne'', "Thermidorian Convention") is the common term, in the historiography of the French Revolution, for the period between the ousting of Maximilien Robespierre on 9 Thermidor II, or 27 July 1794, and the inauguration of the French Directory on 2 November 1795. The "Thermidorian Reaction" was named after Thermidor, the month in which the coup took place and was the latter part of the National Convention's rule of France. It was marked by the end of the Reign of Terror, decentralization of executive powers from the Committee of Public Safety and a turn from the radical Jacobin policies of the The Mountain, Montagnard Convention to more conservative positions. Economic and general populism, dechristianization, and harsh wartime measures were largely abandoned, as the members of the convention, disillusioned and frightened of the centralized government of the Terror, preferred a more stable polit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Château De Brest
The Château de Brest ( br, Kastell Brest) is a castle in Brest, Finistère, France. The oldest monument in the town, it is located at the mouth of the river Penfeld at the heart of the roadstead of Brest, one of the largest roadsteads in the world. From the Roman castellum to Vauban's citadel, the site has over 1700 years of history, holding right up to the present day its original role as a military fortress and a strategic location of the highest importance. It is thus the oldest castle in the world still in use, and was classified as a monument historique on 21 March 1923. The structure's heterogeneous architecture has been the result of continual adaptations to developments in siege warfare and armament on land and sea. The château stands on the opposite bank to the Tour Tanguy combining to defend the entrance to the Penfeld. An ideal geographic location The Roadstead of Brest, well-protected by a narrow "goulet" but sufficiently large to allow ships to turn or move ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Ship Éole (1789)
''Éole'' was a 74-gun ship of the line of the French Navy. Between 1791 and 1793, she was based in Saint-Domingue. She took part in the Glorious First of June, where she and dismasted . She later took part in the Expédition d'Irlande, an ill-fated attempt to invade Ireland. On 19 August 1806, during the Atlantic campaign of 1806, she was dismasted by a tempest off Martinique Martinique ( , ; gcf, label=Martinican Creole, Matinik or ; Kalinago: or ) is an island and an overseas department/region and single territorial collectivity of France. An integral part of the French Republic, Martinique is located in th ..., and had to be taken in tow by American ships to Annapolis. She was eventually condemned in 1811, and broken up in 1816. Several of her 36-pounder long guns were loaned to Fort McHenry in 1813 and used in the Battle of Baltimore, defence of Baltimore in September 1814. See also * List of ships of the line of France References Ships of the line ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
HMS Amelia (1796)
''Proserpine'' was a 38-gun of the French Navy launched in 1785 that captured on 13 June 1796. The Admiralty commissioned ''Proserpine'' into the Royal Navy as the fifth rate, HMS ''Amelia''. She spent 20 years in the Royal Navy, participating in numerous actions in the French Revolutionary and Napoleonic Wars, capturing a number of prizes, and serving on anti-smuggling and anti-slavery patrols. Her most notable action was her intense and bloody, but inconclusive, fight in 1813 with the French frigate ''Aréthuse''. ''Amelia'' was broken up in December 1816. Construction ''Proserpine'' was a built for the French Navy of the ''Ancien Régime'' in Brest. Jacques-Noël Sané designed her as well as five sister ships and she was rated for thirty-eight guns. French naval service (1785–1796) ''Proserpine'' was stationed at Saint Domingue from 1786 until 1788. In 1792, she was under Ensign Van Stabel. From 1793, she served as a commerce raider under Captain Jean-Baptiste P ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Ship Léopard (1787)
''Léopard'' was a 74-gun ship of the line of the French Navy. Career On 30 October 1788, ''Léopard'' departed Toulon for a cruise in the Caribbean, under Captain de la Galissoninère.Les Barrin de la Galissoninère', Pierre Roucou, ''Le Pallet, Patrie d'Abélard'', 2e édition 2003, Association culturelle Pierre Abélard, édition avril 2006. On 15 September 1790, a fight between sailors from ''Léopard'' and caused a mutiny; the entire crew of ''Léopard'' was expelled from the Navy by a decree of the National Constituent Assembly. From 1792, ''Léopard'' took part in the Expédition de Sardaigne under Captain Bourdon-Gramont, capturing Carloforte on 8 January 1793. On 17 February, ''Léopard'' ran aground in a storm off Cagliari Cagliari (, also , , ; sc, Casteddu ; lat, Caralis) is an Italian municipality and the capital of the island of Sardinia, an autonomous region of Italy. Cagliari's Sardinian name ''Casteddu'' means ''castle''. It has about 155,000 i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
74-gun
The "seventy-four" was a type of two- decked sailing ship of the line, which nominally carried 74 guns. It was developed by the French navy in the 1740s, replacing earlier classes of 60- and 62-gun ships, as a larger complement to the recently-developed 64-gun ships. Impressed with the performance of several captured French seventy-fours, the British Royal Navy quickly adopted similar designs, classing them as third rates. The type then spread to the Spanish, Dutch, Danish and Russian navies. The design was considered a good balance between firepower and sailing qualities. Hundreds of seventy-fours were constructed, becoming the dominant form of ship-of-the-line. They remained the mainstay of most major fleets into the early 19th century. From the 1820s, they began to be replaced by larger two-decked ships mounting more guns. However some seventy-fours remained in service until the late 19th century, when they were finally supplanted by ironclads. Standardising on a common ship s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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