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Escadrille 103
''Escadrille 103'' of the French Air Force was an elite aviation unit on the Western Front during World War I. One of its many aces, René Fonck was the highest scoring Allied fighter-pilot. History Escadrille 103 was formed from '' Breguet Escadrille 17'', which was founded on 2 August 1914 at Longvic. On 16 November 1914, it re-equipped with Voisins, becoming ''Escadrille VB.3''. On 23 November 1914, it was posted to ''Groupe de Bombardment No. 1'', commanded by Commandant Louis de Goys de Mezeyrac. On 4 March 1915, it was redesignated ''Escadrille VB.103''. As part of GB.1, the escadrille was cited for its valor on 27 May 1915. General Ferdinand Foch issued the citation on 1 June. Foch would issue a second citation on 19 September 1915, based on the bombing raids of the 13th on Ludwigshafen.Franks, Bailey 1992, p. 103. On 19 February 1916, the escadrille was converted to an ''escadrille de chasse'' (fighter squadron). It was issued Nieuports and renumbered as ''Escadrille ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spad S
SPAD may refer to: In aircraft manufacture * Société Pour L'Aviation et ses Dérivés, also Société Provisoire des Aéroplanes Deperdussin and Blériot-SPAD, French aircraft manufacturer (1912–1921) * SPAD VII, SPAD S.XII and SPAD S.XIII, French fighter planes of World War I produced by Société Pour L'Aviation et ses Dérivés * A-1 Skyraider, nicknamed ''Spad'', an attack aircraft (1950s and 1960s) * Simple Plastic Airplane Design, a type of radio-controlled model airplane In science * Single Pass Albumin Dialysis, liver dialysis * Single-photon avalanche diode, a photodetector Other uses * Special adviser (UK), a government post * Self-propelled air defence, weapons * Signal passed at danger by a train * ''Suruhanjaya Pengangkutan Awam Darat'', the Land Public Transport Commission of Malaysia See also * Spade (other) A spade is a digging and gardening tool. Spade or Spades may also refer to: Cards * Spades (card game), a trick-taking card game *Spades (s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Escadrille 3
''Escadrille 3'' ''Les Cigognes'' ('The Storks') was a famous French aviation unit during the World War I. It was often referred to as the 'Stork Escadrille N3' due to its insignia. Pilots from Groupe de Combat 12 adopted the name and placed images of storks in different phases of flying on their planes.Guttman, Jon. Groupe ''De Combat 12, Les Cigognes: France's Ace Fighter Group in World War 1''. Oxford: Osprey, 2004. History Escadrille 3 was formed in July 1912 at Avord as ''Escadrille B13'', equipped with Bleriots. It began World War I with the Bleriots; however, on 18 March 1915, it was re-equipped with Morane-Saulnier machines and redesignated ''Escadrille MS3''. Capitaine Felix Brocard assumed command on 28 April 1915. By 20 September, it had once again re-equipped, this time with Nieuport scouts; its new designation was ''Escadrille N3''.Franks, Bailey 1992, p. 89. On 16 April 1916, the unit had been amalgamated into ''Groupement de Combat de la Somme'', along with ' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Breguet Type IV
Breguet or Bréguet may refer to: * Breguet (watch), watch manufacturer **Abraham-Louis Breguet (1747–1823), Swiss watchmaker **Louis-François-Clement Breguet (1804–1883), French physicist, watchmaker, electrical and telegraph work * Bréguet Aviation, a defunct French aircraft manufacturer **Louis Charles Bréguet (1880–1955), French airplane designer * Breguet School, now known as École supérieure d'ingénieurs en électronique et électrotechnique ESIEE (previously named ''École Supérieure d'Ingénieurs en Électrotechnique et Électronique'') is a network of French graduate schools ("French Grande Ecole") composed of two graduate schools of engineering known as ESIEE Paris, ESIEE Amiens, ... (ESIEE) {{disambiguation ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Auguste Baux
Adjutant Auguste Baux (9 July 1892 – 17 July 1918) was a French World War I flying ace credited with five aerial victories. Biography Baux first served in the infantry, and on 3 October 1914 during the fighting on the Western Front was taken prisoner by the Germans. However he managed to escape and returned to the French lines. He later transferred to the Army's aviation service, gaining Military Pilot's Certificate No. 5484, and was then posted to ''Escadrille N 103'' on 4 May 1917, flying Nieuports. The unit was renamed ''Escadrille SPA 103'' in April 1917, after re-equipping with SPAD aircraft. Baux's first confirmed aerial victory came on 16 March 1918 after shooting down an Albatros D.V fighter over Witry-lès-Reims. On 22 March he and two other pilots were jointly credited with shooting down a Rumpler two-seater reconnaissance aircraft over Rilly-la-Montagne. On 22 April Baux and Sgt Gilbert Loup claimed two fighters shot down over Laval, but their claims were denied. O ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prisoner Of War
A prisoner of war (POW) is a person who is held captive by a belligerent power during or immediately after an armed conflict. The earliest recorded usage of the phrase "prisoner of war" dates back to 1610. Belligerents hold prisoners of war in custody for a range of legitimate and illegitimate reasons, such as isolating them from the enemy combatants still in the field (releasing and repatriating them in an orderly manner after hostilities), demonstrating military victory, punishing them, prosecuting them for war crimes, exploiting them for their labour, recruiting or even conscripting them as their own combatants, collecting military and political intelligence from them, or indoctrinating them in new political or religious beliefs. Ancient times For most of human history, depending on the culture of the victors, enemy fighters on the losing side in a battle who had surrendered and been taken as prisoners of war could expect to be either slaughtered or enslaved. Ear ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Observation Balloon
An observation balloon is a type of balloon that is employed as an aerial platform for intelligence gathering and artillery spotting. Use of observation balloons began during the French Revolutionary Wars, reaching their zenith during World War I, and they continue in limited use today. Synonyms include espionage balloon, reconnaissance balloon, or surveillance balloon. Historically, observation balloons were filled with hydrogen. The balloons were fabric envelopes filled with hydrogen gas, whose flammable nature led to the destruction of hundreds of balloons on both sides. Observers manning these observation balloons frequently had to use a parachute to evacuate their balloon when it came under attack. To avoid the potentially flammable consequences of hydrogen, observation balloons after World War I were often filled with non-flammable helium. Typically, balloons were tethered to a steel cable attached to a winch that reeled the gasbag to its desired height (usually 1,000-1,5 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Second Army (France)
The Second Army (french: IIe Armée) was a field army of the French Army during World War I and World War II. The Army became famous for fighting the Battle of Verdun in 1916 under Generals Philippe Pétain and Robert Nivelle. Commanders World War I * General de Curières de Castelnau (Mobilization – 21 June 1915) * General Pétain (21 June 1915 – 1 May 1916) * General Nivelle (1 May 1916 – 15 December 1916) * General Guillaumat (15 December 1916 – 11 December 1917) * General Auguste Edouard Hirschauer (11 December 1917 – 22 December 1918) * General Antoine Baucheron de Boissoudy (22 December 1918 – 11 February 1919) World War II * General Charles Huntziger (2 September 1939 – 5 June 1940) * General Henry Freydenberg (5 June – 31 July 1940) See also * List of French armies in WWI List of armies — List of French armies in World War I This page is a list of French army formations existing during World War I World War I (28 July 1914 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Fifth Army (France)
The Fifth Army (french: Ve Armée) was a fighting force that participated in World War I. Under its commander, Louis Franchet d'Espèrey, it led the attacks which resulted in the victory at the First Battle of the Marne in 1914. World War I Commanders *General Lanrezac (Mobilization - 3 September 1914) *General Franchet d'Espérey (3 September 1914 - 31 March 1916) *General Mazel (31 March 1916 - 22 May 1917) ::Fought in the Second Battle of the Aisne *General Micheler (22 May 1917 - 10 June 1918) *General Buat (10 June 1918 - 5 July 1918) *General Berthelot (5 July 1918 - 7 October 1918) *General Guillaumat (7 October 1918 - Armistice) Notable People During the first World War, Louis II of Monaco served as a Brigadier General. World War II Commanders *General Victor Bourret (2 September 1939 – 26 June 1940) References See also *List of French armies in WWI List of armies — List of French armies in World War I This page is a list of French arm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Flanders
Flanders (, ; Dutch: ''Vlaanderen'' ) is the Flemish-speaking northern portion of Belgium and one of the communities, regions and language areas of Belgium. However, there are several overlapping definitions, including ones related to culture, language, politics, and history, and sometimes involving neighbouring countries. The demonym associated with Flanders is Fleming, while the corresponding adjective is Flemish. The official capital of Flanders is the City of Brussels, although the Brussels-Capital Region that includes it has an independent regional government. The powers of the government of Flanders consist, among others, of economic affairs in the Flemish Region and the community aspects of Flanders life in Brussels, such as Flemish culture and education. Geographically, Flanders is mainly flat, and has a small section of coast on the North Sea. It borders the French department of Nord to the south-west near the coast, the Dutch provinces of Zeeland, North Brabant an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
First Army (France)
The First Army (french: 1re Armée) was a field army of France that fought during World War I and World War II. It was also active during the Cold War. First World War On mobilization in August 1914, General Auguste Dubail was put in the charge of the First Army, which comprised the 7th, 8th, 13th, 14th, and 21st Army Corps, two divisions of cavalry and one reserve infantry division. It was massed between Belfort and the general line Mirecourt-Lunéville with headquarters at Epinal. First Army then took part, along with the French Second Army, in the Invasion of Lorraine. The First Army intended to take the strongly defended town of Sarrebourg. Bavarian Crown Prince Rupprecht, commander of the German Sixth Army, was tasked with stopping the French invasion. The French attack was repulsed by Rupprecht and his stratagem of pretending to retreat and then strongly attacking back. On 20 August Rupprecht launched a major counter-offensive, driving the French armies out. Dub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Seventh Army (France)
The Seventh Army (french: VIIe Armée) was a field army of the French Army during World War I and World War II. World War I Created on 4 April 1915 to defend the front between the Swiss border and Lorraine, the Seventh Army was the successor of the independent Army Detachment of the Vosges under General Putz. This Detachment had been created on 8 December 1914, with the stabilisation of the Western Front as successor of the Army of Alsace, Groupement des Vosges and 34th Army Corps. The Seventh Army held the same position until the end of the War. Its major involvements were the Battle of Hartmannswillerkopf and the Battle of Le Linge in 1915. World War II The Seventh Army was re-formed on 3 September 1939 as a strategic reserve force. On 11 November, under General Henri Giraud, it became part of the 1st Army Group and was deployed to northern Belgium, under the Allied Dyle Plan. Following the German offensives in Western Europe from 10 May 1940, the Seventh Army advanced into t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tenth Army (France)
The Tenth Army (french: Xe Armée) was a Field army of the French Army during World War I and World War II. World War I The Tenth Army, first called ''détachement d'armée Maud'huy'', was formed on 1 October 1914 during the Race to the Sea. It gained a victory in the Battle of Arras (1914). Later, it took part in the Second Battle of Artois (May 1915), the Third Battle of Artois (September 1915), the Battle of the Somme (July 1916), and the Second Battle of the Aisne (April 1917). In October 1917, at the request of the Italian Supreme Commander, General Luigi Cadorna, the Tenth Army moved onto the Italian Front alongside British Expeditionary Force units, together forming the Italian Expeditionary Force. For this operation the army included the 12th Army Corps and the 31st Army Corps, for a total of six infantry divisions of French troops. The Italians had been pushed back at the Battle of Caporetto by German Army reinforced Austro-Hungarian divisions. French forces were ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
