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Epiponini
The Epiponini (formerly known as Polybiini) are a large and diverse tribe of social wasps inhabiting the Neotropical region, with some species' ranges extending into the Nearctic region. Selected species * ''Apoica pallens'' * ''Leipomeles dorsata'' * ''Parachartergus apicalis'' * ''Parachartergus colobopterus'' * ''Polybia sericea'' * ''Protopolybia exigua'' * ''Synoeca cyanea'' * ''Brachygastra mellifica'' Vespidae {{Vespidae-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Apoica Pallens
The Central American paper wasp (''Apoica pallens'') is a nocturnality, nocturnal eusociality, eusocial wasp (family (biology), family Vespidae). It is famous for its swarm based emigration behavior, and is native to the lowlands of Central and northern South America. This species has developed special night vision adaptations to facilitate their night-time swarming and foraging behavior and has important medicinal properties for the Pankararú language, Pankararú people of Brazil. Taxonomy and phylogenetics ''Apoica pallens'' is part of the tribe Epiponini, a group including paper wasps found in neotropical regions. ''Apoica'' is one of the basal (phylogenetics), basal genera in the Tribe (biology), tribe. The species is most closely related to ''Apoica flavissima''. ''Apoica pallens'' was described by Johan Christian Fabricius in 1804. Description and identification ''Apoica pallens'' is pale yellow in color. Like other species found within the Epiponini, there is morpholog ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leipomeles Dorsata
''Leipomeles dorsata ''is a neotropical paper wasp that is found across Central America and northern South America. It is a eusocial wasp with little differentiation between reproducing and non-reproducing females. In fact, workers can become temporary reproductives if the main reproductives are killed, allowing reproduction to continue until the main reproductive population recovers. The colony cycles through different ratios of main reproductive females and subordinate reproductive females, starting with few or no primary reproducing females, and increasing until there are only main reproductives. Taxonomy and phylogeny ''L. dorsata '' is part of the tribe Epiponini, a group of neotropical eusocial wasps. This species has a complex taxonomic history. Other species have been synonymized into this species, the first being by Fabricus in 1804. The initial classification of the species ''Polybia nana ''became ''Leipomeles nana ''in 1912 and was eventually synonymized with ''L. dors ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Brachygastra
Honey wasps are species in the genus ''Brachygastra'' of the family Vespidae. ''Brachygastra'' comprises 17 species of social paper wasps. The ancestral species are thought to have diverged about 32 million years ago within diverse Amazonian rainforest. Subsequent speciation within the genus is thought to have mostly occurred between 23 Ma and 10 Ma, during the time of the Andean uplift when the landscape was significantly altered due to tectonic activity. The current cladistic organisation of the genus has been heavily reliant on morphological characteristics. ''Brachygastra'' species live in colonies and construct arboreal paper nests in humid forest environments, although several species occur in open vegetation. They are widely distributed in Central and South America, and also occur in southwest areas of North America. They have a broad diet consisting of floral nectar and insect protein. Several species are known to collect and store nectar in large amounts as honey, a cha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Apoica
''Apoica'' is a genus of eusocial paper wasps found throughout the Central and South American tropics. These wasps are truly nocturnal, carrying out their foraging activities after the setting of the sun. They prefer to construct their nests, which have an open comb like many paper wasps, under large leaves, or in shrubs. During the day, wasps covering the comb fan their wings to cool the nest, keeping it at a suitable temperature for larval development. When attacking prey, ''Apoica'' release a drop of venom from their stings, which in turn attracts any nearby wasps to attack. Species *'' Apoica albimacula'' (Fabricius) *'' Apoica ambracarina'' Pickett *'' Apoica arborea'' Saussure *''Apoica flavissima'' Van der Vecht *'' Apoica gelida'' Van der Vecht *''Apoica pallens The Central American paper wasp (''Apoica pallens'') is a nocturnality, nocturnal eusociality, eusocial wasp (family (biology), family Vespidae). It is famous for its swarm based emigration behavior, and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polybia
''Polybia'' is a genus of eusocial wasps ranging from Central to South America (Mexico to Brazil, Argentina). Some produce enough honey to be collected and eaten by local people. Species *''Rutilotrixa lateralis'' (Walker, 1849) *'' Rutilotrixa diversa'' ( Paramonov, 1954) *'' Polybia aequatorialis'' Zavattari, 1906 *'' Polybia affinis'' Buysson, 1908 *'' Polybia anglica'' Cockerell, 1921 *'' Polybia barbouri'' Bequard, 1943 *''Polybia batesi'' Richards, 1978 *'' Polybia belemensis'' Richards, 1970 *'' Polybia bicytarella'' Richards, 1951 *'' Polybia bifasciata'' Saussure, 1854 *''Polybia bistriata'' ( Fabricius, 1804) *''Polybia brunnea'' (Curtis, 1844) *''Polybia brunneiceps'' Cameron, 1912 *''Polybia catillifex'' Moebius, 1856 *''Polybia chrysothorax'' (Lichtenstein) *''Polybia depressa'' (Ducke, 1905) *''Polybia diguetana'' Buysson, 1905 *''Polybia dimidiata'' (Olivier, 1791) *'' Polybia dimorpha'' Richards, 1978 *'' Polybia divisoria'' Richards, 1978 *'' Polybia eberhardae ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parachartergus
''Parachartergus'' is a genus of epiponine social wasps belonging to the subfamily Polistinae. Species include: *'' Parachartergus amazonensis'' *''Parachartergus apicalis'' - known to form mutualistic relationships with treehoppers. The male genitalia are noted for their movements of "startling complexity". *'' Parachartergus aztecus'' *'' Parachartergus colobopterus'' - unusually nests contain several queens. The species is docile, preferring to leave the nest than mount an attack. *'' Parachartergus griseus'' (Fox, 1898) *'' Parachartergus fasciipennis'' (Ducke, 1905) *'' Parachartergus flavofasciatus'' *''Parachartergus fraternus ''Parachartergus fraternus'' is a neotropical, swarm founding, polistine wasp species that is distributed throughout Central and South America.Leonardo, Paula C., Flavio R. Andrade, and Fabio Prezoto. "Foraging Behavior in the Neotropical Swarm- ...'' (Gribodo, 1892) - closely related to ''P. apicalis'' and has been studied extensively *'' Paracha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parachartergus Colobopterus
''Parachartergus colobopterus'' is an epiponine social wasp belonging to the subfamily Polistinae. This species can be found through Central and South America and is unique because its colonies contain multiple queens. However, relatedness among nest mates remains relatively high as a result of cyclical oligogyny, which is a system where the number of queens varies over time. Because workers and queens do not demonstrate any significant morphological differentiation, individuals of this species are ''totipotent'', capable of differentiation into any caste, because caste is not genetically determined. Relatedness and conflict therefore play a major role in determining the dominance hierarchy and behavioral patterns of this wasp species, especially the behavior of worker policing. Another unique characteristic of this wasp is that it is generally a docile species: when the nest is continuously provoked, the colony members will leave the nest instead of mounting an attack. Taxonomy ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Polistinae
The Polistinae is a subfamily of eusocial wasps belonging to the Family (biology), family Vespidae. They are closely related to the more familiar wasps (“yellowjackets” as they are called in North America) and true hornets of the subfamily Vespinae, containing four tribes. With about 1,100 species total, it is the second-most diverse subfamily within the Vespidae, and while most species are tropical or subtropical, they include some of the most frequently encountered large wasps in temperate regions. The Polistinae are also known as paper wasps, which is a misleading term, since other wasps (including the wasps in the subfamily Vespinae) also build nests out of paper, and because some epiponine wasps (e.g., ''Polybia emaciata'') build theirs out of mud, nonetheless, the name "paper wasp" seems to apply mostly, but not exclusively, to the Polistinae, especially the Polistini. Many polistines, such as ''Polistes fuscatus,'' ''Polistes annularis'', and ''Polistes exclamans'', m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parachartergus Apicalis
''Parachartergus apicalis'' is a species of wasp in the Polistinae subfamily, found in the Neotropics. It was first described by Johan Christian Fabricius in 1804. In Honduras, they are known as ', which translates into English as "white wings". Behaviour They have been observed to swarm when they move between nests, with the behaviour occurring between April and May in Paraguay. At times they form temporary compact clusters along the route of the swarm; each cluster is evenly spaced and individuals move from one clump to the next, with the clumps at the back shrinking, whilst those at the front grow. It is uncertain how they navigate between the clumps, but it is thought they use either visual or olfactory cues. False swarming can also occur when strong winds prevent foragers from entering the nest. They have been recorded to tend species of treehopper, plant sap-feeding insects, during the daytime, an example of a mutualistic relationship. The wasp protects the treehopper nym ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chartergellus
''Chartergellus'' is a genus of eusocial wasp A wasp is any insect of the narrow-waisted suborder Apocrita of the order Hymenoptera which is neither a bee nor an ant; this excludes the broad-waisted sawflies (Symphyta), which look somewhat like wasps, but are in a separate suborder. Th ...s of Epiponini with ten described species. The range of the species within this genus extends from Costa Rica to southeastern Brazil. The genus was described by J. Becquaert in 1938. Species * '' Chartergellus afoveatus'' Cooper 1993 * '' Chartergellus amazonicus'' Richards 1978 * '' Chartergellus atectus'' Richards 1978 * '' Chartergellus communis'' Richards 1978 * '' Chartergellus frontalis'' (Fabricius 1804) * '' Chartergellus jeannei'' Andena and Soleman 2015 * '' Chartergellus nigerrimus'' Richards 1978 * '' Chartergellus punctatior'' Richards 1978 * '' Chartergellus sanctus'' Richards 1978 * '' Chartergellus zonatus'' (Spinosa 1851) References Vespidae {{Vespidae-st ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Protonectarina
''Protonectarina sylveirae'', commonly referred to as the Brazilian wasp, is a neotropical swarm-founding wasp species that ranges widely across South America. This species relies heavily on the consumption of animal protein rather than nectar. ''P. sylveirae'' preys heavily on agricultural pests to coffee crops, keeping pest populations low. Taxonomy and phylogeny ''P. sylveirae'' belongs to the order Hymenoptera, which contains roughly 100,000 species of bees, ants, and wasps. The species belongs to the eusocial tribe Epiponini, which is characterized by complex nests, morphological differences between castes, and the occurrence of reproductive polygyny. ''P. sylveirae'' is the only species within its genus, and is most closely related to genera ''Polybia'' and ''Protopolybia''. Description ''Protonectarina'' is characterized by its relatively hairy eyes, and can be diagnosed by the width of the clypeus, or the front of the head. Queens have a lighter-colored body and a wide ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Angiopolybia
''Angiopolybia'' is a genus from the tribe ''Epiponini''. The species was originally described by R L Araujo in 1946. Description ''Angiopolybia'' is a Neotropical swarming-founding social wasp. The nests of ''Angiopolybia'' are ovoid or bottle-shaped, with a single entry at the lower part. Taxonomy The genus is composed of four species: * ''Angiopolybia pallens'' * '' Angiopolybia paraensis'' * '' Angiopolybia obidensis'' * '' Angiopolybia zischkai'' Range ''Angiopolybia'' has been observed from Costa Rica to the south-central region of Brazil, with the exception of Angiopolybia pallens ''Angiopolybia pallens'' is a species of social wasp predominantly found in South America. The wasp is generally seen in Brazilian rainforests. This species was discovered by Lepeletier in 1836. It typically feeds on nectar and carrion. In fa ..., which only occurs in the northern Atlantic coast of the Amazon. References * Hymenoptera genera Hymenoptera of South America Ve ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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