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Eosimiidae
Eosimiidae is the possible family of extinct primates believed to be the earliest simians. Taxonomy When they were discovered the possibility that Eosimians were outside and ancestral to Simians was considered (Culotta 1992), but subsequent work showed them to be Simians (Kay et al. 1997, Ross et al. 1998). Some scholars continue to question whether the eosimiids are simians, as they seem closer to Tarsiiformes - Gunnell and Miller (2001), for instance, found that eosimiid morphology didn't match up to anthropoid (simian) morphology.Primate Adaptation and Evolution: 3rd Edition, Ch. 13, p 279-281 However, most experts now place Eosimians as stem simians - Williams, Kay and Kirk (2010) note this is because more and more evidence points in that direction. Williams, Kay and Kirk note that (as at late 2009), accounting for all proposed species, there would be 11 species in total in 6 genera (Amphipithecidae, '' Anthrasimias'', '' Bahinia'', ''Eosimias'', '' Phenacopithecus'', '' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Simians
The simians, anthropoids, or higher primates are an infraorder (Simiiformes ) of primates containing all animals traditionally called monkeys and apes. More precisely, they consist of the parvorders New World monkeys (Platyrrhini) and Catarrhini, the latter of which consists of the superfamilies Cercopithecidae (Old World monkeys in the stricter sense) and apes (Hominoidea; including the genus ''Homo''). The simians are sister group to the tarsiers (Tarsiiformes), together forming the haplorhines. The radiation occurred about 60 million years ago (during the Cenozoic era); 40 million years ago, simians colonized South America, giving rise to the New World monkeys. The remaining simians (catarrhines) split about 25 million years ago into Cercopithecidae and apes (including humans). Taxonomy and evolution In earlier classification, New World monkeys, Old World monkeys, apes, and humans – collectively known as simians or anthropoids – were grouped under Anthropoidea (; ), w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Simian
The simians, anthropoids, or higher primates are an infraorder (Simiiformes ) of primates containing all animals traditionally called monkeys and apes. More precisely, they consist of the parvorders New World monkeys (Platyrrhini) and Catarrhini, the latter of which consists of the superfamilies Cercopithecidae (Old World monkeys in the stricter sense) and apes (Hominoidea; including the genus ''Homo (genus), Homo''). The simians are sister group to the Tarsiiformes, tarsiers (Tarsiiformes), together forming the Haplorhini, haplorhines. The radiation occurred about 60 million years ago (during the Cenozoic era); 40 million years ago, simians colonized South America, giving rise to the New World monkeys. The remaining simians (catarrhines) split about 25 million years ago into Old World monkey, Cercopithecidae and apes (including humans). Taxonomy and evolution In earlier classification, New World monkeys, Old World monkeys, apes, and humans – collectively known as simians or ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phileosimias
''Phileosimias'' ("''Eosimias'' ally") is an extinct genus of primates with two species, ''P. kamli'' and ''P. bahuiorum'', that are believed to be amongst the early simians. Marivaux ''et al.'' announced in 2005 their discovery of fossils of two new species, ''Phileosimias kamali'' and ''Phileosimias brahuiorum'', found in the Bugti Hills of Pakistan. They concluded that ''Phileosimias'' are almost certainly early simians. However, they felt the fossil evidence (primarily dental specimens) was insufficient to categorise them as Eosimiidae (along with other early simians) or whether they were sufficiently different to be placed into a separate group. The shapes of their molars and premolars differ from species already classified as Eosimidae.Full text PDF The two species are ''Phileosimias brahuiorum'' and ''Phileosimias kamali'', which is slightly larger, but both are estimated to have weighed about 250 grams. They were extant during the Early Oligocene epoch.Tuttle Tuttle m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tarsiiformes
Tarsiiformes are a group of primates that once ranged across Europe, northern Africa, Asia, and North America, but whose extant species are all found in the islands of Southeast Asia. Tarsiers (family Tarsiidae) are the only living members of the infraorder; other members of Tarsiidae include the extinct ''Tarsius eocaenus'' from the Eocene, and '' Tarsius thailandicus'' from the Miocene. Two extinct genera, '' Xanthorhysis'' and ''Afrotarsius'', are considered to be close relatives of the living tarsiers, and are generally classified within Tarsiiformes, with the former grouped within family Tarsiidae, and the latter listed as ''incertae sedis'' (undefined). Omomyids are generally considered to be extinct relatives, or even ancestors, of the living tarsiers, and are often classified within Tarsiiformes. Other fossil primates, including Microchoeridae, Carpolestidae,McKenna, M.C., and Bell, S.K. 1997. ''Classification of Mammals Above the Species Level.'' Columbia Univer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Haplorhini
Haplorhini (), the haplorhines (Greek for "simple-nosed") or the "dry-nosed" primates, is a suborder of primates containing the tarsiers and the simians (Simiiformes or anthropoids), as sister of the Strepsirrhini ("moist-nosed"). The name is sometimes spelled Haplorrhini. The simians include catarrhines (Old World monkeys and apes, including humans), and the platyrrhines (New World monkeys). Haplorhini was proposed by Pocock in 1918 when he realized the tarsiers were actually sister to the monkeys rather than the lemurs, also following findings of Hugh Cuming 80 years earlier and Linnaeus 160 years earlier. For Linnaeus, this ensemble of primates constituted a genus "''Simia''". For religious reasons, ''Homo'' constituted its own genus (which has remained). The extinct omomyids, which are considered to be the most basal haplorhines, are believed to be more closely related to the tarsiers than to other haplorhines. The exact relationship is not yet fully established – Willia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eosimias Sinensis
''Eosimias'' is a genus of early primates, first discovered and identified in 1999 from fossils collected in the Shanghuang fissure-fillings of Liyang, the southern city of Jiangsu Province, China. It is a part of the family Eosimiidae, and includes three known species: ''Eosimias sinensis'', ''Eosimias centennicus'', and ''Eosimias dawsonae''. It provides us with a glimpse of a primate skeleton similar to that of the common ancestor of the Haplorhini (including all simians). The name ''Eosimias'' is designed to mean "dawn monkey", from Greek ''eos'' "dawn" and Latin ''simius'' "monkey". Dating has proven this genus lived from 45 to 40 million years ago in the middle Eocene. The genus ''Eosimias'' is unique because of the presence of primitive and derived traits. It provides new insight into the phylogenetic relationships between simians and prosimians (especially the phylogenetic position of the haplorhine prosimian tarsiers). It can best be described as a likely tree dweller th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eosimias
''Eosimias'' is a genus of early primates, first discovered and identified in 1999 from fossils collected in the Shanghuang fissure-fillings of Liyang, the southern city of Jiangsu Province, China. It is a part of the family Eosimiidae, and includes three known species: ''Eosimias sinensis'', ''Eosimias centennicus'', and ''Eosimias dawsonae''. It provides us with a glimpse of a primate skeleton similar to that of the common ancestor of the Haplorhini (including all simians). The name ''Eosimias'' is designed to mean "dawn monkey", from Greek ''eos'' "dawn" and Latin ''simius'' "monkey". Dating has proven this genus lived from 45 to 40 million years ago in the middle Eocene. The genus ''Eosimias'' is unique because of the presence of primitive and derived traits. It provides new insight into the phylogenetic relationships between simians and prosimians (especially the phylogenetic position of the haplorhine prosimian tarsiers). It can best be described as a likely tree dweller th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nosmips Aenigmaticus
''Nosmips aenigmaticus'' is a rare fossil primate known only from 12 teeth. Most teeth were found at a site in the Fayum Depression about outside Cairo, Egypt. ''Nosmips aenigmaticus'' probably lived 37 million years ago in Africa and has not been successfully classified within any group of primates. In particular, it is distinct from the three main branches of primate found in Africa at the time - anthropoids, adapiforms and lemuriforms. It is weakly associated with the Eosimiidae. Its premolars are specialised and the tooth enamel displays extensive signs of pitting, which would appear to be consistent with a diet of either seeds or fruits with hard pits. Name ''Nosmips'' is an anagram of Simpson. The name was chosen to honour paleontologist and anagram enthusiast George Gaylord Simpson George Gaylord Simpson (June 16, 1902 – October 6, 1984) was an American paleontologist. Simpson was perhaps the most influential paleontologist of the twentieth century, and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nosmips
''Nosmips aenigmaticus'' is a rare fossil primate known only from 12 teeth. Most teeth were found at a site in the Fayum Depression about outside Cairo, Egypt. ''Nosmips aenigmaticus'' probably lived 37 million years ago in Africa and has not been successfully classified within any group of primates. In particular, it is distinct from the three main branches of primate found in Africa at the time - anthropoids, adapiforms and lemuriforms. It is weakly associated with the Eosimiidae. Its premolars are specialised and the tooth enamel displays extensive signs of pitting, which would appear to be consistent with a diet of either seeds or fruits with hard pits. Name ''Nosmips'' is an anagram of Simpson. The name was chosen to honour paleontologist and anagram enthusiast George Gaylord Simpson George Gaylord Simpson (June 16, 1902 – October 6, 1984) was an American paleontologist. Simpson was perhaps the most influential paleontologist of the twentieth century, and a m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Amphipithecidae
The Amphipithecidae were simian primates that lived in Late Eocene and Early Oligocene. Fossils have been found in Myanmar, Thailand, and Pakistan. The limited fossil evidence is consistent with, but not exclusive to, arboreal quadrupedalism. In other words, the species may have moved about in trees on four legs, but not with regular leaping as seen in later simians. What little is known suggests that they are neither adapiform nor omomyid primates, two of the earliest primate groups to appear in the fossil record. Deep mandibles and mandibular molars with low, broad crowns suggest they are simians, a group that includes monkeys, apes, and humans, but are not within the two major extant groups of simians, the Catarrhini and Platyrrhini. Most scholars place them in the simians. However, some scholars suggest that their similarities to simians is the result of convergent evolution and that they should instead be considered Adapiformes. According to Beard et al., '' Siamopithecus'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Muangthanhinius
''Muangthanhinius'' is a genus of adapiform primate that lived in Asia during the late Eocene. Classification ''Muangthanhinius'' was initially classified as ''incertae sedis'' within Adapiformes because Marivaux et al. (2006) noted its distinctness from other named adapiform families. The authors noted its similarity to ''Bugtilemur'', questioning the latter's putative lemuriform affinities. Ni et al. (2016) recovered ''Muangthanhinius'' as part of the family Ekgmowechashalidae along with ''Ekgmowechashala'', ''Bugtilemur ''Bugtilemur'' is an extinct genus of Strepsirhine primate belonging to the adapiform family Ekgmowechashalidae.It is represented by only one species, ''B. mathesoni'', which was found in the Chitarwata Formation of Pakistan. When first describ ...'', and '' Gatanthropus''.X. Ni, Q. Li, L. Li and K. C. Beard. 2016. Oligocene primates from China reveal divergence between African and Asian primate evolution. Science 352(6286):673-677. References Literatur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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