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Enterographa Rotundata
''Enterographa rotundata'' is a species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) crustose lichen in the family Roccellaceae. This species was discovered in Brazil, growing on the smooth bark of trees in the Brazilian Caatinga forest. It has round (lichen structures where spores are produced), a feature that sets it apart from most of its kind. Taxonomy ''Enterographa rotundata'' was first formally described by lichenologists Marcela Cáceres, Edvaneide Leandro de Lima, and André Aptroot in 2012. Its type specimen was discovered by the second author on the bark of a tree in the Catimbau National Park, in the Pernambuco state of Brazil, at an altitude of approximately . The species name ''rotundata'' is derived from the Latin word , which translates to "round", a fitting descriptor for the species' distinct round . Description The ''Enterographa rotundata'' lichen has a crust-like thallus (lichen body), which is often very thin, making it appear almost non-existent. Its colour ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
André Aptroot
André Aptroot (Heemskerk, 1961) is a Dutch mycologist and lichenologist. In 1993 he did his PhD at the University of Utrecht under the supervision of Robbert Gradstein (nl). His dissertation was titled "Systematic studies on pyrenocarpous lichens and related fungi". He specializes in fungi and lichens on which he has several hundreds of publications to his name. He has worked as curator at Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures (now Westerdijk Institute). Aptroot is the founder of the Consultancy for Bryology and Lichenology, which is located in Soest where there is a herbarium with a collection of lichens mainly from the Netherlands and the tropics. From 2008 he has been collection manager at Pinetum Blijdenstein (nl) in Hilversum. He is a member of the International Association for Lichenology and the American Bryological and Lichenological Society. He is a visiting professor at the Federal University of Mato Grosso do Sul in Campo Grande, Brazil. Because of Aptroot's bro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hyaline
A hyaline substance is one with a glassy appearance. The word is derived from el, ὑάλινος, translit=hyálinos, lit=transparent, and el, ὕαλος, translit=hýalos, lit=crystal, glass, label=none. Histopathology Hyaline cartilage is named after its glassy appearance on fresh gross pathology. On light microscopy of H&E stained slides, the extracellular matrix of hyaline cartilage looks homogeneously pink, and the term "hyaline" is used to describe similarly homogeneously pink material besides the cartilage. Hyaline material is usually acellular and proteinaceous. For example, arterial hyaline is seen in aging, high blood pressure, diabetes mellitus and in association with some drugs (e.g. calcineurin inhibitors). It is bright pink with PAS staining. Ichthyology and entomology In ichthyology and entomology, ''hyaline'' denotes a colorless, transparent substance, such as unpigmented fins of fishes or clear insect wings. Resh, Vincent H. and R. T. Cardé, Eds. Encyclo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Enterographa Lecanoracea
''Enterographa'' is a genus of lichens in the family Roccellaceae. Species , Species Fungorum accepts 62 species of ''Enterographa''. *''Enterographa albopunctata'' *''Enterographa aldabrensis'' *''Enterographa bagliettoae'' *''Enterographa bella'' *'' Enterographa bengalensis'' *''Enterographa bradleyana'' – United States *''Enterographa brezhonega'' *''Enterographa caudata'' – United States *''Enterographa chiodectonoides'' *''Enterographa compunctula'' *''Enterographa confusa'' *''Enterographa crassa'' *''Enterographa cretacea'' – Australia *''Enterographa deslooveri'' – Papua New Guinea *''Enterographa diederichiana'' – Zambia *''Enterographa divergens'' *''Enterographa elaborata'' *''Enterographa elixii'' *''Enterographa epigraphis'' *''Enterographa epiphylla'' *''Enterographa falcata'' *''Enterographa fellhaneroides'' *''Enterographa glaucotremoides'' *''Enterographa hainanensis'' *''Enterographa hutchinsiae'' *''Enterographa incognit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Enterographa
''Enterographa'' is a genus of lichens in the family Roccellaceae. Species , Species Fungorum accepts 62 species of ''Enterographa''. *'' Enterographa albopunctata'' *'' Enterographa aldabrensis'' *'' Enterographa bagliettoae'' *'' Enterographa bella'' *'' Enterographa bengalensis'' *'' Enterographa bradleyana'' – United States *'' Enterographa brezhonega'' *'' Enterographa caudata'' – United States *'' Enterographa chiodectonoides'' *'' Enterographa compunctula'' *'' Enterographa confusa'' *'' Enterographa crassa'' *'' Enterographa cretacea'' – Australia *'' Enterographa deslooveri'' – Papua New Guinea *'' Enterographa diederichiana'' – Zambia *'' Enterographa divergens'' *'' Enterographa elaborata'' *'' Enterographa elixii'' *'' Enterographa epigraphis'' *'' Enterographa epiphylla'' *'' Enterographa falcata'' *'' Enterographa fellhaneroides'' *'' Enterographa glaucotremoides'' *'' Enterographa hainanensis'' *'' Enterographa hutchinsiae'' *'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ramboldia Haematites
''Ramboldia'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Ramboldiaceae. The genus was circumscribed in 1994 by Gintaras Kantvilas and John Alan Elix. It was emended in 2008 by the inclusion of ''Pyrrhospora'' species containing the anthraquinone russulone in their apothecia and having a prosoplectenchymatous exciple. The family Ramboldiaceae was circumscribed in 2014 to contain the genus. The genus name of ''Ramboldia'' is in honour of Gerhard Walter Rambold (b.1956), a German botanist (Lichenology and Mycology). He was also interested in Zoology and was a professor at Munich and Bayreuth. He was a colleague of the authors, Kantvilas and Elix. Species *'' Ramboldia amagiensis'' (2008) *''Ramboldia amarkantakana'' (2009) *'' Ramboldia arandensis'' (2008) *'' Ramboldia atromarginata'' (2016) *''Ramboldia aurantiaca'' (2008) *''Ramboldia aurea'' (2008) *''Ramboldia blastidiata'' (2007) *''Ramboldia blochiana'' (2011) – North America, Central America, South Amer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Phaeographis Ventosa
''Phaeographis'' is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Graphidaceae The Graphidaceae are a family of lichens in the order Ostropales. Distribution and ecology The vast majority of Graphidaceae species are restricted to the tropics. Most Graphidaceae species are epiphytic (i.e. they grow only on plants). Gener .... It has an estimated 180 species. Species *'' Phaeographis amazonica'' *'' Phaeographis asteroides'' *'' Phaeographis atromaculata'' *'' Phaeographis australiensis'' *'' Phaeographis boquetensis'' *'' Phaeographis caesiodisca'' *'' Phaeographis caesiodiscoides'' *'' Phaeographis caesiohians'' *'' Phaeographis caesioradians'' *'' Phaeographis ceratoides'' *'' Phaeographis ceylonensis'' *'' Phaeographis colligata'' *'' Phaeographis decolorascens'' *'' Phaeographis delicatula'' *'' Phaeographis dendritica'' *'' Phaeographis dividens'' *'' Phaeographis elaeina'' *'' Phaeographis epruinosa'' *'' Phaeographis faurieana'' *'' Phaeographis ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pertusaria Ventosa
''Pertusaria'' is a large genus of warty crustose lichens in the Pertusariaceae family.Field Guide to California Lichens, Stephen Sharnoff, Yale University Press, 2014, The fruiting bodies are usually modified apothecia that immersed in warts on the main body ( thallus) with small holes for the spores to emerge, similar to ostioles, or are fully above and lecanorine (spore bearing discs surrounded by a ring of tissue similar to the tissue of the thallus. Members of the genus are commonly called wart lichens. The widespread genus contains over 500 species. Classification in the large genus relies heavily on thallus chemistry to distinguish and classify species, some of which differ only in the presence or absence of a single secondary chemical. Lichexanthone, norlichexanthone, and their chlorinated derivatives are common in this genus. Selected species * ''Pertusaria amara'' * ''Pertusaria californica'' *''Pertusaria diluta'' * ''Pertusaria favicunda'' * ''Pertusaria ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lecanora Leproplaca
''Lecanora'' is a genus of lichen commonly called rim lichens.Field Guide to California Lichens, Stephen Sharnoff, Yale University Press, 2014, Lichens in the genus '' Squamarina'' are also called rim lichens. Members of the genus have roughly circular fruiting discs ( apothecia) with rims that have photosynthetic tissue similar to that of the nonfruiting part of the lichen body ( thallus). Other lichens with apothecia having margins made of thallus-like tissue are called lecanorine. ''Lecanora'' has a crustose thallus, trebouxoid photobiont, colourless ascospores and crystals in the amphitecium. It is in the family Lecanoraceae in the suborder Lecanorineae. Species : *''Lecanora campestris'' (Schaer.) Hue 1888 *''Lecanora conizaeoides'' Nyl. ex Cromb. 1885 *''Lecanora gangaleoides'', Nyl. 1872 *''Lecanora grantii'', H. Magn. 1932 *''Lecanora helicopis'', (Wahlenb. ex Ach.) Ach. 1814 *''Lecanora mellea'', W.A.Weber (1975) *''Lecanora muralis'', (Schreb.) Raben ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lecanora Leprosa
''Lecanora'' is a genus of lichen commonly called rim lichens.Field Guide to California Lichens, Stephen Sharnoff, Yale University Press, 2014, Lichens in the genus '' Squamarina'' are also called rim lichens. Members of the genus have roughly circular fruiting discs ( apothecia) with rims that have photosynthetic tissue similar to that of the nonfruiting part of the lichen body ( thallus). Other lichens with apothecia having margins made of thallus-like tissue are called lecanorine. ''Lecanora'' has a crustose thallus, trebouxoid photobiont, colourless ascospores and crystals in the amphitecium. It is in the family Lecanoraceae in the suborder Lecanorineae. Species : *''Lecanora campestris'' (Schaer.) Hue 1888 *''Lecanora conizaeoides'' Nyl. ex Cromb. 1885 *''Lecanora gangaleoides'', Nyl. 1872 *''Lecanora grantii'', H. Magn. 1932 *''Lecanora helicopis'', (Wahlenb. ex Ach.) Ach. 1814 *''Lecanora mellea'', W.A.Weber (1975) *''Lecanora muralis'', (Schreb.) Raben ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dirinaria Leopoldii
''Dirinaria'' is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Caliciaceae. The genus has a widespread distribution, especially in tropical regions, and contains about 35 species. Species *''Dirinaria aegialita'' (1968) *'' Dirinaria applanata'' (1970) *''Dirinaria aspera'' (1964) *''Dirinaria batavica'' (1975) *''Dirinaria complicata'' (1975) *''Dirinaria confluens'' (1975) *''Dirinaria consimilis'' (1970) *''Dirinaria flava'' (1971) *''Dirinaria flavida'' (2019) *''Dirinaria frostii'' (1970) *''Dirinaria melanoclina'' (1975) *''Dirinaria minuta'' (2001) *''Dirinaria neotropica'' (2004) *''Dirinaria picta'' (1931) *''Dirinaria pruinosa'' (2001) *''Dirinaria purpurascens'' (1968) *''Dirinaria sekikaica'' (2008) *''Dirinaria subconfluens ''Dirinaria'' is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Caliciaceae. The genus has a widespread distribution, especially in tropical regions, and contains about 35 species. Species *'' Dirinaria aegialita'' (1968) *'' Diri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Biome
A biome () is a biogeographical unit consisting of a biological community that has formed in response to the physical environment in which they are found and a shared regional climate. Biomes may span more than one continent. Biome is a broader term than habitat and can comprise a variety of habitats. While a biome can cover large areas, a microbiome is a mix of organisms that coexist in a defined space on a much smaller scale. For example, the human microbiome is the collection of bacteria, viruses, and other microorganisms that are present on or in a human body. A biota is the total collection of organisms of a geographic region or a time period, from local geographic scales and instantaneous temporal scales all the way up to whole-planet and whole-timescale spatiotemporal scales. The biotas of the Earth make up the biosphere. Etymology The term was suggested in 1916 by Clements, originally as a synonym for '' biotic community'' of Möbius (1877). Later, it gained its c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Thin-layer Chromatography
Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) is a chromatography technique used to separate non-volatile mixtures. Thin-layer chromatography is performed on a sheet of an inert substrate such as glass, plastic, or aluminium foil, which is coated with a thin layer of adsorbent material, usually silica gel, aluminium oxide (alumina), or cellulose. This layer of adsorbent is known as the stationary phase. After the sample has been applied on the plate, a solvent or solvent mixture (known as the mobile phase) is drawn up the plate via capillary action. Because different analytes ascend the TLC plate at different rates, separation is achieved. It may be performed on the analytical scale as a means of monitoring the progress of a reaction, or on the preparative scale to purify small amounts of a compound. TLC is an analytical tool widely used because of its simplicity, relative low cost, high sensitivity, and speed of separation. TLC functions on the same principle as all chromatography: a com ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
