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Endies
Endies (short for 'Employed, but No Disposable Income or Savings') are workers struggling to get by on modest incomes. The term was coined in 2014 by Charles Leadbeater in a report for the think tank Centre for London. The report identified the huge number of households in London struggling to balance rising living costs with falling incomes in the aftermath of the 2008 economic crisis. Endies find life increasingly hard. Their wages have stalled, while living costs – especially housing, transport, energy and childcare – keep going up. They are trapped in particular between a highly flexible competitive labour market and a deeply dysfunctional housing market – for most, owning a home is an ever more distant dream. Endies can be seen as a sub-group of the Squeezed Middle – they work hard and earn too much to claim benefits. But they have no money to put down roots, get a stable home of their own, or enjoy life. The report which coined the term suggests that about one in five L ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Charles Leadbeater
Charles Leadbeater, also known as Charlie Leadbeater, is a British author and former advisor to Tony Blair. Biography A graduate of Balliol College, Oxford, he first came to widespread notice in the 1980s as a regular contributor to the magazine ''Marxism Today''. Later he was Industrial Editor and Tokyo Bureau Chief at the ''Financial Times''. While working at ''The Independent'' in the 1990s, he devised ''Bridget Jones's Diary'' (originally a column) with Helen Fielding. He worked on social entrepreneurship, publishing ''The Rise of the Social Entrepreneur'' in 1997. He advised the British government on matters of the Internet and the knowledge-driven economy. His book, ''We-think'', explores the new phenomenon of mass creativity exemplified by web sites such as YouTube, Wikipedia and MySpace. The book, which in a preliminary version is open to public criticism and revision, argues that participation and sharing, rather than consumption or production, will be the key organi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Centre For London
Centre for London is London's dedicated think tank. Based in the UK, it undertakes research and organises events aimed at developing new solutions to the capital's critical challenges. The Centre, which is politically independent, advocates for a fair and prosperous global city. The Centre is a registered charity. It is funded by a mixture of public, private and third sector supporters. About History Centre for London was founded in 2011 as a programme within Demos, a UK-based think tank. In 2013, the Centre was launched as an independent registered charity. The Centre's current research is organised around four core priorities: • Promoting skills, opportunity and good work; • Meeting housing needs and building better neighbourhoods; • Tackling congestion and pollution, and creating more liveable roads and streets; • Strengthening relations with the rest of the UK. Board The Centre's chair of trustees is Liz Peace, Chairman of the Old Oak and Park Royal Develop ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Middle-class Squeeze
The middle-class squeeze refers to negative trends in the standard of living and other conditions of the middle class of the population. Increases in wages fail to keep up with inflation for middle-income earners, leading to a relative decline in real wages, while at the same time, the phenomenon fails to have a similar effect on the top wage earners. People belonging to the middle class find that inflation in consumer goods and the housing market prevent them from maintaining a middle-class lifestyle, undermining aspirations of upward mobility. Overview Origin of the term Current U.S. Speaker of the House Nancy Pelosi used the term in November 2006 to provide context to the domestic agenda of the U.S. Democratic Party. The Center for American Progress (CAP) issued a report of the same title in September 2014. As well as this, the term was further propelled into the public consciousness when it was used by former UK Labour Party leader Ed Miliband, who promised to come to the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yuppies
Yuppie, short for "young urban professional" or "young upwardly-mobile professional", is a term coined in the early 1980s for a young professional person working in a city. The term is first attested in 1980, when it was used as a fairly neutral demographic label, but by the mid-to-late 1980s, when a "yuppie backlash" developed due to concerns over issues such as gentrification, some writers began using the term pejoratively. History The first printed appearance of the word was in a May 1980 ''Chicago'' magazine article by Dan Rottenberg. Rottenberg reported in 2015 that he did not invent the term, he had heard other people using it, and at the time he understood it as a rather neutral demographic term. Nonetheless, his article did note the issues of socioeconomic displacement which might occur as a result of the rise of this inner-city population cohort. Joseph Epstein was credited for coining the term in 1982, although this is contested. The term gained currency in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Social Groups
In the social sciences, a social group can be defined as two or more people who interact with one another, share similar characteristics, and collectively have a sense of unity. Regardless, social groups come in a myriad of sizes and varieties. For example, a society can be viewed as a large social group. The system of behaviors and psychological processes occurring within a social group or between social groups is known as group dynamics. Definition Social cohesion approach A social group exhibits some degree of social cohesion and is more than a simple collection or aggregate of individuals, such as people waiting at a bus stop, or people waiting in a line. Characteristics shared by members of a group may include interests, values, representations, ethnic or social background, and kinship ties. Kinship ties being a social bond based on common ancestry, marriage or adoption. In a similar vein, some researchers consider the defining characteristic of a group as social int ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Social Class Subcultures
Social organisms, including human(s), live collectively in interacting populations. This interaction is considered social whether they are aware of it or not, and whether the exchange is voluntary or not. Etymology The word "social" derives from the Latin word ''socii'' ("allies"). It is particularly derived from the Italian ''Socii'' states, historical allies of the Roman Republic (although they rebelled against Rome in the Social War of 91–87 BC). Social theorists In the view of Karl MarxMorrison, Ken. ''Marx, Durkheim, Weber. Formations of modern social thought'', human beings are intrinsically, necessarily and by definition social beings who, beyond being "gregarious creatures", cannot survive and meet their needs other than through social co-operation and association. Their social characteristics are therefore to a large extent an objectively given fact, stamped on them from birth and affirmed by socialization processes; and, according to Marx, in producing and reproducin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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