Encroachment
Encroachment is to advance beyond proper limits, and may refer to: * Temporal encroachment * Structural encroachment * Encroachment (gridiron football), a penalty in American and Canadian football *Encroachment by human populations on natural spaces that causes habitat fragmentation or habitat destruction Habitat destruction (also termed habitat loss and habitat reduction) is the process by which a natural habitat becomes incapable of supporting its native species. The organisms that previously inhabited the site are displaced or dead, thereby ...

Temporal Encroachment
Temporal encroachment is an action that affects the perception of time or that affects the ability to take action in the future. Temporal means ''related to the measurement or passing of time'' and encroachment is ''an intrusion, usually unwelcome, into the space of another''. The space that temporal encroachment refers to is temporal space, the temporal "space" or "territory" upon which others attach significance. There are various kinds of temporal encroachment: Scheduling This is when one group or person delays another person. A good example is a vice president making a lower-ranked employee wait in his outer office while he conducts business. Another good example is a valued worker who always shows up late to work but this is allowed due to his abilities. This kind of encroachment is very common in the workplace. Various cultures look at this differently—the Japanese are very punctual, while most Latin and Baltic cultures would be more relaxed with time, instead looking at s ...
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Structural Encroachment
A structural encroachment is a concept in real property law, in which a piece of real property projects from one property over or under the property line of another landowner's premises. The actual structure that encroaches might be a tree, bush, bay window, stairway, steps, stoop, garage, leaning fence, part of a building, or other fixture. Some attorneys classify it as a type of easement, related to an ''easement in gross'', while some scholars classify such as one type of encroachment. Creation When a structural encroachment is created intentionally, it is basically an easement in gross, and may be done by a permit to a government authority. A zoning law may also restrict an intentional structural encroachment. A structural encroachment may also be created by necessity, by accident, or by prescription. Other uses * In some medical contexts, a lump protruding into a blood vessel is described as a structural encroachment. * In some ecological contexts, the process of a peat ...
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Encroachment (gridiron Football)
In gridiron football, there are several different rulings for encroachment: # In the NFL, encroachment occurs when, before the snap, a defensive player illegally crosses the line of scrimmage and makes contact with an opponent or has a clear path to the quarterback. Play is immediately stopped, just as it is with a false start (this violation would be an offside penalty in the NCAA). # In high school, encroachment includes any crossing of the neutral zone by the defense, whether contact is made or not. It is similar to offside except when it occurs, the play is not allowed to begin. Like offside violations, the violating team is penalized five yards. # In the NCAA, an encroachment penalty is called, when there is an offensive player beyond the line of scrimmage after the snapper touching the ball. There is no encroachment for defensive players in college football. The head linesman has the duty of watching out for encroachment and other similar infractions, and the line judge assis ...
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Habitat Fragmentation
Habitat fragmentation describes the emergence of discontinuities (fragmentation) in an organism's preferred environment (habitat), causing population fragmentation and ecosystem decay. Causes of habitat fragmentation include geological processes that slowly alter the layout of the physical environment (suspected of being one of the major causes of speciation), and human activity such as land conversion, which can alter the environment much faster and causes the extinction of many species. More specifically, habitat fragmentation is a process by which large and contiguous habitats get divided into smaller, isolated patches of habitats. Definition The term habitat fragmentation includes five discrete phenomena: * Reduction in the total area of the habitat * Decrease of the interior: edge ratio * Isolation of one habitat fragment from other areas of habitat * Breaking up of one patch of habitat into several smaller patches * Decrease in the average size of each patch of habitat ...
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