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Encoptarthria Grisea
''Encoptarthria'' is a genus of Australian ground spiders that was first described by Barbara York Main in 1954. Originally placed in the no longer recognized family Prodidomidae, it was moved to the family Gnaphosidae in 2007. Species it contains five species: *'' Encoptarthria echemophthalma'' (Simon, 1908) (type Type may refer to: Science and technology Computing * Typing, producing text via a keyboard, typewriter, etc. * Data type, collection of values used for computations. * File type * TYPE (DOS command), a command to display contents of a file. * Ty ...) – Australia (Western Australia) *'' Encoptarthria grisea'' ( L. Koch, 1873) – Australia *'' Encoptarthria penicillata'' (Simon, 1908) – Australia (Western Australia) *'' Encoptarthria perpusilla'' (Simon, 1908) – Australia (Western Australia) *'' Encoptarthria vestigator'' (Simon, 1908) – Australia (Western Australia) References Araneomorphae genera Gnaphosidae Spiders of Australia {{Gnaphosida ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Barbara York Main
Barbara Anne York Main (27 January 1929 – 14 May 2019) Ann Jones (2019"Barbara York Main, Australia's spider woman and Wheatbelt advocate, author and poet dies"''Off Track'', Australian Broadcasting Corporation. Published May 23, 2019. Accessed May 23, 2019. was an Australian arachnologist and adjunct professor at the University of Western Australia. The author of four books and over 90 research papers, Main is recognised for her prolific work in establishing taxonomy for arachnids, personally describing 34 species and seven new genera. The BBC and ABC produced a film about her work, ''Lady of the Spiders'', in 1981."Lady of the Spiders (1981)" British Film Institute.Hodgkin, Ernest P. (1995) [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Encoptarthria Echemophthalma
''Encoptarthria'' is a genus of Australian ground spiders that was first described by Barbara York Main in 1954. Originally placed in the no longer recognized family Prodidomidae, it was moved to the family Gnaphosidae in 2007. Species it contains five species: *'' Encoptarthria echemophthalma'' (Simon, 1908) (type) – Australia (Western Australia) *''Encoptarthria grisea ''Encoptarthria'' is a genus of Australian ground spiders that was first described by Barbara York Main in 1954. Originally placed in the no longer recognized family Prodidomidae, it was moved to the family Gnaphosidae in 2007. Species it cont ...'' ( L. Koch, 1873) – Australia *'' Encoptarthria penicillata'' (Simon, 1908) – Australia (Western Australia) *'' Encoptarthria perpusilla'' (Simon, 1908) – Australia (Western Australia) *'' Encoptarthria vestigator'' (Simon, 1908) – Australia (Western Australia) References Araneomorphae genera Gnaphosidae Spiders of Australia {{Gnaphosidae ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eugène Simon
Eugène Louis Simon (; 30 April 1848 – 17 November 1924) was a French naturalist who worked particularly on insects and spiders, but also on birds and plants. He is by far the most prolific spider taxonomist in history, describing over 4,000 species. Work on spiders His most significant work was ''Histoire Naturelle des Araignées'' (1892–1903), an encyclopedic treatment of the spider genera of the world. It was published in two volumes of more than 1000 pages each, and the same number of drawings by Simon. Working at the Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle in Paris, it took Simon 11 years to complete, while working at the same time on devising a taxonomic scheme that embraced the known taxa. Simon described a total of 4,650 species, and as of 2013 about 3,790 species are still considered valid. The International Society of Arachnology offers a Simon Award recognising lifetime achievement. The Eocene fossil spider species '' Cenotextricella simoni'' was named in his ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Species
In biology, a species is the basic unit of classification and a taxonomic rank of an organism, as well as a unit of biodiversity. A species is often defined as the largest group of organisms in which any two individuals of the appropriate sexes or mating types can produce fertile offspring, typically by sexual reproduction. Other ways of defining species include their karyotype, DNA sequence, morphology, behaviour or ecological niche. In addition, paleontologists use the concept of the chronospecies since fossil reproduction cannot be examined. The most recent rigorous estimate for the total number of species of eukaryotes is between 8 and 8.7 million. However, only about 14% of these had been described by 2011. All species (except viruses) are given a two-part name, a "binomial". The first part of a binomial is the genus to which the species belongs. The second part is called the specific name or the specific epithet (in botanical nomenclature, also sometimes i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Genus
Genus ( plural genera ) is a taxonomic rank used in the biological classification of extant taxon, living and fossil organisms as well as Virus classification#ICTV classification, viruses. In the hierarchy of biological classification, genus comes above species and below family (taxonomy), family. In binomial nomenclature, the genus name forms the first part of the binomial species name for each species within the genus. :E.g. ''Panthera leo'' (lion) and ''Panthera onca'' (jaguar) are two species within the genus ''Panthera''. ''Panthera'' is a genus within the family Felidae. The composition of a genus is determined by taxonomy (biology), taxonomists. The standards for genus classification are not strictly codified, so different authorities often produce different classifications for genera. There are some general practices used, however, including the idea that a newly defined genus should fulfill these three criteria to be descriptively useful: # monophyly – all descendants ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Australia
Australia, officially the Commonwealth of Australia, is a Sovereign state, sovereign country comprising the mainland of the Australia (continent), Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous List of islands of Australia, smaller islands. With an area of , Australia is the largest country by area in Oceania and the world's List of countries and dependencies by area, sixth-largest country. Australia is the oldest, flattest, and driest inhabited continent, with the least fertile soils. It is a Megadiverse countries, megadiverse country, and its size gives it a wide variety of landscapes and climates, with Deserts of Australia, deserts in the centre, tropical Forests of Australia, rainforests in the north-east, and List of mountains in Australia, mountain ranges in the south-east. The ancestors of Aboriginal Australians began arriving from south east Asia approximately Early human migrations#Nearby Oceania, 65,000 years ago, during the Last Glacial Period, last i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gnaphosidae
Ground spiders comprise Gnaphosidae, the seventh largest spider family with over 2,000 described species in over 100 genera distributed worldwide. There are 105 species known to central Europe, and common genera include ''Gnaphosa'', ''Drassodes'', ''Micaria'', '' Cesonia'', ''Zelotes'' and many others. They are closely related to Clubionidae. At present, no ground spiders are known to be seriously venomous to humans. Description Generally, ground spiders are characterized by having barrel-shaped anterior spinnerets that are one spinneret diameter apart. The main exception to this rule is found in the ant-mimicking genus ''Micaria''. Another characteristic is an indentation in the endites (paired mouthparts anterior and lateral to the labium, or lip). All ground spiders lack a prey-capture web and generally run prey down on the surface. They hunt at night and spend the day in a silken retreat. The genitalia are diverse and are a good model for studying the evolution of genitalia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Type Species
In zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the species that contains the biological type specimen(s). Article 67.1 A similar concept is used for suprageneric groups and called a type genus. In botanical nomenclature, these terms have no formal standing under the code of nomenclature, but are sometimes borrowed from zoological nomenclature. In botany, the type of a genus name is a specimen (or, rarely, an illustration) which is also the type of a species name. The species name that has that type can also be referred to as the type of the genus name. Names of genus and family ranks, the various subdivisions of those ranks, and some higher-rank names based on genus names, have such types. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Encoptarthria Grisea
''Encoptarthria'' is a genus of Australian ground spiders that was first described by Barbara York Main in 1954. Originally placed in the no longer recognized family Prodidomidae, it was moved to the family Gnaphosidae in 2007. Species it contains five species: *'' Encoptarthria echemophthalma'' (Simon, 1908) (type Type may refer to: Science and technology Computing * Typing, producing text via a keyboard, typewriter, etc. * Data type, collection of values used for computations. * File type * TYPE (DOS command), a command to display contents of a file. * Ty ...) – Australia (Western Australia) *'' Encoptarthria grisea'' ( L. Koch, 1873) – Australia *'' Encoptarthria penicillata'' (Simon, 1908) – Australia (Western Australia) *'' Encoptarthria perpusilla'' (Simon, 1908) – Australia (Western Australia) *'' Encoptarthria vestigator'' (Simon, 1908) – Australia (Western Australia) References Araneomorphae genera Gnaphosidae Spiders of Australia {{Gnaphosida ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ludwig Carl Christian Koch
Ludwig Carl Christian Koch (8 November 1825 – 1 November 1908) was a German entomologist and arachnologist. He was born in Regensburg, Germany, and died in Nuremberg, Germany. He studied in Nuremberg, initially law, but then turned to medicine and science. From 1850, he practiced as a physician in the Wöhrd district of Nuremberg. He is considered among the four most influential scientists on insects and spiders in the second half of the 19th century. He wrote numerous works on the arachinoids of Europe, Siberia, and Australia. His work earned him worldwide reputation as "Spider Koch". Sometimes confused with his father Carl Ludwig Koch (1778–1857), another famous arachnologist, his name is abbreviated L.Koch on species descriptions; his father's name is abbreviated C.L.Koch Pierre Bonnet. ''Bibliographia araneorum,'' (1945) Les frères Doularoude (Toulouse). Works ''Die Arachniden Australiens'' (1871-1883), his major work on Australian spiders, was completed by Eugen ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Encoptarthria Penicillata
''Encoptarthria'' is a genus of Australian ground spiders that was first described by Barbara York Main in 1954. Originally placed in the no longer recognized family Prodidomidae, it was moved to the family Gnaphosidae in 2007. Species it contains five species: *''Encoptarthria echemophthalma'' (Simon, 1908) (type) – Australia (Western Australia) *''Encoptarthria grisea ''Encoptarthria'' is a genus of Australian ground spiders that was first described by Barbara York Main in 1954. Originally placed in the no longer recognized family Prodidomidae, it was moved to the family Gnaphosidae in 2007. Species it cont ...'' ( L. Koch, 1873) – Australia *'' Encoptarthria penicillata'' (Simon, 1908) – Australia (Western Australia) *'' Encoptarthria perpusilla'' (Simon, 1908) – Australia (Western Australia) *'' Encoptarthria vestigator'' (Simon, 1908) – Australia (Western Australia) References Araneomorphae genera Gnaphosidae Spiders of Australia {{Gnaphosidae- ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Encoptarthria Perpusilla
''Encoptarthria'' is a genus of Australian ground spiders that was first described by Barbara York Main in 1954. Originally placed in the no longer recognized family Prodidomidae, it was moved to the family Gnaphosidae in 2007. Species it contains five species: *''Encoptarthria echemophthalma'' (Simon, 1908) (type) – Australia (Western Australia) *''Encoptarthria grisea'' ( L. Koch, 1873) – Australia *''Encoptarthria penicillata ''Encoptarthria'' is a genus of Australian ground spiders that was first described by Barbara York Main in 1954. Originally placed in the no longer recognized family Prodidomidae, it was moved to the family Gnaphosidae in 2007. Species it cont ...'' (Simon, 1908) – Australia (Western Australia) *'' Encoptarthria perpusilla'' (Simon, 1908) – Australia (Western Australia) *'' Encoptarthria vestigator'' (Simon, 1908) – Australia (Western Australia) References Araneomorphae genera Gnaphosidae Spiders of Australia {{Gnaphosidae-s ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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