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En Quad
In typography, a quad (originally '' quadrat'') was a metal spacer used in letterpress typesetting. The term was later adopted as the generic name for two common sizes of spaces in typography, regardless of the form of typesetting used. An em quad (originally ''m quadrat'') is a space that is one '' em'' wide; as wide as the height of the font. An en quad (originally ''n quadrat'') is a space that is one '' en'' wide: half the width of an em quad. Both are encoded as characters in the General Punctuation code block of the Unicode character set as U+2000 EN QUAD and U+2001 EM QUAD, which are also defined to be canonically equivalent to U+2002 EN SPACE and U+2003 EM SPACE respectively. History In 1683, in Joseph Moxon's book on the art of printing, the terms ''m'' and ''n quadrat'' are attested: And as there is three Heighths or Sizes to be considered in Letters Cut to the same Body, so is there three Sizes to be considered, with respect to the Thicknesses of all these Letters, w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cyclopædia, Or An Universal Dictionary Of Arts And Sciences
''Cyclopædia: or, An Universal Dictionary of Arts and Sciences'' is an encyclopedia prepared by Ephraim Chambers and first published in 1728; six more editions appeared between 1728 and 1751 with a ''Supplement'' in 1753. The ''Cyclopædia'' was one of the first general encyclopedias to be produced in English. The title-page of the first edition summarizes the aims of the author: Noteworthy features The first edition included numerous cross-references meant to connect articles scattered by the use of alphabetical order, a dedication to the king, George II, and a philosophical preface at the beginning of Volume 1. Among other things, the preface gives an analysis of forty-seven divisions of knowledge, with classed lists of the articles belonging to each, intended to serve as a table of contents and also as a directory indicating the order in which the articles should be read. Printing history A second edition appeared in 1738 in two volumes in folio, with 2,466 pages. Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Typography
Typography is the art and technique of arranging type to make written language legible, readable and appealing when displayed. The arrangement of type involves selecting typefaces, point sizes, line lengths, line-spacing ( leading), and letter-spacing (tracking), as well as adjusting the space between pairs of letters (kerning). The term ''typography'' is also applied to the style, arrangement, and appearance of the letters, numbers, and symbols created by the process. Type design is a closely related craft, sometimes considered part of typography; most typographers do not design typefaces, and some type designers do not consider themselves typographers. Typography also may be used as an ornamental and decorative device, unrelated to the communication of information. Typography is the work of typesetters (also known as compositors), typographers, graphic designers, art directors, manga artists, comic book artists, and, now, anyone who arranges words, letters, numbers ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Space (punctuation)
In writing, a space () is a blank area that separates words, sentences, syllables (in syllabification) and other written or printed glyphs (characters). Conventions for spacing vary among languages, and in some languages the spacing rules are complex. Inter-word spaces ease the reader's task of identifying words, and avoid outright ambiguities such as "now here" vs. "nowhere". They also provide convenient guides for where a human or program may start new lines. Typesetting can use spaces of varying widths, just as it can use graphic characters of varying widths. Unlike graphic characters, typeset spaces are commonly stretched in order to align text. The typewriter, on the other hand, typically has only one width for all characters, including spaces. Following widespread acceptance of the typewriter, some typewriter conventions influenced typography and the design of printed works. Computer representation of text facilitates getting around mechanical and physical limitations su ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chambers 1908 Quadrat 3Em
Chambers may refer to: Places Canada: *Chambers Township, Ontario United States: *Chambers County, Alabama *Chambers, Arizona, an unincorporated community in Apache County *Chambers, Nebraska * Chambers, West Virginia *Chambers Township, Holt County, Nebraska *Chambers Branch, a stream in Kansas *Chambers County, Texas Other * ''Chambers Dictionary'' of the English Language * Chambers Harrap, the publishers of Chambers Dictionary * Chambers and Partners, a British organisation that produces international rankings for the legal industry * Chambers of parliament * ''Chambers'' (album), by Steady & Co. (2001) * Hedingham & Chambers, a bus company in Suffolk and Essex * judge's chambers, a judge's office where some matters are heard out of court * barristers' chambers, in some English-speaking countries a set of rooms from which barristers practice * ''Chambers'' (series), a BBC Radio 4 legal sitcom starring John Bird which later moved to television * Chambers stove, a defunct ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chambers 1908 Quadrat 2Em
Chambers may refer to: Places Canada: *Chambers Township, Ontario United States: *Chambers County, Alabama *Chambers, Arizona, an unincorporated community in Apache County *Chambers, Nebraska * Chambers, West Virginia *Chambers Township, Holt County, Nebraska *Chambers Branch, a stream in Kansas *Chambers County, Texas Other * ''Chambers Dictionary'' of the English Language * Chambers Harrap, the publishers of Chambers Dictionary * Chambers and Partners, a British organisation that produces international rankings for the legal industry * Chambers of parliament * ''Chambers'' (album), by Steady & Co. (2001) * Hedingham & Chambers, a bus company in Suffolk and Essex * judge's chambers, a judge's office where some matters are heard out of court * barristers' chambers, in some English-speaking countries a set of rooms from which barristers practice * ''Chambers'' (series), a BBC Radio 4 legal sitcom starring John Bird which later moved to television * Chambers stove, a defunct ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chambers 1908 Quadrat Em
Chambers may refer to: Places Canada: *Chambers Township, Ontario United States: *Chambers County, Alabama *Chambers, Arizona, an unincorporated community in Apache County *Chambers, Nebraska * Chambers, West Virginia *Chambers Township, Holt County, Nebraska *Chambers Branch, a stream in Kansas *Chambers County, Texas Other * ''Chambers Dictionary'' of the English Language * Chambers Harrap, the publishers of Chambers Dictionary * Chambers and Partners, a British organisation that produces international rankings for the legal industry * Chambers of parliament * ''Chambers'' (album), by Steady & Co. (2001) * Hedingham & Chambers, a bus company in Suffolk and Essex * judge's chambers, a judge's office where some matters are heard out of court * barristers' chambers, in some English-speaking countries a set of rooms from which barristers practice * ''Chambers'' (series), a BBC Radio 4 legal sitcom starring John Bird which later moved to television * Chambers stove, a defunct ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chambers 1908 Quadrat En
Chambers may refer to: Places Canada: *Chambers Township, Ontario United States: *Chambers County, Alabama *Chambers, Arizona, an unincorporated community in Apache County *Chambers, Nebraska * Chambers, West Virginia *Chambers Township, Holt County, Nebraska *Chambers Branch, a stream in Kansas *Chambers County, Texas Other * ''Chambers Dictionary'' of the English Language * Chambers Harrap, the publishers of Chambers Dictionary * Chambers and Partners, a British organisation that produces international rankings for the legal industry * Chambers of parliament * ''Chambers'' (album), by Steady & Co. (2001) * Hedingham & Chambers, a bus company in Suffolk and Essex * judge's chambers, a judge's office where some matters are heard out of court * barristers' chambers, in some English-speaking countries a set of rooms from which barristers practice * ''Chambers'' (series), a BBC Radio 4 legal sitcom starring John Bird which later moved to television * Chambers stove, a defunct ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Type Metal
In printing, type metal refers to the metal alloys used in traditional typefounding and hot metal typesetting. Historically, type metal was an alloy of lead, tin and antimony in different proportions depending on the application, be it individual character mechanical casting for hand setting, mechanical line casting or individual character mechanical typesetting and stereo plate casting. The proportions used are in the range: lead 50‒86%, antimony 11‒30% and tin 3‒20%. Antimony and tin are added to lead for durability while reducing the difference between the coefficients of expansion of the matrix and the alloy. Apart from durability, the general requirements for type-metal are that it should produce a true and sharp cast, and retain correct dimensions and form after cooling down. It should also be easy to cast, at reasonable low melting temperature, iron should not dissolve in the molten metal, and mould and nozzles should stay clean and easy to maintain. Today, Monotype ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chambers Dictionary
The ''Chambers Dictionary'' (''TCD'') was first published by William Chambers (publisher), William and Robert Chambers (publisher born 1802), Robert Chambers as ''Chambers's English Dictionary'' in 1872. It was an expanded version of ''Chambers's Etymological Dictionary'' of 1867, compiled by James Donald. A second edition came out in 1898, and was followed in 1901 by a new compact edition called ''Chambers's Twentieth Century Dictionary''. ''TCD'' is widely used by British crossword solvers and setters, and by ''Scrabble'' players (though it is no longer the official ''Scrabble'' dictionary). It contains many more dialectal, archaic, unconventional and eccentric words than its rivals, and is noted for its occasional wryly humorous definitions. Examples of such definitions include those for ''éclair (pastry), éclair'' ("a cake, long in shape but short in duration") and ''middle-aged'' ("between youth and old age, variously reckoned to suit the reckoner"). These jocular definiti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
William Savage (printer)
William Savage (1770–1843) was an English printer, engraver, draughtsman and author of several works about printing. Life Born in 1770 at Howden in the East Riding of Yorkshire, he was the younger son of James Savage, a clockmaker. He was educated at the church school in Howden. In 1790 he went into business as a printer and bookseller there in partnership with his elder brother, James Savage. In 1797 he moved to London, and about two years later was appointed printer to the Royal Institution. There for ten years he was assistant secretary to the board of managers, and also secretary to the library committee, secretary to the committee of chemistry, and superintendent of the printing office. About 1803 Savage went also into business as a printer in London on his own account. In 1807 he was commissioned to print Edward Forster's ''British Gallery of Engravings'', It made his reputation as printer. Savage died at his residence at Dodington Grove, Kensington, on 25 July 1843, le ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Encyclopædia Britannica
The (Latin for "British Encyclopædia") is a general knowledge English-language encyclopaedia. It is published by Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc.; the company has existed since the 18th century, although it has changed ownership various times through the centuries. The encyclopaedia is maintained by about 100 full-time editors and more than 4,000 contributors. The 2010 version of the 15th edition, which spans 32 volumes and 32,640 pages, was the last printed edition. Since 2016, it has been published exclusively as an online encyclopaedia. Printed for 244 years, the ''Britannica'' was the longest running in-print encyclopaedia in the English language. It was first published between 1768 and 1771 in the Scottish capital of Edinburgh, as three volumes. The encyclopaedia grew in size: the second edition was 10 volumes, and by its fourth edition (1801–1810) it had expanded to 20 volumes. Its rising stature as a scholarly work helped recruit eminent con ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
