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Empress Ma (Han Dynasty)
Empress Ma (馬皇后, personal name unknown) (late 30s – August 16, 79), formally Empress Mingde (明德皇后, literally, "the understanding and virtuous empress"), was an empress during the Eastern Han Dynasty from 8 April 60According to Emperor Ming's biography in ''Book of the Later Han'', Lady Ma was made empress on the ''jiazi'' day of the 2nd month of the 3rd year of the ''Yongping'' era of his reign. This corresponds to 8 Apr 60 in the Julian calendar. (永平三年二月)甲子，立贵人马氏为皇后.) ''Houhanshu'', vol.02 until 75, then empress dowager from that year till her death. Her husband was Emperor Ming of Han. Family background and marriage to Crown Prince Zhuang In 40, the eventual Empress Ma was born to Emperor Guangwu's General Ma Yuan, known for his expeditions against Vietnamese rebellions and his exhortations on personal living, and his wife Lady Lin (藺夫人). Ma was a marquess, and Lady Ma was therefore born into comfort and wealth, as a m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ma (surname)
Ma () is a Chinese family name. The surname literally means "horse". As of 2006, it ranks as the 14th most common Chinese surname in Mainland China and the most common surname within the Islam in China, Chinese Muslim community, specifically the Hui people, Dongxiangs, Dongxiang people and Salar people. In 2019 it was the 13th most common surname in Mainland China. A 2013 study found it to be the 13th most common, shared by 17,200,000 people or 1.290% of the population, with the province with the most being Henan. It is the 52nd name on the ''Hundred Family Surnames'' poem.K. S. Tom. [1989] (1989). Echoes from Old China: Life, Legends and Lore of the Middle Kingdom. University of Hawaii Press. . The offspring of Zhao She adopted "Ma" (馬), the first word of the district Ma Fu, as their surname. Other romanizations include Mah, Beh and Mar. Hui people, Hui Muslims, Salar people, Salars, Bonan people, Bonan and Dongxiangs, Dongxiang people commonly adopted Ma as the translation for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Guo Shengtong
Guo Shengtong (郭聖通; 6–52 CE) was an empress during the Eastern Han dynasty. She was the first empress of Emperor Guangwu (Liu Xiu), the founder of Eastern Han. She lost her husband's favor and was deposed in 41. However, both she and her family continued to be respected and honored even after she was deposed. Family background and marriage to Liu Xiu Guo Shengtong came from a wealthy family. Her father Guo Chang (郭昌) was a major landowner in the Zhending Commandery (真定, roughly modern Shijiazhuang, Hebei). Her mother was a daughter of Liu Pu (劉普), Prince Gong of Zhending—a hereditary prince descended from the Western Han imperial house, as a sixth generation descendant of Emperor Jing, and she carried the courtesy title of Lady. After Guo's maternal grandfather's death in 7 BCE, her uncle Liu Yang (劉楊) inherited the principality. When Wang Mang usurped the Han throne, he was demoted to duke, and the following year demoted to a commoner. Circa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
40 Births
4 (four) is a number, numeral and digit. It is the natural number following 3 and preceding 5. It is the smallest semiprime and composite number, and is considered unlucky in many East Asian cultures. In mathematics Four is the smallest composite number, its proper divisors being and . Four is the sum and product of two with itself: 2 + 2 = 4 = 2 x 2, the only number b such that a + a = b = a x a, which also makes four the smallest squared prime number p^. In Knuth's up-arrow notation, , and so forth, for any number of up arrows. By consequence, four is the only square one more than a prime number, specifically three. The sum of the first four prime numbers two + three + five + seven is the only sum of four consecutive prime numbers that yields an odd prime number, seventeen, which is the fourth super-prime. Four lies between the first proper pair of twin primes, three and five, which are the first two Fermat primes, like seventeen, which is the third. On the other han ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Han Dynasty Empresses
Han may refer to: Ethnic groups * Han Chinese, or Han People (): the name for the largest ethnic group in China, which also constitutes the world's largest ethnic group. ** Han Taiwanese (): the name for the ethnic group of the Taiwanese people who may be fully or partially Han Chinese descent. * Han Minjok, or Han people (): the Korean native name referring to Koreans. * Hän: one of the First Nations peoples of Canada. Former states * Han (Western Zhou state) (韓) (11th century BC – 757 BC), a Chinese state during the Spring and Autumn period * Han (state) (韓) (403–230 BC), a Chinese state during the Warring States period * Han dynasty (漢/汉) (206 BC – 220 AD), a dynasty split into two eras, Western Han and Eastern Han ** Shu Han (蜀漢) (221–263), a Han Chinese dynasty that existed during the Three Kingdoms Period * Former Zhao (304–329), one of the Sixteen Kingdoms, known as Han (漢) before 319 * Cheng Han (成漢) (304–347), one of the Sixte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Empress Dou (Zhang)
Empress Dou (, personal name unknown; 63–97 CE), formally Empress Zhangde (, literally "the polite and virtuous empress"), was an empress of the Chinese Han dynasty. Her husband was Emperor Zhang. She was already influential and powerful during her husband's reign, but became particularly highly powerful and influential as empress dowager and regent between 88 and 92 for her adoptive son Emperor He after Emperor Zhang's death.Lily Xiao Hong Lee, A.D. Stefanowska, Sue Wiles:Biographical Dictionary of Chinese Women: Antiquity Through Sui, 1600 B.C.E ' Her family members, particularly her brother Dou Xian, became extremely powerful, until they were toppled in a coup d'etat by Emperor He, in 92. Empress Dou lost her power, but remained honored until her death. Family background Lady Dou's father Dou Xun () was a grandson of the statesman Dou Rong (). Her mother was Princess Piyang (), a daughter of Liu Jiang (), the Prince of Donghai, who was a highly honored older br ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Chinese Consorts
The following is a list of consorts of rulers of China. China has periodically been divided into kingdoms as well as united under empires, resulting in consorts titled both queen and empress. The title empress could also be given posthumously. Note that this is a list of the main consorts of each monarch and holders of the title empress or queen. Empress Consorts The title of Empress consort (, ''húanghòu'') could also be given posthumously. The posthumous Empresses are listed separately by the year they were given the title. Zhou dynasty Western Han dynasty Xin dynasty Eastern Han dynasty * AD 26–41: Guo Shengtong * 41–57: Empress Yin Lihua * 60–75: Empress Ma * 78–88: Empress Dou * 96–102: Empress Yin * 102–106: Empress Deng Sui * 108–125: Empress Yan Ji * 132–144: Empress Liang Na * 147–159: Empress Liang Nüying * 159–165: Empress Deng Mengnü * 165–168: Empress Dou Miao * 171–178: Empress Song * 180–189: Empress He * 195–214 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zizhi Tongjian
''Zizhi Tongjian'' () is a pioneering reference work in Chinese historiography, published in 1084 AD during the Northern Song dynasty in the form of a chronicle recording Chinese history from 403 BC to 959 AD, covering 16 dynasties and spanning almost 1400 years. The main text is arranged into 294 scrolls (''juan'' , equivalent to a chapter) totaling about 3 million Chinese characters. In 1065 AD, Emperor Yingzong of Song commissioned his official Sima Guang (1019–1086 AD) to lead a project to compile a universal history of China, and granted him funding and the authority to appoint his own staff. His team took 19 years to complete the work and in 1084 AD it was presented to Emperor Yingzong's successor Emperor Shenzong of Song. It was well-received and has proved to be immensely influential among both scholars and the general public. Endymion Wilkinson regards it as reference quality: "It had an enormous influence on later Chinese historical wri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
