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Embraer EMB 312 Tucano
The Embraer EMB 312 Tucano (English: ''Toucan'') is a low-wing, tandem-seat, single-turboprop, basic trainer with counter-insurgency capability that was developed in Brazil. The Brazilian Air Force sponsored the EMB-312 project at the end of 1978. Design and development work began in 1979 on a low-cost, relatively simple new basic trainer with innovative features which eventually became the international standard for basic training aircraft. The prototype first flew in 1980, and initial production units were delivered in 1983. Production was initially supported by a local order for 118 aircraft, with options for an additional 50 units in October 1980. It was later matched by an Egyptian licence-produced purchase in 1993 and subsequently by an improved variant known as the Short Tucano, which was licence-produced in the United Kingdom. The Tucano made inroads into the military trainer arena and became one of Embraer's first international marketing successes. A total of 664 uni ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
WikiProject Aircraft
A WikiProject, or Wikiproject, is a Wikimedia movement affinity group for contributors with shared goals. WikiProjects are prevalent within the largest wiki, Wikipedia, and exist to varying degrees within sister projects such as Wiktionary, Wikiquote, Wikidata, and Wikisource. They also exist in different languages, and translation of articles is a form of their collaboration. During the COVID-19 pandemic, CBS News noted the role of Wikipedia's WikiProject Medicine in maintaining the accuracy of articles related to the disease. Another WikiProject that has drawn attention is WikiProject Women Scientists, which was profiled by '' Smithsonian'' for its efforts to improve coverage of women scientists which the profile noted had "helped increase the number of female scientists on Wikipedia from around 1,600 to over 5,000". On Wikipedia Some Wikipedia WikiProjects are substantial enough to engage in cooperative activities with outside organizations relevant to the field at issue. For e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Prototype
A prototype is an early sample, model, or release of a product built to test a concept or process. It is a term used in a variety of contexts, including semantics, design, electronics, and Software prototyping, software programming. A prototype is generally used to evaluate a new design to enhance precision by system analysts and users. Prototyping serves to provide specifications for a real, working system rather than a theoretical one. In some design workflow models, creating a prototype (a process sometimes called materialization) is the step between the Formal specification, formalization and the evaluation of an idea. A prototype can also mean a typical example of something such as in the use of the derivation 'prototypical'. This is a useful term in identifying objects, behaviours and concepts which are considered the accepted norm and is analogous with terms such as stereotypes and archetypes. The word ''wikt:prototype, prototype'' derives from the Greek language, Greek ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Counter-insurgency Aircraft
Counter-insurgency aircraft or COIN aircraft are a specialized variety of military light attack aircraft, designed for counter-insurgency operations, armed reconnaissance, air escort of ground forces, and ground support against "low-intensity engagements"; usually irregular groups of insurgents armed with aircraft artillery and/or portable rockets. Roles Some of the roles carried out by counter-insurgency aircraft include: *Transportation in support of combatants and civilians alike, including casualty evacuation (CASEVAC). *Intelligence gathering, surveillance, and reconnaissance. * Psychological operations (PSYOPs) through leaflet drops, loudspeakers, and radio broadcasts. *Air-to-ground attack against soft targets. For an aircraft—whether fixed-wing or rotary—to effectively carry out all these roles, it should have specification characteristics such as low loitering speed, long endurance, simplicity in maintenance, and the capability to perform short or vertical take-of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6
The Pratt & Whitney Canada PT6 is a turboprop aircraft engine produced by Pratt & Whitney Canada. Its design was started in 1958, it first ran in February 1960, first flew on 30 May 1961, entered service in 1964 and has been continuously updated since. It consists of two basic sections: a gas generator with accessory gearbox and a free power turbine with reduction gearbox, and is often seemingly mounted backwards in an aircraft in so far as the intake is at the rear and the exhaust at the front. Many variants of the PT6 have been produced, not only as turboprops but also as turboshaft engines for helicopters, land vehicles, hovercraft, and boats; as auxiliary power units; and for industrial uses. By November 2015, 51,000 had been produced, had logged 400 million flight hours from 1963 to 2016. It is known for its reliability with an in-flight shutdown rate of 1 per 651,126 hours in 2016. The PT6A covers the power range between while the PT6B/C are turboshaft variants for he ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lycoming TIO-541
The Lycoming TIO-541 engine is a turbocharged, fuel-injected, horizontally opposed, six-cylinder aircraft engine featuring three cylinders per side, manufactured by Lycoming Engines. The TIO-541 family of engines includes the TIGO-541 turbocharged, fuel-injected, geared, horizontally opposed engine. There is no carburetted, non-turbocharged version of the engine, which would have been designated O-541 and therefore the base model is the TIO-541. Design and development The TIO-541 family of engines covers a range from to . The engine has a fuel injection system which meters fuel in proportion to the induction airflow. The engine has a displacement of 541.5 cubic inches (8.87 litres) and produces a maximum of in its TIGO-541 version. The cylinders have air-cooled heads. The first TIO-541-A1A was type certified on 23 February 1965 on the regulatory basis of CAR 13 effective 15 June 1956 as amended to 13-1 through 13-4. Variants ;TIO-541-A1A :Six-cylinder, turbocharged, fuel-in ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hartzell Propeller
Hartzell Propeller is an American manufacturer that was founded in 1917 by Robert N. Hartzell as the Hartzell Walnut Propeller Company. It produces composite and aluminum propellers for certified, homebuilt, and ultralight aircraft. The company is headquartered in Piqua, Ohio.Purdy, Don: ''AeroCrafter - Homebuilt Aircraft Sourcebook'', page 84. BAI Communications. Hartzell also produces spinners, governors, ice protection systems, and other propeller controls. History Robert Hartzell grew up in the village of Oakwood, Ohio, just a block from Hawthorn Hill, where Orville Wright lived. From the 1890s until the late 1910s, Hartzell's father and grandfather operated a sawmill and lumber supply company in Greenville, Ohio (later moved to Piqua, Ohio) that also manufactured items such as wagons and gun stocks for World War I. On the side, Robert owned a small airplane and did maintenance on it as a young man. In 1917, Orville Wright suggested that Hartzell use his walnut tr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Indústria Aeronáutica Neiva
Indústria Aeronáutica Neiva is a subsidiary of Embraer which produces airplanes and aircraft components. Its main product is the Embraer EMB 202 Ipanema, the most employed agricultural aircraft in Brazil and the first alcohol-powered airplane. Neiva delivered more than 3,700 aircraft until early 2006. The company was founded in Rio de Janeiro, in 1954, by . It started as a glider manufacturer. It moved to Botucatu in 1956. The company produced many gliders and general aviation aircraft until March 11, 1980, when it was acquired by Embraer. After the acquisition, Neiva also started to produce the Ipanema and various components for Embraer aircraft, including the Embraer ERJ 145 family, the Embraer EMB 314 Super Tucano and the Embraer E-Jets. Neiva also produced the Embraer EMB 120 Brasilia The Embraer EMB 120 Brasilia is a twin-turboprop 30-passenger commuter airliner designed and manufactured by the Brazilian aircraft manufacturer Embraer. The EMB 120 began development dur ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Neiva Universal
The Neiva N621 Universal is a Brazilian propeller-driven basic trainer and ground attack aircraft manufactured by Indústria Aeronáutica Neiva. It is a cantilever, low-wing monoplane of all-metal construction, with retractable undercarriage and side-by-side seating. Design and development The Universal was designed in 1963 as a new primary trainer for the Brazilian Air Force, as a replacement for the T-6 Texan and Fokker S-11/S-12 types then in use. The prototype (Registration PP-ZTW) first flew on 29 April 1966. The Brazilian Air Force ordered 150 aircraft as the T-25 Universal, and increased this order in 1978 by an additional 28 aircraft. A further developed version (designated the YT-25B Universal II) first flew on 22 October 1978 but was not put into production. The Universal was also adopted as a counter-insurgency aircraft. It was later replaced by the Tucano in both the advanced training and attack roles, but it is still used as a primary and basic trainer at the Aca ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1970s Energy Crisis
The 1970s energy crisis occurred when the Western world, particularly the United States, Canada, Western Europe, Australia, and New Zealand, faced substantial petroleum shortages as well as elevated prices. The two worst crises of this period were the 1973 oil crisis and the 1979 energy crisis, when, respectively, the Yom Kippur War and the Iranian Revolution triggered interruptions in Middle Eastern oil exports. The crisis began to unfold as petroleum production in the United States and some other parts of the world peaked in the late 1960s and early 1970s. World oil production per capita began a long-term decline after 1979. The oil crises prompted the first shift towards energy-saving (particular, fossil fuel-saving) technologies. The major industrial centers of the world were forced to contend with escalating issues related to petroleum supply. Western countries relied on the resources of countries in the Middle East and other parts of the world. The crisis led to stagnant e ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cessna T-37 Tweet
The Cessna T-37 Tweet (designated Model 318 by Cessna) is a small, economical twin-engined jet trainer type which flew for decades as a primary trainer for the United States Air Force (USAF) and in the air forces of several other nations. The T-37C was also capable of light attack. The A-37 Dragonfly variant served in the light attack role during the Vietnam War and continues to serve in the air forces of several South American nations. DoD 4120-15L, ''Model Designation of Military Aerospace Vehicles'' US DoD, 12 May 2004. The T-37 served as the U.S. Air Force's primary pilot training vehicle for over 52 years after its first flight. After completing initial training in the Tweet, students moved on to other advanced Air F ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Teledyne CAE J69
The Teledyne CAE J69 was a small turbojet engine originally produced by Continental Aviation and Engineering (CAE) under license from Turbomeca. The J69 was a development of the Turbomeca Marboré II. It powered a number of U.S. drones, missiles and small aircraft. The engine was later produced by Teledyne CAE. The J69 was also developed into the Teledyne CAE J100 turbojet optimized for operation at higher altitudes. Variants ''Data from:''Aircraft engines of the World 1957 ;J69-T-1: (Marboré I) at 23,000 rpm. ;J69-T-3: at 22,500 rpm for take-off. ;J69-T-6: ;J69-T-9: ;J69-T-17: ;J69-T-19: ;J69-T-19A: ;J69-T-19B: ;J69-T-23: ;J69-T-25: ;J69-T-27: ;J69-T-29: ;J69-T-31: ;J69-T-33: ;J69-T-39: ;J69-T-41: ;J69-T-41A: ;J69-T-406: ;J100-CA-100: thrust ;CJ69-1025: ;CJ69-1400: lb thrust ;Model 352: ;Model 352A: ;Model 352-5a: (CJ69-T-1025) thrust ;Model 354-12: (J69-T-27) thrust ;Model 356-7A: (J69-T-29) thrust ;Model 356-7D: (J69-T-29) thrust ;Model 356-8: (J69-T-31) thrust ;Mo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Propeller (aircraft)
An aircraft propeller, also called an airscrew,Beaumont, R.A.; ''Aeronautical Engineering'', Odhams, 1942, Chapter 13, "Airscrews". converts rotary motion from an engine or other power source into a swirling slipstream which pushes the propeller forwards or backwards. It comprises a rotating power-driven hub, to which are attached several radial airfoil-section blades such that the whole assembly rotates about a longitudinal axis. The blade pitch may be fixed, manually variable to a few set positions, or of the automatically variable "constant-speed" type. The propeller attaches to the power source's driveshaft either directly or through reduction gearing. Propellers can be made from wood, metal or composite materials. Propellers are most suitable for use at subsonic airspeeds generally below about , although supersonic speeds were achieved in the McDonnell XF-88B experimental propeller-equipped aircraft. Supersonic tip-speeds are used in some aircraft like the Tupolev Tu-95, w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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