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Elterngeld (Germany)
Elterngeld (parental allowance) is a transfer payment dependent on net income as compensation for concrete disadvantages in the early phase of starting a family and thus a parent-related, temporary compensation payment. The parental allowance replaces the previous child-raising allowance. Parents who are not or not fully employed due to the care of a child or who interrupt their employment for the care of their child are entitled to parental benefit. It is intended to support parents in securing their livelihood and is therefore designed as a compensation payment. In 2013, 4.9 billion euros were paid as parental allowance (83 % of all expenditure by the Federal Ministry for Family Affairs). Almost 80 % of men receiving parental benefit took two months parental leave; 92 % of women took 10 to 12 months. General The Parental Allowance and Parental Leave Act (BEEG), which applies to children born on or after 1 January 2007, replaced the former parental allowance with parental all ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Federal Ministry Of Family Affairs, Senior Citizens, Women And Youth
The Federal Ministry of Family Affairs, Senior Citizens, Women and Youth (german: Bundesministerium für Familie, Senioren, Frauen und Jugend, ), abbreviated BMFSFJ, is a German Cabinet, cabinet-level ministry of the Federal Republic of Germany. It is headquartered in Berlin with a secondary seat in Bonn. The ministry was represented by Anne Spiegel, the first woman minister of the Alliance '90/The Greens, Greens, who announced her resignment from office on 11 April 2022. On 14 April 2022, the Greens announced Lisa Paus to be her successor in office. Both Spiegel and Paus have to be officially dismissed respectively appointed by the Federal President (Germany), Federal President. History The original organization was first founded in 1953 as the Federal Ministry for Family Affairs (''Bundesministerium für Familienfragen''). In 1957, this was changed to the Ministry for Family and Youth Affairs (''Bundesministerium für Familien- und Jugendfragen'') and in 1963 to the Federal Mi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Angela Merkel
Angela Dorothea Merkel (; ; born 17 July 1954) is a German former politician and scientist who served as Chancellor of Germany from 2005 to 2021. A member of the Christian Democratic Union (CDU), she previously served as Leader of the Opposition from 2002 to 2005 and as Leader of the Christian Democratic Union from 2000 to 2018. Merkel was the first female chancellor of Germany. During her tenure as Chancellor, Merkel was frequently referred to as the ''de facto'' leader of the European Union (EU), the most powerful woman in the world, and since 2016 the leader of the free world. Merkel was born in Hamburg in then-West Germany, moving to East Germany as an infant when her father, a Lutheran clergyman, received a pastorate in Perleberg. She obtained a doctorate in quantum chemistry in 1986 and worked as a research scientist until 1989. Merkel entered politics in the wake of the Revolutions of 1989, briefly serving as deputy spokeswoman for the first democratically elected Go ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Federal Constitutional Court
The Federal Constitutional Court (german: link=no, Bundesverfassungsgericht ; abbreviated: ) is the supreme constitutional court for the Federal Republic of Germany, established by the constitution or Basic Law () of Germany. Since its inception with the beginning of the post-World War II republic, the court has been located in the city of Karlsruhe, which is also the seat of the Federal Court of Justice. The main task of the Federal Constitutional Court is judicial review, and it may declare legislation unconstitutional, thus rendering them ineffective. In this respect, it is similar to other supreme courts with judicial review powers, yet the court possesses a number of additional powers and is regarded as among the most interventionist and powerful national courts in the world. Unlike other supreme courts, the constitutional court is not an integral stage of the judicial or appeals process (aside from cases concerning constitutional or public international law), and doe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elterngeld
Elterngeld (translated literally from German as ''parents' money'') is a tax-financed payment for couples which pays an amount of money to support the costs of bringing up a child. Elterngeld schemes exists in Germany, France, and Scandinavia. It generally does not provide full support of the costs of bringing up a child. It is only provided for a limited period, ranging from until one year after birth until 18 years of age in Norway. The amount of Elterngeld granted depends in some places on the income of the parents. Need for The need for Elterngeld schemes is illustrated by the declining birth rates in Western European countries. For instance, in Germany the present birth rate is 1.3 children per woman, which is below what is calculated at the economically stable rate of 2.1 children per woman. Twenty-five European Union states currently have birth rates below this level. The issues behind the declining birth rate include the higher costs of maintaining a child, and the greater ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Federal Social Court
The Federal Social Court (''Bundessozialgericht'') is the German federal court of appeals for social security cases, mainly cases concerning the public health insurance, long-term care insurance, pension insurance and occupational accident insurance schemes. Trial courts for these cases are the ''Sozialgerichte'' (Social Courts). Appeals against decisions of these courts are heard by the ''Landessozialgerichte'' (Superior State Social Courts), before the cases may wind up at the ''Bundessozialgericht''. The ''Bundessozialgericht'' is located in the city of Kassel. History The Federal Social Court was founded on September 11, 1954 and its first session was on March 23, 1955. Function The Federal Social court hears appeals against decisions of the Landessozialgerichte (Superior State Social Courts) or in special circumstances against decisions of the Sozialgerichte. Organisation The Chambers of the Federal Social Court are called ''Senat''. They each consist of 3 Judges an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
BMFSFJ
The Federal Ministry of Family Affairs, Senior Citizens, Women and Youth (german: Bundesministerium für Familie, Senioren, Frauen und Jugend, ), abbreviated BMFSFJ, is a cabinet-level ministry of the Federal Republic of Germany. It is headquartered in Berlin with a secondary seat in Bonn. The ministry was represented by Anne Spiegel, the first woman minister of the Greens, who announced her resignment from office on 11 April 2022. On 14 April 2022, the Greens announced Lisa Paus Elisabeth "Lisa" Paus (born 19 September 1968) is a German politician who has served as the Federal Minister for Family Affairs, Senior Citizens, Women and Youth since 25 April 2022. A member of Alliance 90/The Greens and an economist by trainin ... to be her successor in office. Both Spiegel and Paus have to be officially dismissed respectively appointed by the Federal President. History The original organization was first founded in 1953 as the Federal Ministry for Family Affairs (''Bundesmin ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hartz IV
The Hartz concept, also known as Hartz reforms or the Hartz plan, is a set of recommendations submitted by a committee on reforms to the German labour market in 2002. Named after the head of the committee, Peter Hartz, these recommendations went on to become part of the German government's ''Agenda 2010'' series of reforms, known as Hartz I – Hartz IV. The committee devised thirteen "innovation modules", which recommended changes to the German labour market system. These were then gradually put into practice: The measures of Hartz I – III were undertaken between 1 January 2003, and 2004, while Hartz IV was implemented on 1 January 2005. The "Hartz Committee" was founded on 22 February 2002, by the federal government of Germany led then by Gerhard Schröder. Its official name was ''Kommission für moderne Dienstleistungen am Arbeitsmarkt'' (Committee for Modern Services in the Labour Market). The 15-member committee was chaired by Peter Hartz, then Volkswagen's personnel direct ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
European Central Bank
The European Central Bank (ECB) is the prime component of the monetary Eurosystem and the European System of Central Banks (ESCB) as well as one of seven institutions of the European Union. It is one of the world's Big Four (banking)#International use, most important central banks. The Governing Council of the European Central Bank, ECB Governing Council makes the projects for the monetary policy for the European Union with suggestions and recommendations and to the Eurozone with more direct applications of such policies, it also administers the foreign exchange reserves of EU member states in the Eurozone, engages in foreign exchange operations, and defines the intermediate monetary aims and objectives, and also the common interest rates for the EU. The Executive Board of the European Central Bank, ECB Executive Board makes policies and decisions of the Governing Council, and may give direction to the national central banks, especially when doing so for the Eurozone central ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
European Patent Office
The European Patent Office (EPO) is one of the two organs of the European Patent Organisation (EPOrg), the other being the Administrative Council. The EPO acts as executive body for the organisationGower's Report on Intellectual Property , para 1.34 while the Administrative Council acts as its supervisory body as well as, to a limited extent, its legislative body. The actual legislative power to revise the lies with the Contracting States themselves when meeting at a Conference of the Contracting States. Within the European Patent Office, [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
European Court Of Justice
The European Court of Justice (ECJ, french: Cour de Justice européenne), formally just the Court of Justice, is the supreme court of the European Union in matters of European Union law. As a part of the Court of Justice of the European Union, it is tasked with interpreting EU law and ensuring its uniform application across all EU member states under Article 263 of the Treaty of the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU). The Court was established in 1952, and is based in Luxembourg. It is composed of one judge per member state – currently – although it normally hears cases in panels of three, five or fifteen judges. The Court has been led by president Koen Lenaerts since 2015. The ECJ is the highest court of the European Union in matters of Union law, but not national law. It is not possible to appeal against the decisions of national courts in the ECJ, but rather national courts refer questions of EU law to the ECJ. However, it is ultimately for the national court ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Parenting
Parenting or child rearing promotes and supports the physical, emotional, social, spiritual and intellectual development of a child from infancy to adulthood. Parenting refers to the intricacies of raising a child and not exclusively for a biological relationship. The most common caretaker in parenting is the father or mother, or both, the biological parents of the child in question. However, a surrogate parent may be an older sibling, a step-parent, a grandparent, a legal guardian, aunt, uncle, other family members, or a family friend. Governments and society may also have a role in child-rearing or upbringing. In many cases, orphaned or abandoned children receive parental care from non-parent or non-blood relations. Others may be adopted, raised in foster care, or placed in an orphanage. Parenting skills vary, and a parent or surrogate with good parenting skills may be referred to as a ''good parent''. Parenting styles vary by historical period, race/ethnicity, social c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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