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Elleipsisoma Thomsoni
Elleipsisoma is a genus of parasites within the phylum Apicomplexia. History This parasite was described in 1912 by Franca. This genus may have been described earlier by Graham-Smith The type species is ''Elleipsisoma thomsoni'' Hosts This parasite infects the European mole (''Talpa europaea''). It is most commonly found in the heart and lungs. It may occasionally be found in the kidneys, liver and spleen. Geographical distribution This parasite is found in the United Kingdom. Description Parasitized red cells were larger than normal mature erythrocytes Electron microscopic studies have shown the presence of rhoptries, micronemes, polar ring, microtubules and a conoid. Vectors Possible vectors include the mites ''Eulaelaps stabularis ''Eulaelaps'' is a genus of mites in the family Haemogamasidae. Species * '' Eulaelaps arboricola'' Uchikawa, 1978 * '' Eulaelaps dremomydis'' Gu & Wang, 1984 * '' Eulaelaps feideri'' (Fain, 1962) * '' Eulaelaps heptacanthus'' Yang ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eukaryota
Eukaryotes () are organisms whose Cell (biology), cells have a cell nucleus, nucleus. All animals, plants, fungi, and many unicellular organisms, are Eukaryotes. They belong to the group of organisms Eukaryota or Eukarya, which is one of the Three-domain system, three domains of life. Bacteria and Archaea (both prokaryotes) make up the other two domains. The eukaryotes are usually now regarded as having emerged in the Archaea or as a sister of the Asgard (archaea), Asgard archaea. This implies that there are only Two-domain system, two domains of life, Bacteria and Archaea, with eukaryotes incorporated among archaea. Eukaryotes represent a small minority of the number of organisms, but, due to their generally much larger size, their collective global biomass (ecology), biomass is estimated to be about equal to that of prokaryotes. Eukaryotes emerged approximately 2.3–1.8 billion years ago, during the Proterozoic eon, likely as Flagellated cell, flagellated phagotrophs. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Heart
The heart is a muscular organ in most animals. This organ pumps blood through the blood vessels of the circulatory system. The pumped blood carries oxygen and nutrients to the body, while carrying metabolic waste such as carbon dioxide to the lungs. In humans, the heart is approximately the size of a closed fist and is located between the lungs, in the middle compartment of the chest. In humans, other mammals, and birds, the heart is divided into four chambers: upper left and right atria and lower left and right ventricles. Commonly the right atrium and ventricle are referred together as the right heart and their left counterparts as the left heart. Fish, in contrast, have two chambers, an atrium and a ventricle, while most reptiles have three chambers. In a healthy heart blood flows one way through the heart due to heart valves, which prevent backflow. The heart is enclosed in a protective sac, the pericardium, which also contains a small amount of fluid. The wall ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Haemogamasus
''Haemogamasus'' is a genus of mites in the family Haemogamasidae. In North America, they mostly infect rodents, in addition to other small mammals such as shrews, talpids, and Virginia opossums. An unidentified immature ''Haemogamasus'' has been found on the marsh rice rat (''Oryzomys palustris'') in Georgia. Species * '' Haemogamasus ambulans'' * '' Haemogamasus angustus'' Ma, Ye & Zhang, 1996 * '' Haemogamasus arvicolarum'' Berlese, 1920 * '' Haemogamasus bascanus'' Senotrusova, 1985 * '' Haemogamasus cucurbitoides'' Wang & Pan, in Wang, Pan & Yan 1994 * '' Haemogamasus daliensis'' Tian, 1990 * '' Haemogamasus dauricus'' Bregetova * '' Haemogamasus dimini'' Senotrusova, 1987 * '' Haemogamasus dorsalis'' Teng & Pan * '' Haemogamasus emeiensis'' Zhou, 1981 * '' Haemogamasus ghanii'' Williams, in Williams, Smiley & Redington 1978Whitaker et al., 2007, p. 18 * '' Haemogamasus gongshanensis'' Tian & Gu, 1989 * '' Haemogamasus gui'' Tian, 1990 * '' Haemogamasus harperi''Wilso ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eulaelaps
''Eulaelaps'' is a genus of mites in the family Haemogamasidae. Species * '' Eulaelaps arboricola'' Uchikawa, 1978 * '' Eulaelaps dremomydis'' Gu & Wang, 1984 * '' Eulaelaps feideri'' (Fain, 1962) * '' Eulaelaps heptacanthus'' Yang & Gu, 1985 * '' Eulaelaps herbosalis'' Uchikawa, 1978 * '' Eulaelaps hirundinis'' Uchikawa, 1978 * ''Eulaelaps huzhuensis'' Yang & Gu, 1985 * '' Eulaelaps linggangis'' Wen & Yan, 1985 * ''Eulaelaps multisetatus'' Takada, Fujita & Takahashi, 1977 * ''Eulaelaps onoi'' Takada, Fujita & Takahashi, 1977 * ''Eulaelaps oudemansi'' Turk, 1945 * ''Eulaelaps petauristae'' Liu & Ma, 1998 * ''Eulaelaps pratentis'' Zhou, 1981 * ''Eulaelaps silvaticus'' Uchikawa, 1978 * ''Eulaelaps silvestris'' Zhou, 1981 * ''Eulaelaps sinensis'' Tian, 1990 * ''Eulaelaps stabularis'' (C.L.Koch, 1839) * ''Eulaelaps substabularis'' Yang & Gu, 1986 * ''Eulaelaps vulgaris ''Eulaelaps'' is a genus of mite Mites are small arachnids (eight-legged arthropods). Mites span two large ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mite
Mites are small arachnids (eight-legged arthropods). Mites span two large orders of arachnids, the Acariformes and the Parasitiformes, which were historically grouped together in the subclass Acari, but genetic analysis does not show clear evidence of a close relationship. Most mites are tiny, less than in length, and have a simple, unsegmented body plan. The small size of most species makes them easily overlooked; some species live in water, many live in soil as decomposers, others live on plants, sometimes creating galls, while others again are Predation, predators or Parasitism, parasites. This last type includes the commercially destructive ''Varroa'' parasite of honey bees, as well as scabies mites of humans. Most species are harmless to humans, but a few are associated with allergies or may transmit diseases. The scientific discipline devoted to the study of mites is called acarology. Evolution and taxonomy The mites are not a defined taxon, but is used for two disti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Conoid
In geometry a conoid () is a ruled surface, whose rulings (lines) fulfill the additional conditions: :(1) All rulings are parallel to a plane, the '' directrix plane''. :(2) All rulings intersect a fixed line, the ''axis''. The conoid is a right conoid if its axis is perpendicular to its directrix plane. Hence all rulings are perpendicular to the axis. Because of (1) any conoid is a Catalan surface and can be represented parametrically by :\mathbf x(u,v)= \mathbf c(u) + v\mathbf r(u)\ Any curve with fixed parameter is a ruling, describes the ''directrix'' and the vectors are all parallel to the directrix plane. The planarity of the vectors can be represented by :\det(\mathbf r,\mathbf \dot r,\mathbf \ddot r)=0 . If the directrix is a circle, the conoid is called a circular conoid. The term ''conoid'' was already used by Archimedes in his treatise '' On Conoids and Spheroides''. Examples Right circular conoid The parametric representation : \mathbf x(u,v)=(\cos ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Microtubule
Microtubules are polymers of tubulin that form part of the cytoskeleton and provide structure and shape to eukaryotic cells. Microtubules can be as long as 50 micrometres, as wide as 23 to 27 nm and have an inner diameter between 11 and 15 nm. They are formed by the polymerization of a dimer of two globular proteins, alpha and beta tubulin into protofilaments that can then associate laterally to form a hollow tube, the microtubule. The most common form of a microtubule consists of 13 protofilaments in the tubular arrangement. Microtubules play an important role in a number of cellular processes. They are involved in maintaining the structure of the cell and, together with microfilaments and intermediate filaments, they form the cytoskeleton. They also make up the internal structure of cilia and flagella. They provide platforms for intracellular transport and are involved in a variety of cellular processes, including the movement of secretory vesicles, organell ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Microneme
Micronemes are secretory organelles, possessed by parasitic apicomplexans. Micronemes are located on the apical third of the protozoan body. They are surrounded by a typical unit membrane. On electron microscopy they have an electron-dense matrix due to the high protein content. They are specialized secretory organelles important for host-cell invasion and gliding motility. These organelles secrete several proteins such as the ''Plasmodium falciparum'' apical membrane antigen-1, or PfAMA1, and Erythrocyte family antigen, or EBA, family proteins. These proteins specialize in binding to erythrocyte surface receptors and facilitating erythrocyte entry. Only by this initial chemical exchange can the parasite enter into the erythrocyte via actin-myosin motor complex. It has been posited that this organelle works cooperatively with its counterpart organelle, the rhoptry, which also is a secretory organelle. It is possible that, while the microneme initiates erythrocyte-binding, the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rhoptry
A rhoptry is a specialized secretory organelle. They are club-shaped organelles connected by thin necks to the extreme apical pole of the parasite. These organelles, like micronemes, are characteristic of the motile stages of Apicomplexa protozoans. They can vary in number and shape and contain numerous enzymes that are released during the penetration process. The proteins they contain are important in the interaction between the host and the parasite, including the formation of the parasitophorous vacuole The parasitophorous vacuole (PV) is a structure produced by apicomplexan parasites in the cells of its host. The PV allows the parasite to develop while protected from the phagolysosomes of the host cell. The PV is a bubble-like compartment made .... References Organelles {{Cell-biology-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United Kingdom
The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland, commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK) or Britain, is a country in Europe, off the north-western coast of the continental mainland. It comprises England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. The United Kingdom includes the island of Great Britain, the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland, and many smaller islands within the British Isles. Northern Ireland shares a land border with the Republic of Ireland; otherwise, the United Kingdom is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean, the North Sea, the English Channel, the Celtic Sea and the Irish Sea. The total area of the United Kingdom is , with an estimated 2020 population of more than 67 million people. The United Kingdom has evolved from a series of annexations, unions and separations of constituent countries over several hundred years. The Treaty of Union between the Kingdom of England (which included Wales, annexed in 1542) and the Kingdom of Scotland in 170 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Spleen
The spleen is an organ found in almost all vertebrates. Similar in structure to a large lymph node, it acts primarily as a blood filter. The word spleen comes .σπλήν Henry George Liddell, Robert Scott, ''A Greek-English Lexicon'', on Perseus Digital Library The spleen plays very important roles in regard to s (erythrocytes) and the . It removes old red blood cells and holds a reserve of blood, which can be valuable in case of |
Liver
The liver is a major Organ (anatomy), organ only found in vertebrates which performs many essential biological functions such as detoxification of the organism, and the Protein biosynthesis, synthesis of proteins and biochemicals necessary for digestion and growth. In humans, it is located in the quadrant (anatomy), right upper quadrant of the abdomen, below the thoracic diaphragm, diaphragm. Its other roles in metabolism include the regulation of Glycogen, glycogen storage, decomposition of red blood cells, and the production of hormones. The liver is an accessory digestive organ that produces bile, an alkaline fluid containing cholesterol and bile acids, which helps the fatty acid degradation, breakdown of fat. The gallbladder, a small pouch that sits just under the liver, stores bile produced by the liver which is later moved to the small intestine to complete digestion. The liver's highly specialized biological tissue, tissue, consisting mostly of hepatocytes, regulates a w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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