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Elision (French)
In French, elision is the suppression of a final unstressed vowel (usually ) immediately before another word beginning with a vowel or a muted h. The term also refers to the orthographic convention by which the deletion of a vowel is reflected in writing, and indicated with an apostrophe. Written French In written French, elision (both phonetic and orthographic) is obligatory for the following words: *the definite articles and ** ("the boy"), ("the girl") ** + → ("the tree"), + → ("the church") *the subject pronouns and (when they occur before the verb) **. ("I sleep") . ("That would be great.") **. ("I slept.") . ("It was great.") **but: ? ("Did I imagine?"), ? ("Is that useful?") *the object pronouns , , , , and (when they occur before the verb) **. ("Jean shaves himself, sees her, phones me.") **. ("Jean shaved himself, saw her, phoned me.") **but: . ("Look at him one more time.") *the object pronouns when they occur after an imperative verb and before the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
French Language
French ( or ) is a Romance language of the Indo-European family. It descended from the Vulgar Latin of the Roman Empire, as did all Romance languages. French evolved from Gallo-Romance, the Latin spoken in Gaul, and more specifically in Northern Gaul. Its closest relatives are the other langues d'oïl—languages historically spoken in northern France and in southern Belgium, which French ( Francien) largely supplanted. French was also influenced by native Celtic languages of Northern Roman Gaul like Gallia Belgica and by the ( Germanic) Frankish language of the post-Roman Frankish invaders. Today, owing to France's past overseas expansion, there are numerous French-based creole languages, most notably Haitian Creole. A French-speaking person or nation may be referred to as Francophone in both English and French. French is an official language in 29 countries across multiple continents, most of which are members of the ''Organisation internationale de la Francophonie'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Apostrophe
The apostrophe ( or ) is a punctuation mark, and sometimes a diacritical mark, in languages that use the Latin alphabet and some other alphabets. In English, the apostrophe is used for two basic purposes: * The marking of the omission of one or more letters, e.g. the contraction of "do not" to "don't". * The marking of possessive case of nouns (as in "the eagle's feathers", "in one month's time", "at your parents' ome). The word "apostrophe" comes ultimately from Greek (, ' he accent ofturning away or elision'), through Latin and French. For use in computer systems, Unicode has code points for three different forms of apostrophe. Usage in English Historical development The apostrophe was first used by Pietro Bembo in his edition of '' De Aetna'' (1496). It was introduced into English in the 16th century in imitation of French practice. French practice Introduced by Geoffroy Tory (1529), the apostrophe was used in place of a vowel letter to indicate elision (as ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Compound (linguistics)
In linguistics, a compound is a lexeme (less precisely, a word or sign) that consists of more than one stem. Compounding, composition or nominal composition is the process of word formation that creates compound lexemes. Compounding occurs when two or more words or signs are joined to make a longer word or sign. A compound that uses a space rather than a hyphen or concatenation is called an open compound or a spaced compound; the alternative is a closed compound. The meaning of the compound may be similar to or different from the meaning of its components in isolation. The component stems of a compound may be of the same part of speech—as in the case of the English word ''footpath'', composed of the two nouns ''foot'' and ''path''—or they may belong to different parts of speech, as in the case of the English word ''blackbird'', composed of the adjective ''black'' and the noun ''bird''. With very few exceptions, English compound words are stressed on their first component ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aspirated H
In French spelling, aspirated "h" ( French: ''"h" aspiré'') is an initial silent letter that represents a hiatus at a word boundary, between the word's first vowel and the preceding word's last vowel. At the same time, the aspirated ''h'' stops the normal processes of contraction and liaison from occurring. The name of the now-silent ''h'' refers not to aspiration but to its former pronunciation as the voiceless glottal fricative in Old French and in Middle French. Examples :a) nos héros ''our heroes'' :b) *nos héros ''our heroes'' This example illustrates how the aspirated ''h''-word ''héros'' prevents the liaison, in which the otherwise-silent word-final consonant would be pronounced before the first vowel of the following word. Because the ''h'' is aspirated, the second entry is incorrect, as the hiatus prevents the final from being phonetically realised. :a) le hibou 'the owl' :b) *l'hibou 'the owl' This example illustrates how the aspirated-''h'' word ''hi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Mute H
Muteness is a speech disorder in which a person lacks the ability to speak. Mute or the Mute may also refer to: Arts and entertainment Film and television * ''Mute'' (2005 film), a short film by Melissa Joan Hart * ''Mute'' (2018 film), a science-fiction thriller directed by Duncan Jones * "Mute" (''The Twilight Zone''), a 1963 episode of ''The Twilight Zone'' * Mutes, anthropomorphic animals in the American animated television series ''Kipo and the Age of Wonderbeasts'' Music * Mute (music), a device used to alter the sound of a musical instrument * Left-hand muting or palm mute, guitar muting techniques * Mute Records, a record label in the United Kingdom * ''Mute'' (album), a 2000 indie rock compilation album from Hush Records * ''Muted'' (album), a 2003 album from hip hop artist Alias In print * ''Mute'' (novel), a 1981 novel by Piers Anthony * "Mute" (short story), by Stephen King * Mute, a character in ''Tom Clancy's Rainbow Six Siege'' * ''Mute'' (magazine), an on ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Liaison (French)
In French, liaison () is the pronunciation of a linking consonant between two words in an appropriate phonetic and syntactic context. For example, the word ''les'' ('the') is pronounced , the word ''amis'' ('friends') is pronounced , but the combination ''les amis'' is pronounced , with a linking . Liaison only happens when the following word starts with a vowel or semivowel, and is restricted to word sequences whose components are linked in sense, e.g., article + noun, adjective + noun, personal pronoun + verb, and so forth. This indicates that liaison is primarily active in high-frequency word associations ( collocations). Most frequently, liaison arises from a mute word-final consonant that used to be pronounced, but in some cases it is inserted from scratch, as in ''a-t-il'' ('has he?'), which is the inverted form of ''il a'' ('he has'). In certain syntactic environments, liaison is impossible; in others, it is mandatory; in others still, it is possible but not mandatory ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elision
In linguistics, an elision or deletion is the omission of one or more sounds (such as a vowel, a consonant, or a whole syllable) in a word or phrase. However, these terms are also used to refer more narrowly to cases where two words are run together by the omission of a final sound. An example is the elision of word-final /t/ in English if it is preceded and followed by a consonant: "first light" is often pronounced /fɜ:s laɪt/. Many other terms are used to refer to particular cases where sounds are omitted. Citation forms and contextual forms A word may be spoken individually in what is called the Lemma (morphology), citation form. This corresponds to the pronunciation given in a dictionary. However, when words are spoken in context, it often happens that some sounds that belong to the citation form are omitted. Elision is not an all-or-nothing process: elision is more likely to occur in some styles of speaking and less likely in others. Many writers have described the styles ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Le Bon Usage
''Le Bon Usage'' (, ''Good Usage''), informally called ''Le Grevisse'', is a descriptive book about French grammar first published in 1936 by Maurice Grevisse, and periodically revised since. It describes the usage of the French language, primarily in its written literary form. Description Quite extensive (1600 pages), it includes numerous examples and counter-examples taken from Francophone literature of various periods, including newspapers, to form a reference for teachers of French, and in particular, authors and editors. Editions In 1936, the first edition was published by De Boeck Supérieur (then named Duculot). A new edition was published in 1939, and another in 1946. The book was awarded the gold medal of the Académie française. The high praise of André Gide in the literary supplement of ''Le Figaro ''Le Figaro'' () is a French daily morning newspaper founded in 1826. It is headquartered on Boulevard Haussmann in the 9th arrondissement of Paris. The o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Silent Letters
In an alphabetic writing system, a silent letter is a letter that, in a particular word, does not correspond to any sound in the word's pronunciation. In linguistics, a silent letter is often symbolised with a null sign . Null is an unpronounced or unwritten segment. The symbol resembles the Scandinavian letter Ø and other symbols. English One of the noted difficulties of English spelling is a high number of silent letters. Edward Carney distinguishes different kinds of "silent" letters, which present differing degrees of difficulty to readers. * Auxiliary letters which, with another letter, constitute digraphs, i.e. two letters combined which represent a single phoneme. These may further be categorized as: ** "Exocentric" digraphs, where the sound of the digraph is different from that of either of its constituent letters. These are rarely considered "silent". Examples: *** Where the phoneme has no standard single-letter representation, as with consonants for as in '' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
