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Elephantomyia Brevipalpa
''Elephantomyia (Elephantomyia) brevipalpa'' is an extinct species of crane fly in the family Limoniidae. The species is solely known from the Middle Eocene Baltic amber deposits in the Baltic Sea region of Europe. The species is one of six described from Baltic amber. History and classification ''Elephantomyia (Elephantomyia) brevipalpa'' is known from the holotype specimen, collection number MB.J.337, along with two further adults which are preserved as inclusions in transparent Baltic amber. As of 2015, two of the amber specimens were included in the collections of the University of Göttingen, while the third was housed at the Polish Academy of Sciences. Baltic amber is recovered from fossil bearing rocks in the Baltic Sea region of Europe. Estimates of the age date between 37 million years old, for the youngest sediments and 48 million years old. This age range straddles the middle Eocene, ranging from near the beginning of the Lutetian to the beginning of the Pribonian. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Middle Eocene
The Eocene ( ) Epoch is a geological epoch that lasted from about 56 to 33.9 million years ago (mya). It is the second epoch of the Paleogene Period in the modern Cenozoic Era. The name ''Eocene'' comes from the Ancient Greek (''ēṓs'', "dawn") and (''kainós'', "new") and refers to the "dawn" of modern ('new') fauna that appeared during the epoch. The Eocene spans the time from the end of the Paleocene Epoch to the beginning of the Oligocene Epoch. The start of the Eocene is marked by a brief period in which the concentration of the carbon isotope 13C in the atmosphere was exceptionally low in comparison with the more common isotope 12C. The end is set at a major extinction event called the ''Grande Coupure'' (the "Great Break" in continuity) or the Eocene–Oligocene extinction event, which may be related to the impact of one or more large bolides in Siberia and in what is now Chesapeake Bay. As with other geologic periods, the strata that define the start and end of the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Elephantomyia Longirostris
''Elephantomyia (Elephantomyia) longirostris'' is an extinct species of crane fly in the family Limoniidae. The species is solely known from the Middle Eocene Baltic amber deposits in the Baltic Sea region of Europe. The species is one of six in its genus described from Baltic amber. History and classification ''Elephantomyia (Elephantomyia) longirostris'' is known from the holotype specimen, collection number MB.J.337, along with ten further adults which are preserved as inclusions in transparent Baltic amber. As of 2015, nine of the amber specimens were included in the collections of the Polish Academy of Sciences, while another was housed at the Natural History Museum Humboldt University, and the last resided in a private collection. Baltic amber is recovered from fossil bearing rocks in the Baltic Sea region of Europe. Estimates of the age date between 37 million years old, for the youngest sediments and 48 million years old. This age range straddles the middle E ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Comstock–Needham System
The Comstock–Needham system is a naming system for insect wing veins, devised by John Comstock and George Needham in 1898. It was an important step in showing the homology of all insect wings. This system was based on Needham's ''pretracheation theory'' that was later discredited by Frederic Charles Fraser in 1938.Fraser, F. C. 1938. A note on the fallaciousness of the theory of pretracheation in the venation of Odonata. ''Proc. Roy. Ent. Soc. London'' (A) 13: 60–70 Vein terminology Longitudinal veins The Comstock and Needham system attributes different names to the veins on an insect's wing. From the anterior (leading) edge of the wing towards the posterior (rear), the major longitudinal veins are named: *''costa'' C, meaning ''rib'' *''subcosta'' Sc, meaning ''below the rib'' *''radius'' R, in analogy with a bone in the forearm, the radius *''media'' M, meaning ''middle'' *''cubitus'' Cu, meaning ''elbow'' *''anal veins'' A, in reference to its posterior location Apart ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pterostigma
The pterostigma (plural: pterostigmata) is a group of specialized cells in the outer insect wing, wings of insects, which are often thickened or coloured, and thus stand out from other cells. It is particularly noticeable in dragonfly, dragonflies, but present also in other insect groups, such as snakefly, snakeflies, hymenopterans, and megalopterans. Purpose The pterostigma, a heavier section of the wing than nearby sections, assists in gliding. Without the pterostigmata, self-exciting vibrations known as aeroelastic flutter, flutter would set in on the wing above a certain critical speed, making gliding impossible. Tests show that with the pterostigmata, the critical gliding speed is increased 10–25% on one species of dragonfly. Pseudopterostigma Some female damselfly, damselflies in the family Calopterygidae possess a ''pseudopterostigma''. This is similar in location on the wing to a true pterostigma but is crossed by veins and is only defined by its paler colour compared ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Antenna (biology)
Antennae ( antenna), sometimes referred to as "feelers", are paired appendages used for sensing in arthropods. Antennae are connected to the first one or two segments of the arthropod head. They vary widely in form but are always made of one or more jointed segments. While they are typically sensory organs, the exact nature of what they sense and how they sense it is not the same in all groups. Functions may variously include sensing touch, air motion, heat, vibration (sound), and especially smell or taste. Antennae are sometimes modified for other purposes, such as mating, brooding, swimming, and even anchoring the arthropod to a substrate. Larval arthropods have antennae that differ from those of the adult. Many crustaceans, for example, have free-swimming larvae that use their antennae for swimming. Antennae can also locate other group members if the insect lives in a group, like the ant. The common ancestor of all arthropods likely had one pair of uniramous (unbranched ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Insect Mouthparts
Insects have mouthparts that may vary greatly across insect species, as they are adapted to particular modes of feeding. The earliest insects had chewing mouthparts. Most specialisation of mouthparts are for piercing and sucking, and this mode of feeding has evolved a number of times idependently. For example, mosquitoes and aphids (which are true bugs) both pierce and suck, however female mosquitoes feed on animal blood whereas aphids feed on plant fluids. Evolution Like most external features of arthropods, the mouthparts of Hexapoda are highly derived. Insect mouthparts show a multitude of different functional mechanisms across the wide diversity of insect species. It is common for significant homology to be conserved, with matching structures forming from matching primordia, and having the same evolutionary origin. However, even if structures are almost physically and functionally identical, they may not be homologous; their analogous functions and appearance might be the pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Rostrum (anatomy)
Rostrum (from Latin ', meaning ''beak'') is a term used in anatomy for a number of phylogenetically unrelated structures in different groups of animals. Invertebrates * In crustaceans, the rostrum is the forward extension of the carapace in front of the eyes. It is generally a rigid structure, but can be connected by a hinged joint, as seen in Leptostraca. * Among insects, the rostrum is the name for the piercing mouthparts of the order Hemiptera as well as those of the snow scorpionflies, among many others. The long snout of weevils is also called a rostrum. * Gastropod molluscs have a rostrum or proboscis. * Cephalopod molluscs have hard beak-like mouthparts referred to as the rostrum. File:Washington DC Zoo - Macrobrachium rosenbergii 6.jpg, Crustacean: the rostrum of the shrimp ''Macrobrachium rosenbergii'' is serrated along both edges. File:Gminatus australis with Beetle.jpg, Insect: assassin bug piercing its prey with its rostrum File:Architeuthis beak.jpg, Cephalopod: ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
University Of Rzeszów
The University of Rzeszów is a university in Rzeszów, Poland. The patron of the university is Saint Queen Jadwiga of Poland. It was officially established in 2001 by combining several older institutions in the city. The current university comprises the former: * Rzeszów branch of the Maria Curie-Skłodowska University * Higher School of Education * Economics department of the Hugo Kołłątaj Academy of Agriculture The school has over 22,000 students. Faculties * Faculty of Biology and Agriculture * Faculty of Economics * Faculty of Philology * Faculty of Mathematics and Nature * Faculty of Medicine * Faculty of Pedagogy and Art * Faculty of Law * Faculty of Sociology and History * Faculty of Physical Education * Branch Campus of the Faculty of Biotechnology Interfaculty Units * Interfaculty Institute of Philosophy * Practical Foreign Languages Teaching College * "POLONUS" Centre of Polish Culture and Language for Poles from Abroad and Foreigners * Culture and Ed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Carl Robert Osten-Sacken
Carl Robert Osten-Sacken or Carl-Robert Romanovich, Baron von der Osten-Sacken, Baron Osten Sacken (21 August 1828, – 20 May 1906) was a Russian diplomat and entomologist. He served as the Russian consul general in New York City during the American Civil War, living in the United States from 1856 to 1877. He worked on the taxonomy of flies in general and particularly of the family Tipulidae (crane flies). Early life Carl Robert Osten-Sacken was born on 21 August 1828 in St. Petersburg as the son of Baltic German Baron Reinhold Friedrich von der Osten-Sacken (1791-1864) and his wife, Elisabeth von Engelhardt (1805-1873). Biography He took an interest in insects at the age of eleven through the influence of Joseph N. Schatiloff, a Russian coleopterist. In 1849 he joined the Imperial Foreign Office and while still in Russia he published his first entomological papers, including an account of the species found in the suburbs of St. Petersburg. In 1856, he was sent to Was ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nomen Nudum
In taxonomy, a ''nomen nudum'' ('naked name'; plural ''nomina nuda'') is a designation which looks exactly like a scientific name of an organism, and may have originally been intended to be one, but it has not been published with an adequate description. This makes it a "bare" or "naked" name, which cannot be accepted as it stands. A largely equivalent but much less frequently used term is ''nomen tantum'' ("name only"). In zoology According to the rules of zoological nomenclature a ''nomen nudum'' is unavailable; the glossary of the ''International Code of Zoological Nomenclature'' gives this definition: And among the rules of that same Zoological Code: In botany According to the rules of botanical nomenclature a ''nomen nudum'' is not validly published. The glossary of the ''International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants'' gives this definition: The requirements for the diagnosis or description are covered by articles 32, 36, 41, 42, and 44. ''Nomina nud ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Toxorhina
''Toxorhina'' is a genus of Tipuloidea, crane fly in the family Limoniidae. It can be distinguished among other crane flies by the reduced number of veins in the wings, among other less apparent differences. Species *Subgenus ''Ceratocheilus'' Walter Wesché, Wesche, 1910 :*''Toxorhina alexanderi, T. alexanderi'' Tjeder, 1981 :*''Toxorhina approximata, T. approximata'' Charles Paul Alexander, Alexander, 1951 :*''Toxorhina atritarsis, T. atritarsis'' Charles Paul Alexander, Alexander, 1943 :*''Toxorhina australasiae, T. australasiae'' (Charles Paul Alexander, Alexander, 1922) :*''Toxorhina biroi, T. biroi'' Charles Paul Alexander, Alexander, 1934 :*''Toxorhina bispinosa, T. bispinosa'' Charles Paul Alexander, Alexander, 1965 :*''Toxorhina bistyla, T. bistyla'' Charles Paul Alexander, Alexander, 1967 :*''Toxorhina brachymera, T. brachymera'' Charles Paul Alexander, Alexander, 1956 :*''Toxorhina brevifrons, T. brevifrons'' (Enrico Adelelmo Brunetti, Brunetti, 1918) :*''Toxorhina brev ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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