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Eleanor Barton
Eleanor Barton (''née'' Stockton; 13 July 1872 – 9 March 1960) was a British co-operative movement activist from Manchester. Early life and family Barton was born in Manchester, the daughter of William Stockton, a prison warden born from Shropshire, and Julia ée FarrarStockton from Liverpool. Her maternal grandmother, born in Ireland, also lived with them while Eleanor was growing up. Little is known of her early life, but it is believed her family was active in the labour movement in Manchester. Activism In 1894, she married Alfred Barton, a librarian and active anarchist at the time, and the two moved to Sheffield. Both became heavily involved in the local socialist and co-operative movements; Eleanor joined the Brightside and Carbrook Co-operative's Women's Co-operative Guild, and became secretary of its Hillsborough branch, then serving in succession on the district, Yorkshire and central committees of the Guild. She was elected as national treasurer in 1913, t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Justice Of The Peace
A justice of the peace (JP) is a judicial officer of a lower or ''puisne'' court, elected or appointed by means of a commission ( letters patent) to keep the peace. In past centuries the term commissioner of the peace was often used with the same meaning. Depending on the jurisdiction, such justices dispense summary justice or merely deal with local administrative applications in common law jurisdictions. Justices of the peace are appointed or elected from the citizens of the jurisdiction in which they serve, and are (or were) usually not required to have any formal legal education in order to qualify for the office. Some jurisdictions have varying forms of training for JPs. History In 1195, Richard I ("the Lionheart") of England and his Minister Hubert Walter commissioned certain knights to preserve the peace in unruly areas. They were responsible to the King in ensuring that the law was upheld and preserving the " King's peace". Therefore, they were known as "keepers of th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Labour Party (UK)
The Labour Party is a political party in the United Kingdom that has been described as an alliance of social democrats, democratic socialists and trade unionists. The Labour Party sits on the centre-left of the political spectrum. In all general elections since 1922, Labour has been either the governing party or the Official Opposition. There have been six Labour prime ministers and thirteen Labour ministries. The party holds the annual Labour Party Conference, at which party policy is formulated. The party was founded in 1900, having grown out of the trade union movement and socialist parties of the 19th century. It overtook the Liberal Party to become the main opposition to the Conservative Party in the early 1920s, forming two minority governments under Ramsay MacDonald in the 1920s and early 1930s. Labour served in the wartime coalition of 1940–1945, after which Clement Attlee's Labour government established the National Health Service and expanded the welfa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Honora Enfield
Alice Honora Enfield (4 January 1882 – 14 August 1935) was a British co-operative activist. Life and career Born in Nottingham, she was the sister of Elinor Enfield. Alice studied at St Leonards School in St Andrews, and then at Somerville College, Oxford University. She became a secondary school teacher, also undertaking research in history in her spare time.H. F. Bing, "Enfield, Alice Honora", ''Dictionary of Labour Biography'', vol.I, pp.112-113 In 1913, Enfield began working for the National Federation of Women Workers, focusing on campaigning for better benefits for women under the National Health Insurance scheme. Four years later, she instead took employment with the Women's Co-operative Guild, as private secretary to Margaret Llewelyn Davies. Davies retired as secretary of the organisation in 1922, and Enfield replaced her. Enfield was a founder of the International Women's Co-operative Guild in 1921, and became its first secretary, the following year. Th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
New Zealand
New Zealand ( mi, Aotearoa ) is an island country in the southwestern Pacific Ocean. It consists of two main landmasses—the North Island () and the South Island ()—and over 700 smaller islands. It is the sixth-largest island country by area, covering . New Zealand is about east of Australia across the Tasman Sea and south of the islands of New Caledonia, Fiji, and Tonga. The country's varied topography and sharp mountain peaks, including the Southern Alps, owe much to tectonic uplift and volcanic eruptions. New Zealand's capital city is Wellington, and its most populous city is Auckland. The islands of New Zealand were the last large habitable land to be settled by humans. Between about 1280 and 1350, Polynesians began to settle in the islands and then developed a distinctive Māori culture. In 1642, the Dutch explorer Abel Tasman became the first European to sight and record New Zealand. In 1840, representatives of the United Kingdom and Māori chiefs ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Co-operative Newspaper Publishing Society
The Co-operative Press is a co-operative whose principal activity is the publication of ''Co-op News''. The society's stated mission is to "connect, champion and challenge the global co-operative movement". The co-operative's members are the subscribers of ''Co-op News''. Founded in Manchester in 1873, the Co-operative Press is still headquartered in the city, at Holyoake House. The society was first incorporated as the Co-operative Newspaper Society by a group of co-operative societies to take on the publishing of ''The Co-operative News''. Printing was carried out by the Co-operative Printing Society. In 1921 the society merged with the Scottish Co-operative Newspaper Society and renamed itself as the National Co-operative Publishing Society, before taking on its current name – the Co-operative Press – in 1935. In 1971 the Society took over the co-operative Birmingham Printers, and in 1972 merged with the Co-operative Printing Society. Publications ''Co-op News'' ' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Co-operative Permanent Building Society
The Co-operative Permanent Building Society was a mutual building society, providing mortgages and savings accounts to its members. Its head office was located at New Oxford House in London. (No. 141B) Financial Services Authority (retrieved 17 November 2009) In 1970, it was renamed the . History Origins 1884 - 1900 The Southern Co-operative Permanent Building Society was formed in 1884 by a group of Co-operators including Thomas Webb and Charles Cooper, initially ...[...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hands Off Russia
The Hands Off Russia campaign was an international political initiative first launched by British Socialists in 1919 to organise opposition to the British intervention on the side of the White armies against the Bolsheviks in the Russian Civil War, as well as to oppose support for Poland during the Polish-Soviet war. The movement was funded partly with financial support from the Bolsheviks themselves. Their most prominent success was in stopping the sailing of the SS Jolly George with munitions bound for Poland. The movement was encouraged by the fledgling Communist International and ultimately emulated in several other countries, including the United States, Canada, and Australia. History Founding The National Committee for the Hands off Russia Movement was elected at a conference in London in January 1919. Sylvia Pankhurst obtained funds for the movement from Moscow. Socialists like William Paul, W. P. Coates (national secretary), Harry Pollitt (national organiser), David Ra ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peace Pledge Union
The Peace Pledge Union (PPU) is a non-governmental organisation that promotes pacifism, based in the United Kingdom. Its members are signatories to the following pledge: "War is a crime against humanity. I renounce war, and am therefore determined not to support any kind of war. I am also determined to work for the removal of all causes of war", and campaign to promote peaceful and nonviolent solutions to conflict. The PPU forms the British section of War Resisters' International. History Formation The PPU emerged from an initiative by Hugh Richard Lawrie 'Dick' Sheppard, canon of St Paul's Cathedral, in 1934, after he had published a letter in the ''Manchester Guardian'' and other newspapers, inviting men (but not women) to send him postcards pledging never to support war.Andrew Rigby, "The Peace Pledge Union: From Peace to War, 1936–1945" in Peter Brock, Thomas Paul Socknat ''Challenge to Mars:Pacifism from 1918 to 1945''. University of Toronto Press, 1999. (pp. 169–18 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1929 United Kingdom General Election
The 1929 United Kingdom general election was held on Thursday, 30 May 1929 and resulted in a hung parliament. It stands as the fourth of six instances under the secret ballot, and the first of three under universal suffrage, in which a party has lost on the popular vote but won the highest number (known as "a plurality") of seats versus all other parties (the others are 1874, January 1910, December 1910, 1951 and February 1974). In 1929, Ramsay MacDonald's Labour Party won the most seats in the House of Commons for the first time. The Liberal Party led again by former Prime Minister David Lloyd George regained some ground lost in the 1924 general election and held the balance of power. Parliament was dissolved on 10 May. The election was often referred to as the "Flapper Election", because it was the first in which women aged 21–29 had the right to vote (owing to the Representation of the People Act 1928). (Women over 30 had been able to vote since the 1918 general ele ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nottingham Central (UK Parliament Constituency)
Nottingham Central was a borough constituency in the city of Nottingham. It returned one Member of Parliament to the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom. The constituency was created for the 1918 general election, and abolished for the February 1974 general election. Boundaries 1918–1950: The County Borough of Nottingham wards of Forest, Market, Robin Hood, St Ann's, and Sherwood. 1950–1955: The County Borough of Nottingham wards of Forest, Market, Robin Hood, St Mary's, and Sherwood, and the Rural District of Nottingham. 1955–1974: The County Borough of Nottingham wards of Forest, Manvers, Market, Radford, and St Ann's, and the Rural District of Nottingham. Members of Parliament Election results Elections in the 1910s Elections in the 1920s Elections 1930–45 Another general election was required to take place before the end of 1940. The political parties had been mak ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1923 United Kingdom General Election
The 1923 United Kingdom general election was held on Thursday 6 December 1923. The Conservative Party (UK), Conservatives, led by Stanley Baldwin, won the most seats, but Labour Party (UK), Labour, led by Ramsay MacDonald, and H. H. Asquith's reunited Liberal Party (UK), Liberal Party gained enough seats to produce a hung parliament. It is the most recent UK general election in which a third party (here, the Liberals) won over 100 seats. The Liberals' percentage of the vote, 29.7%, has not been exceeded by a third party at any general election since. MacDonald formed the First MacDonald ministry, first ever Labour government with tacit support from the Liberals. Rather than trying to bring the Liberals back into government, Asquith's motivation for permitting Labour to enter power was that he hoped they would prove to be incompetent and quickly lose support. Being a minority, MacDonald's government only lasted ten months and another general election was held in 1924 United Kingdo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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