|
Elaphe
''Elaphe'' is a genus of snakes in the family Colubridae. ''Elaphe'' is one of the main genera of the rat snakes, which are found in many regions of the northern hemisphere. ''Elaphe'' species are medium to large constrictors by nature. Although all of the species in ''Elaphe'' are nonvenomous, bites from rat snakes are still irritably painful and can potentially cause bacterial infections, especially due to the saliva."Rat snakes – lifecycle, predation, diet, bites, hibernation, pictures and videos." Ratsnake.org. (2010-09-23). Based on the analysis results, many species of ''Elaphe'' have been moved to the genera '' |
Rat Snake
Rat snakes are members – along with kingsnakes, milk snakes, vine snakes and indigo snakes – of the subfamily Colubrinae of the family Colubridae. They are medium to large constrictors and are found throughout much of the Northern Hemisphere. They feed primarily on rodents. Many species make attractive and docile pets and one, the corn snake, is one of the most popular reptile pets in the world. As with all snakes, they can be defensive when approached too closely, handled, or restrained. However, rat snake bites are not dangerous to humans. Like nearly all colubrids, rat snakes pose no threat to humans. Rat snakes were long believed to be completely nonvenomous, but recent studies have shown that some Old World species do possess small amounts of venom, though the amount is negligible relative to humans. Previously, most rat snakes were assigned to the genus ''Elaphe'', but many have been since renamed following mitochondrial DNA analysis performed in 2002. For the p ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pantherophis Obsoletus
''Pantherophis obsoletus'', also known commonly as the western rat snake, black rat snake, pilot black snake, or simply black snake, is a nonvenomous species of snake in the family Colubridae. The species is native to central North America. There are no subspecies that are recognized as being valid. Its color variations include the Texas rat snake.''Pantherophis obsoletus'' The Reptile Database. www.reptile-database.org. Along with other snakes of the eastern United States, like the (''Drymarchon couperi)'' and the |
Elaphe Climacophora
The Japanese rat snake (''Elaphe climacophora'') is a medium-sized colubrid snake found throughout the Japanese archipelago (except the far South West) as well as on the Russian-administered Kunashir Island. In Japanese it is known as the ''aodaishō'' or "blue general". It is non-venomous. It is hunted by eagles and tanukis. The snakes hibernate for three to four months, mate in spring and lay 7–20 eggs in early summer. Description Adults reach one to two meters in length and about five centimeters in girth. ''E. climacophora'' is the largest Japanese snake outside Okinawa. They are variable in color, ranging from pale yellow-green to dark blue-green. Juveniles have brown-stripe pattern that may be mimesis of the venomous mamushi. An albino form is known, with specimens especially numerous near Iwakuni, where they are called "Iwakuni white snakes" and revered as messengers of deities and deity-guardians of mountains and rivers. The albino population was protected i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ladder Snake
The ladder snake (''Zamenis scalaris'') is a species of non-venomous snake in the family Colubridae. The species is endemic to southwestern Europe. Distribution The geographic range of the ladder snake includes Portugal, Spain, southern France and just into Italy, also Menorca and the Iles d'Hyères off Provence, but it is absent from northern Iberia including much of the Pyrenees, Galicia (although the species is found on Ons Island, in the Atlantic Islands of Galicia National Park inisterio de Agricultura, Alimentaci ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Senticolis
''Senticolis'' is a genus of nonvenomous snake in the family Colubridae. The genus ''Senticolis'' is monotypic, containing the sole species ''Senticolis triaspis'', also known as the green rat snake. The species is endemic to Central America, Mexico, southern Arizona, and southern New Mexico. Description ''Senticolis triaspis'' may grow to a total length (including tail) of . Dorsally, it is green or olive green, and ventrally it is light yellow. The head is elongated, the body is slender, and the smooth dorsal scales are arranged in 31-39 rows.Wright & Wright 1957. Habitat ''Senticolis triaspis'' usually inhabits evergreen forests and grassland. Geographic range ''Senticolis triaspis'' is well distributed in the Baboquivari, Pajarito, Atascosa, Santa Rita, Empire, Patagonia, Chiricahua, Swisshelm, Pedregosa, and Peloncillo mountains of southeastern Arizona. Diet ''Senticolis triaspis'' consumes small animals such as lizards, birds, and bats, killing them by deadly constr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pantherophis
''Pantherophis'' is a genus of nonvenomous colubrid snakes endemic to central and eastern regions of North America. It consists of the North American ratsnakes, the foxsnakes, and the cornsnakes. The genus, which contains 10 recognized species, first appeared in the fossil record in the Middle Miocene around 16.3 million years ago. They are a large terrestrial snake genus that lack subocular scales. Originally classified in the genus ''Elaphe'', phylogenetic studies have found this taxon to be closely related to ''Pituophis''. As with all snakes ''Pantherophis'' is an obligate faunivore with a diet that consists of small mammals, birds, reptiles and amphibians, and even insects. While many species conservation status is categorized as "least concern", many local populations in some species have declined where some places have them listed as federally protected. The corn snake (''P. guttatus'') is a popular pet reptile, due to the availability of captive-bred animals, their low ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Colubridae
Colubridae (, commonly known as colubrids , from la, coluber, 'snake') is a family of snakes. With 249 genera, it is the largest snake family. The earliest species of the family date back to the Oligocene epoch. Colubrid snakes are found on every continent except Antarctica. Description While most colubrids are not venomous (or have venom that is not known to be harmful to humans) and are mostly harmless, a few groups, such as genus ''Boiga'', can produce medically significant injuries. In addition, the boomslang, the twig snakes, and the Asian genus ''Rhabdophis'' have caused human fatalities. Some colubrids are described as opisthoglyphous (often called "rear-fanged"), meaning they have elongated, grooved teeth located in the back of their upper jaws. It is likely that opisthoglyphous dentition evolved many times in the history of snakes and is an evolutionary precursor to the fangs of vipers and elapids, which are located in the front of the mouth. Classification In the pas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gonyosoma
''Gonyosoma'' is a genus of snakes in the family Colubridae. The genus is endemic to South Asia. Description There are a few distinct morphological characteristics that distinguish ''Gonyosoma'' from ''Elaphe''. In scutellation there are 2-3 supralabials that contact the eye, with typically two in ''G. oxycephalum'', and three in ''G. jansenii''. The supralabial at the posterior of the eye is highly arched around the back of the eye. The loreal scale is thin and elongate, and appears stretched between the preocular and the nasal. Other diagnostic features is an elongate left rudimentary lung (70–141 mm), and a distinct hemipenes structure. Behavior These snakes have the ability to laterally compress and inflate the first third of their bodies when threatened. The inflated region is typically recoiled into an S, which is elevated above the horizontal forming a typical striking position. The inflation of the body exposes the black and white diagonal bands of the intersti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Bogertophis
''Bogertophis'' is a genus of New World rat snakes in the family Colubridae. The genus is endemic to the southwestern United States and northern Mexico. There are two accepted species. Etymology The genus ''Bogertophis'' is named in honor of American herpetologist Charles Mitchill Bogert. Species The following two species are recognized as being valid. *'' Bogertophis rosaliae'' ( Mocquard, 1899) – Baja California rat snake *''Bogertophis subocularis'' ( A. Brown, 1901) – Trans-Pecos rat snake ''Nota bene'': A binomial authority in parentheses indicates that the species was originally described in a genus other than ''Bogertophis''. Description ''Bogertophis'' are long, slender snakes, with large eyes that have round pupils. They can attain total lengths (including tail) of . Powell, Robert; Conant, Roger; Collins, Joseph T (2016). ''Peterson Field Guide to Reptiles and Amphibians of Eastern and Central North America, Fourth Edition''. Boston and New York: Houghton Miffl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coelognathus
''Coelognathus'' is a genus of seven rat snakes from South and Southeast Asia that were formerly assigned to the genus ''Elaphe''. Based on morphological evidence and protein similarities, in 2001, Helfenberger revalidated the name ''Coelognathus'' that had originally been proposed by Leopold Fitzinger in 1843. The distinction between ''Coelognathus'' and ''Elaphe'' was further supported by mitochondrial DNA sequence and additional morphological evidence in 2005. Species These species are recognized:"''Coelognathus'' ". The Reptile Database. www.reptile-database.org. *''Coelognathus enganensis'' *''Coelognathus erythrurus'' – Philippine rat snake *''Coelognathus flavolineatus'' – yellow-striped rat snake *''Coelognathus helena'' – trinket snake *''Coelognathus philippinus'' – reddish rat snake *''Coelognathus radiatus'' – copperhead rat snake *''Coelognathus subradiatus'' - Indonesian rat snake ''Nota bene'': A binomial authority in parentheses indicates that ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Coronoid Bones
In human anatomy, the mandible's coronoid process (from Greek ''korōnē'', denoting something hooked) is a thin, triangular eminence, which is flattened from side to side and varies in shape and size. Its anterior border is convex and is continuous below with the anterior border of the ramus. Its ''posterior border'' is concave and forms the anterior boundary of the mandibular notch. The ''lateral surface'' is smooth, and affords insertion to the temporalis and masseter muscles. Its ''medial surface'' gives insertion to the temporalis, and presents a ridge which begins near the apex of the process and runs downward and forward to the inner side of the last molar tooth. Between this ridge and the anterior border is a grooved triangular area, the upper part of which gives attachment to the temporalis, the lower part to some fibers of the buccinator. Clinical significance Fractures of the mandible are common. However, coronoid process fractures are very rare. Isolated fractures of th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Duvernoy's Gland
The Duvernoy's gland is a gland found in some groups of ''colubrid'' snakes. It is distinguished from the venom gland and is not found in ''viperids'' or ''elapids''. It was named for French zoologist Georges Louis Duvernoy who first described the gland in 1832. The Duvernoy's gland is positioned posterior to the eye, encased in a thin cover of connective tissue, and consists mostly of serous cells. A single, short duct extends anteromedially from the lumen of the gland to the base of the posterior fangs. Function The function of the Duvernoy's gland has been the source of much study and speculation, and debate is still ongoing. It is widely recognized that the Duvernoy's gland is the homologue of venom glands in vipers and elapids. However, the two types of glands are also “anatomically and functionally distinct,” leading experts such as Dr. Kenneth Kardong to maintain the distinction between the Duvernoy's gland and venom glands. Other scientists such as Dr. Bryan Fry mai ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
.jpg "Click for more on -> Gonyosoma")
