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Ein Harod
Ein Harod ( he, עֵין חֲרוֹד) was a kibbutz in northern Israel near Mount Gilboa. Founded in 1921, it became the center of Mandatory Palestine's kibbutz movement, hosting the headquarters of the largest kibbutz organisation, HaKibbutz HaMeuhad. In 1923 part of the community split off into Tel Yosef, and in 1952 the rest of the community split into Ein Harod (Ihud) and Ein Harod (Meuhad). It was named after the nearby spring then known in Arabic as Ain Jalut, "Spring of Goliath", Hebraized as "Ein Harod", now Ma'ayan Harod. It was built on land formerly belonging to the villages of Qumya and Tamra. History Middle Ages The original kibbutz was located near the 1260 battlefield of Ayn Jalut, a battle in which the Mongols suffered their first defeat at the hands of the Mamluks, which arguably saved the Mamluk sultanate from annihilation. The kibbutz's first location The kibbutz was founded in 1921 by Russian Jewish pioneers of the Third Aliyah. In 1921, members of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Third Aliyah
The Third Aliyah ( he, העלייה השלישית, ''HaAliyah HaShlishit'') refers to the third wave—or aliyah—of modern Jewish immigration to Palestine from Europe. This wave lasted from 1919, just after the end of World War I, until 1923, at the start of an economic crisis in Palestine. History Approximately 40,000 Jews arrived in Palestine during the Third Aliyah. The bellwether of the Third Aliyah was the ship SS Ruslan, which arrived at Jaffa Port on December 19, 1919 carrying over 600 new immigrants and people returning after being stranded in Europe during the war. The Third Aliyah was triggered by the October Revolution in Russia, anti-semitic pogroms in Eastern Europe and the Balfour Declaration. The pioneers of the Third Aliyah originated mainly from Eastern European countries: 45% from Russia, 31% from Poland, 5% from Romania, and three percent from Lithuania. Most of the newcomers were young ''halutzim'' (pioneers), who built roads and towns and commenced th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gdud HaAvoda
Gdud HaAvoda ( he, גדוד העבודה) was a socialist Zionist work group in Mandate Palestine. History Officially known as the Yosef Trumpeldor Labor and Defense Battalion ( he, גדוד העבודה וההגנה על־שם יוסף טרומפלדור), Gdud HaAvoda was established on 8 August 1920 for the purpose of Jewish labor, settlement and defense.Gdud Ha'avodah Zionism and Israel It was named after , who was killed at by [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1936–1939 Arab Revolt In Palestine
The 1936–1939 Arab revolt in Palestine, later known as The Great Revolt (''al-Thawra al- Kubra'') or The Great Palestinian Revolt (''Thawrat Filastin al-Kubra''), was a popular nationalist uprising by Palestinian Arabs in Mandatory Palestine against the British administration of the Palestine Mandate, demanding Arab independence and the end of the policy of open-ended Jewish immigration and land purchases with the stated goal of establishing a "Jewish National Home". The uprising coincided with a peak in the influx of immigrant Jews, some 60,000 that year –the Jewish population having grown under British auspices from 57,000 to 320,000 in 1935 – and with the growing plight of the rural fellahin rendered landless, who as they moved to metropolitan centers to escape their abject poverty found themselves socially marginalized. Since 1920 Jews and Arabs had been involved in a cycle of attacks and counter-attacks, and the immediate spark for the uprising was the murder of two Jew ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ayelet HaShahar
Ayelet HaShahar ( he, אַיֶּלֶת הַשַּׁחַר) is a kibbutz in northern Israel acquired in 1892 and settled in the second Aliyah, located on the Korazim Plateau, by the Rosh Pina – Metulla road, it is approximately south of Kiryat Shmona and falls under the jurisdiction of Upper Galilee Regional Council. In , it had a population of . Named after the introduction of Psalm 22, and means "hind of the dawn". History The name of the kibbutz, literally ''"hind of the dawn"'', is taken from the first line of Psalm 22 in reference to ''Najmat es-Subh'' ( ar, نجمة الصبح, lit=star of the dawn), the original name of the land on which the kibbutz is located. The land was bought by the Jewish Colonization Association in 1892, and first settled by immigrants from Europe in 1915 during the Second Aliyah period. A census conducted in 1922 by the British Mandate authorities, recorded a population of 78 Jews.Barron, 1923, p41/ref> During the end of the British mandate, the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ashdot Yaakov
Ashdot Ya'akov ( he, אַשְׁדוֹת יַעֲקֹב, lit. ''Ya'akov Rapids'') is a kibbutz in northern Israel. Originally founded in 1924 by a kvutza of Hashomer members from Latvia on the land which is today Gesher, it moved to its current location between 1933 and 1935. It was named after the rapids of the nearby Yarmouk River and James "Ya'akov" Armand de Rothschild. History Between 1933 and 1935 the kibbutz moved northeast of its original location, onto land which had been bought by the Palestine Jewish Colonization Association. The children of Ashod Yaacov were evacuated during the 1948 Arab-Israeli war, when the kibbutz suffered intensive shelling from Syrian, Iraqi and Transjordanian forces. In 1953, as a result of the split in the HaKibbutz HaMeuhad movement, the kibbutz was split in two: *Members of Ihud HaKvutzot VeHaKibbutzim established Ashdot Ya'akov Ihud *Members of HaKibbutz HaMeuhad established Ashdot Ya'akov Meuhad Ashdot Ya'akov Meuhad ( h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yagur
Yagur ( he, יָגוּר) is a kibbutz in northern Israel. Located on the northeastern slopes of Mount Carmel, about 9 km southeast of Haifa, it falls under the jurisdiction of Zevulun Regional Council. In it had a population of , making it one of the two largest kibbutzim in the country. History Yagur was founded in 1922 by a settlement group called ''Ahva'' ''(Brotherhood)''. Its name was taken from an Arab village called " Yajur" nearby. There is a site with a similar name ( Jagur) mentioned in the Book of Joshua 15:21, though it was located in territory belonging to the Tribe of Judah, far to the south. At first, the members worked drying up the swamps surrounding the Kishon River and preparing the land for permanent settlement. They established various agricultural divisions and the kibbutz began to grow. On 11 April 1931 three members of the kibbutz were killed by members of a cell of the Black Hand. During the Mandate era, Yagur was an important center for the H ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yitzhak Tabenkin
Yitzhak Tabenkin ( he, יצחק טבנקין, 8 January 1888 – 6 June 1971) was a Zionist activist and Israeli politician. He was one of the founders of the kibbutz Movement. Biography Yitzchak Tabenkin was born in Babruysk in the Russian Empire (now Belarus) in 1888. He attended a cheder in Warsaw and later continued with a secular education. He was among the founders of Poale Zion in Poland. He cited Karl Marx and Haim Nahman Bialik as influences.Gorenberg (2007), p. 15 In 1912, he immigrated to Ottoman Palestine, where he worked as an agricultural laborer in Merhavia and Kfar Uria. During the First World War, he worked on the Kinneret Farm. He was a delegate to every Zionist Congress after the war. He joined the defense organization HaShomer. He was a member of the "Non-Party" workers group and was active in agricultural laborers organizations in what would later be called the West Bank. In 1921 he joined Joseph Trumpeldor's Work Battalion ( Gdud HaAvoda) and became one ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1922 Census Of Palestine
The 1922 census of Palestine was the first census carried out by the authorities of the British Mandate of Palestine, on 23 October 1922. The reported population was 757,182, including the military and persons of foreign nationality. The division into religious groups was 590,890 Muslims, 83,794 Jews, 73,024 Christians, 7,028 Druze, 408 Sikhs, 265 Baháʼís, 156 Metawalis, and 163 Samaritans. Operation Censuses carried out by the Ottoman Empire, most recently in 1914, had been for the purpose of imposing taxation or locating men for military service. For this reason, the announcement of a census was unpopular and effort was made in advance to reassure the population.Barron, pp. 1–4. This was believed to be successful except in the case of the Bedouins of the Beersheva Subdistrict, who refused to cooperate. Many census gatherers, supervised by 296 Revising Operators and Enumerators, visited each dwelling, with special arrangements made for persons having no fixed address. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Malaria
Malaria is a mosquito-borne infectious disease that affects humans and other animals. Malaria causes symptoms that typically include fever, tiredness, vomiting, and headaches. In severe cases, it can cause jaundice, seizures, coma, or death. Symptoms usually begin ten to fifteen days after being bitten by an infected mosquito. If not properly treated, people may have recurrences of the disease months later. In those who have recently survived an infection, reinfection usually causes milder symptoms. This partial resistance disappears over months to years if the person has no continuing exposure to malaria. Malaria is caused by single-celled microorganisms of the ''Plasmodium'' group. It is spread exclusively through bites of infected ''Anopheles'' mosquitoes. The mosquito bite introduces the parasites from the mosquito's saliva into a person's blood. The parasites travel to the liver where they mature and reproduce. Five species of ''Plasmodium'' can infect and be spread by h ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nuris
Nuris ( ar, نورِِِس) was a Palestinian Arab village in the District of Jenin. In 1945, Nuris had 570 inhabitants. It was depopulated during the 1948 War on 29 May 1948 under Operation Gideon.Morris, 2004, p.346/ref> The Israeli moshav of Nurit was built on Nuris' village land in 1950. Location Nuris was located in the Jezreel Valley, northeast of Jenin and southwest of the Jezreel Valley railway. It was linked by dirt roads to the villages of Zir'in and Al-Mazar. There were several springs north of Nuris, most importantly the 'Ain Jalut, one of the largest in Palestine.Khalidi, 1992, p. 338 History Remains from the Bronze Age have been found here, as has pottery from the Byzantine era. Nuris was referred to by the Crusaders as "Nurith." Nearby, the Mamluks defeated the Mongols in the Battle of Ain Jalut (1260). Ottoman era In 1517, the village was included in the Ottoman Empire with the rest of Palestine, and in the 1596 tax-records it appeared part of the ''nahi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Palestine Land Development Company
Israel Land Development Company (ILDC) ( he, הכשרת הישוב, Hachsharat HaYishuv) is one of Israel's largest conglomerates, with fields including real estate, construction, energy and hotels. It was acquired in 1987 by Yaakov Nimrodi. History ILDC was founded in 1909 by the Zionist Federation as the Palestine Land Development Company, or Palestine Land Development Corporation. It was a program of the practicalist movement in early Zionism, particularly in the decade before the start of World War I. The PLDC worked to purchasing land, to train Jews in agricultural pursuits, and to establish Jewish agricultural settlements in Palestine. By the outbreak of World War I it had purchased about 50,000 dunam (about 4600 hectares) of land. It was attempting to purchase nearly 3 times that amount in the Jezreel Valley, however the outbreak of the war prevented it from making such a purchase. It became an Israeli public company in 1953. Yaakov Nimrodi Yaakov Nimrodi ( he, יעקב ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shlomo Lavi
Shlomo Lavi ( he, שלמה לביא, born Shlomo Levkovich in 1882, died 23 July 1963) was a Zionist activist and politician. Early life Born in Plonsk in the Russian Empire (today in Poland), Lavi received a religious education. While growing up in Plonsk, Shlomo Lavi and David Grün (the future founding father of Israel, David Ben-Gurion) were both members of the Ezra youth movement and together taught Bible lessons and Hebrew to poor and orphaned children. Zionist activity In 1905 he made aliyah to Ottoman Palestine as part of the second Zionist wave of immigration. In the same year he attended the founding convention of Hapoel Hatzair. Lavi worked as an agricultural laborer in Petach-Tikva, in an olive oil factory in Haifa, then at the recommendation of Arthur Ruppin as farm manager in Hulda, and together with David Ben-Gurion at Sejera. Lavi was involved in the establishment of the Jewish defence organisation Hashomer (1909-1920), which he joined as a watchman in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
