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Edo Period Police
In feudal Japan, individual military and citizens groups were primarily responsible for self-defense until the unification of Japan by Tokugawa Ieyasu in 1603. During the Edo period (1603–1868), the Tokugawa shogunate formed a centralized feudal government. Samurai warriors who once protected Japan from foreign enemies and fought each other for supremacy became the new police and internal security force. Their new job would be to ensure civil peace, which they accomplished for over 250 years. History During the Edo period the authoritarian Tokugawa shogunate instituted an elaborate police/security state, an administrative hierarchy was developed, and rules and regulations controlling many aspects of life in Japan went into effect. This new system of government has been called a police state, possibly the world's first. In 1868 the samurai era ended with the overthrow of the Tokugawa shogunate and a new government came into power (Meiji government) and the samurai class was even ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tsukubō
The (push pole) was a pole weapon used by the samurai class and their retainers in feudal Japan. History and description In Edo period Japan the samurai were in charge of police operations, various levels of samurai police with help from non-samurai commoners used many types of non lethal weapons in order to capture suspected criminals for trial. Historically the tsukubō was used as a type of man catcher, usually around 2 meters in length, with a T-shaped head. The head of the tsukubō would have various metal spikes and barbs. The pole was hardwood with sharp metal barbs or spines attached to metal strips on one end to keep the person being captured from grabbing the pole. The opposite end of the pole would have a metal cap, or ''ishizuki'' like those found on naginata and other pole weapons. The tsukubō was one component of the '' torimono sandōgu'' (three implements of arresting), along with the '' sodegarami'' (sleeve entangler) and the ''sasumata'' (spear fork) used by ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Torimono Sandōgu
The ''torimono sandōgu'' (also ''torimono hogu'' or ''mitsu dogu'') were known as the ''three tools of arresting''. The torimono sandōgu were three types of pole weapons used by the samurai class and their retainers in feudal Japan during the Edo period. History In Edo period The or is the period between 1603 and 1867 in the history of Japan, when Japan was under the rule of the Tokugawa shogunate and the country's 300 regional '' daimyo''. Emerging from the chaos of the Sengoku period, the Edo period was characteriz ... Japan the samurai were in charge of police operations; various levels of samurai police with help from non-samurai commoners used many types of non lethal weapons in order to capture suspected criminals for trial. The torimono sandōgu was part of the six tools of the police station (''bansho rokugin'' or ''keigo roku-go''), these were the ''kanamuchi'', ''kiriko no bo, tetto, sodegarami, tsukubo'', and the ''sasumata''. Samurai police were required to have ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Shinsengumi
The was a special police force organized by the (military government) during Japan's Bakumatsu period (late Tokugawa shogunate) in 1863. It was active until 1869. It was founded to protect the shogunate representatives in Kyoto at a time when a controversial imperial edict to exclude foreign trade from Japan had been made and the Chōshū clan had been forced from the imperial court. They gained considerable fame in the Ikedaya incident and the August 18 coup events etc. The men were drawn from the sword schools of Edo. History Japan's forced opening to the west in 1854, which required it to open its shores for trade or face military conflict, exacerbated internal political instability. One long-standing line of political opinion was (meaning, "revere the emperor, expel the barbarians"). Loyalists (particularly in Chōshū Domain) in Kyoto began to rebel. In response, the Tokugawa shogunate formed the on October 19, 1862. The was a squad of 234 (samurai without mas ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Law Enforcement In Japan
Law enforcement in Japan is provided mainly by the prefectural police departments under the oversight of the National Police Agency. The National Police Agency is administered by the National Public Safety Commission, thus ensuring that Japan's police are an apolitical body and free of direct central government executive control. They are checked by an independent judiciary and monitored by a free and active press. There are two types of law enforcement officials in Japan, depending on the underlying provision: Police officers of Prefectural Police Departments (prescribed as under Article 189 of the ), and , dealing with specialized fields with high expertise. History The Japanese government established a European-style civil police system in 1874, under the centralized control of the Police Bureau within the Home Ministry, to put down internal disturbances and maintain order during the Meiji Restoration. By the 1880s, the police had developed into a nationwide instrument of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Criminal Punishment In Edo-period Japan
During the Edo period, Japan (1603-1868) used various punishments against criminals. Categories of punishment During the Edo period, Japan used various punishments against criminals. These can be categorized as follows: * Capital punishment * Prison and Exile * Penal labor * Confiscation of property * Corporal punishment Death penalty Serious crimes such as murder and arson were punished by death. The Tokugawa shogunate maintained execution grounds for Edo at Kozukappara, Suzugamori, and Itabashi. Kozukappara, also known as Kotsukappara or Kozukahara, is currently located near the southwest exit of Tokyo's Minami-Senju Station. It is estimated that between 100,000 and 200,000 people were executed here. Only part of the site remains, located next to Emmeiji temple, partly buried under the rail tracks and under a more-recent burial ground. Archaeological and morphological research was done by Tokyo University on the skulls found buried here which confirmed the execution m ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sodegarami
The is a pole weapon that was used by the samurai class and their retainers in feudal Japan. History and description The ''sodegarami'' is a type of man catcher. It is around in length, with multiple barbed heads facing forwards and backwards. The pole is sturdy hardwood with sharp metal barbs or spines attached to metal strips on one end to keep the person being captured from grabbing the pole. The opposite end of the pole has a metal cap or ''ishizuki'', like those found on ''naginata'' and other pole weapons. The ''sodegarami'', ''tsukubō'' (push pole), and ''sasumata'' (spear fork) comprise the ''torimono sandōgu'' (three implements of arresting) used by samurai police to capture suspected criminals uninjured. The ''sodegarami'' was used to entangle the sleeves and clothing of an individual who could then be more easily disarmed or dealt with. The ''sodegarami'' evolved from the ''yagaramogara'', which was a long pole implement employed by naval forces. That instrument ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sasumata
The is a pole weapon used by the samurai class and their retainers in feudal Japan. Description and use Although some sources place the origin of the sasumata in the Muromachi period, most sources discuss its use in the Edo period. In Edo period Japan the samurai were in charge of police operations. The ''sasumata'' (spear fork) together with the ''tsukubō'' (push pole) and the '' sodegarami'' (sleeve entangler) comprised the '' torimono sandōgu'' (three tools/implements of arresting) used by samurai police and security forces. Samurai police in the Edo period used the sasumata along with the sodegarami and tsukubō to restrain and arrest suspected criminals uninjured. The head of the sasumata would be used to catch around the neck, arms, legs, or joints of a suspect and detain them until officers could close in and apprehend them (using ''hojōjutsu''). The sasumata had a long hardwood pole usually around two meters in length with sharp barbs or spines attached to metal st ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kusari-fundo
''Kusari-fundo'' ( 鎖分銅) is a handheld weapon used in feudal Japan consisting of a length of chain (''kusari'') with a weight (''fundo'') attached to each end of the chain. Various sizes and shapes of chain and weight were used as there was no set rule on the construction of these weapons. Other popular names are ''manrikigusari'' (萬力鏈) ("ten thousand power chain")Ratti, Oscar; Westbrook, Adele. ''Secrets of the samurai: a survey of the martial arts of feudal Japan'', Tuttle Publishing, 199p. 317/ref> or just ''manriki''.Mol, Serge. ''Classical weaponry of Japan: special weapons and tactics of the martial arts'' Kodansha International, 200pp. 125-136/ref> Parts The chain (kusari) Typically the length of the forged chain could vary from around 12 inches (30 cm) up to 48 inches (120 cm). The chain links could have many different shapes including round, elliptical, and egg-shaped. The thickness of the chain also varied. Usually the first link of chain attached ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yari
is the term for a traditionally-made Japanese blade (日本刀; nihontō) in the form of a spear, or more specifically, the straight-headed spear. The martial art of wielding the is called . History The forerunner of the is thought to be a derived from a Chinese spear. These are thought to be from the Nara period (710–794). The term appeared for the first time in written sources in 1334, but this type of spear did not become popular until the late 15th century. The original warfare of the was not a thing for commoners; it was a ritualized combat usually between two warriors who would challenge each other via horseback archery. In the late Heian period, battles on foot began to increase and , a polearm, became a main weapon along with a ''yumi'' (longbow).Basic kno ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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