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Edgard Milhaud
Edgard Milhaud (14 April 1873 – 4 September 1964) was a French professor of economics, a militant socialist, and a promoter and theoretician of social economy. Life Isaac Edgard Milhaud was born on 14 April 1873 in Nîmes, Gard, France. His parents were Jassuda Léon Milhaud (1839–1901) and Marie Victoire dite Sarah Cerf (1850–1901). From 1892 to 1896, he studied in Pars at the Sorbonne, Collège de France and Faculté de Droit, studying philosophy, sociology, and political economy. He received his '' agrégation'' in philosophy in 1895. He studied in Germany in 1896–99, inquiring into the workers' movement the basis for his book ''La démocratie socialiste allemande'' (1902). He was an economist and a militant socialist. From 1899 to 1902, Milhaud was an economic adviser in the office in the Minister of Commerce and Industry. He married Berthe Louise Marquinot (1880–1978) on 14 April 1901. Their children were Maurice Edgard, born in 1899, and Germaine Sarah, born i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nîmes
Nîmes ( , ; oc, Nimes ; Latin: ''Nemausus'') is the prefecture of the Gard department in the Occitanie region of Southern France. Located between the Mediterranean Sea and Cévennes, the commune of Nîmes has an estimated population of 148,561 (2019). Dubbed the most Roman city outside Italy, Nîmes has a rich history dating back to the Roman Empire when the city had a population of 50,000–60,000 and was the regional capital. Several famous monuments are in Nîmes, such as the Arena of Nîmes and the Maison Carrée. Because of this, Nîmes is often referred to as the " French Rome". Origins Nimes is situated where the alluvial plain of the Vistrenque River abuts the hills of Mont Duplan to the northeast, Montaury to the southwest, and to the west Mt. Cavalier and the knoll of Canteduc. Its name appears in inscriptions in Gaulish as ''dede matrebo Namausikabo'' ("he has given to the mothers of Nîmes") and "''toutios Namausatis''" ("citizen of Nîmes"). Nemausus was the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
League Of Nations
The League of Nations (french: link=no, Société des Nations ) was the first worldwide intergovernmental organisation whose principal mission was to maintain world peace. It was founded on 10 January 1920 by the Paris Peace Conference that ended the First World War. The main organization ceased operations on 20 April 1946 but many of its components were relocated into the new United Nations. The League's primary goals were stated in its Covenant. They included preventing wars through collective security and disarmament and settling international disputes through negotiation and arbitration. Its other concerns included labour conditions, just treatment of native inhabitants, human and drug trafficking, the arms trade, global health, prisoners of war, and protection of minorities in Europe. The Covenant of the League of Nations was signed on 28 June 1919 as Part I of the Treaty of Versailles, and it became effective together with the rest of the Treaty on 10 January 1920. T ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1873 Births
Events January–March * January 1 ** Japan adopts the Gregorian calendar. ** The California Penal Code goes into effect. * January 17 – American Indian Wars: Modoc War: First Battle of the Stronghold – Modoc Indians defeat the United States Army. * February 11 – The Spanish Cortes deposes King Amadeus I, and proclaims the First Spanish Republic. * February 12 ** Emilio Castelar, the former foreign minister, becomes prime minister of the new Spanish Republic. ** The Coinage Act of 1873 in the United States is signed into law by President Ulysses S. Grant; coming into effect on April 1, it ends bimetallism in the U.S., and places the country on the gold standard. * February 20 ** The University of California opens its first medical school in San Francisco. ** British naval officer John Moresby discovers the site of Port Moresby, and claims the land for Britain. * March 3 – Censorship: The United States Congress enacts the Comstock Law, making it ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Presses Universitaires De France
Presses universitaires de France (PUF, English: ''University Press of France''), founded in 1921 by Paul Angoulvent (1899–1976), is the largest French university publishing house. Recent company history The financial and legal structure of the Presses Universitaires de France were completely restructured in 2000 and the original cooperative structure was abandoned. Companies that took stakes in PUF included Flammarion Publishing (17% in 2000, 18% currently) and insurer Maaf Assurances (9%, 8% currently). In 2006, another insurance giant Garantie Mutuelle des Fonctionnaires (GMF) injected capital into the PUF, taking a 16,4% stake in the publisher. A similar tendency toward the constitution of an oligopoly has been observed by French newspapers, with titles like ''Le Monde'', ''Libération'' or even ''L'Humanité'' accepting to turn themselves toward private financing. Que sais-je? Almost all French students know the collection ''Que sais-je? "Que sais-je?" (QSJ) (; ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
René Viviani
Jean Raphaël Adrien René Viviani (; 8 November 18637 September 1925) was a French politician of the Third Republic, who served as Prime Minister for the first year of World War I. He was born in Sidi Bel Abbès, in French Algeria. In France he sought to protect the rights of socialists and trade union workers. Biography René Viviani was born in Algeria in a family of Italian immigrants. His parliamentary career began in 1893, when he was elected deputy of the fifth ward in Paris. He retained this office until 1902, when he failed to be reelected, but four years later he was elected deputy of the Department of Creuse. In the same year he entered the cabinet of Georges Clemenceau. At an early age he associated himself with the Socialist party, soon becoming one of its most brilliant orators and prominent leaders. When the party was reorganized in 1904 into the Unified Socialist party, Viviani, like fellow Socialist Aristide Briand, stayed outside, and thenceforth called ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Aristide Briand
Aristide Pierre Henri Briand (; 28 March 18627 March 1932) was a French statesman who served eleven terms as Prime Minister of France during the French Third Republic. He is mainly remembered for his focus on international issues and reconciliation politics during the interwar period (19181939). In 1926, he received the Nobel Peace Prize along with German Foreign Minister Gustav Stresemann for the realization of the Locarno Treaties, which aimed at reconciliation between France and Germany after the First World War. To avoid another worldwide conflict, he was instrumental in the agreement known as the Kellogg–Briand Pact of 1928, as well to establish a "European Union" in 1929. However, all his efforts were compromised by the rise of nationalistic and revanchist ideas like Nazism and Fascism following the Great Depression. Early life He was born in Nantes, Loire-Inférieure (now Loire-Atlantique) of a '' petit bourgeois'' family. He attended the Nantes Lycée, where, in 187 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jean Jaurès
Auguste Marie Joseph Jean Léon Jaurès (3 September 185931 July 1914), commonly referred to as Jean Jaurès (; oc, Joan Jaurés ), was a French Socialist leader. Initially a Moderate Republican, he later became one of the first social democrats and (in 1902) the leader of the French Socialist Party, which opposed Jules Guesde's revolutionary Socialist Party of France. The two parties merged in 1905 in the French Section of the Workers' International (SFIO). An antimilitarist, Jaurès was assassinated in 1914 at the outbreak of World War I, but remains one of the main historical figures of the French Left. As a heterodox Marxist, Jaurès rejected the concept of the dictatorship of the proletariat and tried to conciliate idealism and materialism, individualism and collectivism, democracy and class struggle, patriotism and internationalism. Early career The son of an unsuccessful businessman and farmer, Jean Jaurès was born in Castres, Tarn, into a modest French pr ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Paul Lambert (cooperator)
Paul Lambert (21 February 1912 – 17 September 1977) was a Belgian cooperator and professor of economics at the University of Liège. Lambert gained a Doctorate in Law from the University of Liège in 1935. When Belgium was invaded in 1940 by Nazi Germany Nazi Germany (lit. "National Socialist State"), ' (lit. "Nazi State") for short; also ' (lit. "National Socialist Germany") (officially known as the German Reich from 1933 until 1943, and the Greater German Reich from 1943 to 1945) was ... Lambert was conscripted and subsequently spent five years as a prisoner of war, which he recounted in his 1946 book ''Hommes perdus à l’Est'' ("''Men Lost in the East''"). He returned to academia after the war, later becoming Chair of Political Economy at the Law Faculty of the University of Liège. In the 1950s Lambert was elected to the board of the Belgian Federation of Socialist Consumer Cooperatives (FEBECOOP) before becoming President of the federation. In 1957 Lamb ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Nobel Peace Prize
The Nobel Peace Prize is one of the five Nobel Prizes established by the will of Swedish industrialist, inventor and armaments (military weapons and equipment) manufacturer Alfred Nobel, along with the prizes in Nobel Prize in Chemistry, Chemistry, Nobel Prize in Physics, Physics, Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, Physiology or Medicine and Nobel Prize in Literature, Literature. Since March 1901, it has been awarded annually (with some exceptions) to those who have "done the most or the best work for fraternity between nations, for the abolition or reduction of standing armies and for the holding and promotion of peace congresses". In accordance with Alfred Nobel's will, the recipient is selected by the Norwegian Nobel Committee, a five-member committee appointed by the Parliament of Norway. Since 2020 the prize is awarded in the University of Oslo Faculty of Law, Atrium of the University of Oslo, where it was also awarded 1947–1989; the Abel Prize is also awarded in the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Adrien Tixier
Adrien Tixier (31 January 1893 in Folles ( Haute-Vienne) – 18 February 1946 in Paris) was a French politician and diplomat who was the Free French ambassador to the United States. Career He was the son of Pierre-Edouard Tixier, a blacksmith, and Marie-Françoise Derosier. Destined for a career in education, he studied at the ''école normale'' (teachers' college) at Châteauroux and became a teacher of technical subjects. In August 1914, he was enlisted as a reserve officer and served in the First World War. Shortly after being called up, he was wounded in the Ardennes and underwent the amputation of his left arm. He returned to his teaching career in August 1915 and became a senior teacher at the École supérieure professionnelle in the town of Albi. Active in the Socialist Party, he met Albert Thomas and held from 1920 various offices within the International Labour Office in Geneva, including that of CEO in 1936. On 20 June 1940, with Professor Edgard Milhaud, and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Robert Pinot
Robert Pinot (28 January 1862 – 24 February 1926) was a French sociologist from the conservative Le Playist school who became a highly effective lobbyist for heavy industry owners. He was the long-term secretary-general of the Comité des forges, an association of iron and steel manufacturers that was influential in setting industrial policy, particularly during World War I (1914–18). Early years Robert Pinot was born on 28 January 1862 in Boissy-Saint-Léger. He was admitted to the École des Mines in Paris in 1883, but left to join the Ministry of Finance. In 1885, three years after the death of Frédéric le Play, Henri de Tourville and Edmond Demolins founded a new journal, ''Science sociale''. They brought with them a few adherents including Paul de Rousiers and Robert Pinot. Pinot studied at the École des Sciences politiques, and taught at this school from 1893 to 1899. Pinot agreed with Le Play's corporatist-paternalist views, and believed in the progressive characte ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Barcelona
Barcelona ( , , ) is a city on the coast of northeastern Spain. It is the capital and largest city of the autonomous community of Catalonia, as well as the second most populous municipality of Spain. With a population of 1.6 million within city limits,Barcelona: Población por municipios y sexo – Instituto Nacional de Estadística. (National Statistics Institute) its urban area extends to numerous neighbouring municipalities within the and is home to around 4.8 million people, making it the [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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