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Edaphosaurids
Edaphosauridae is a family of mostly large (up to 3 meters or more) Late Carboniferous to Early Permian synapsids. Edaphosaur fossils are so far known only from North America and Europe. Characteristics They were the earliest known herbivore, herbivorous amniotes and, along with the Diadectidae, the earliest known herbivorous tetrapods. The head is small in relation to the bulky body, and there is a tall sail along the back, which may have functioned as a thermoregulation, thermoregulatory device. Classification The interrelationships of Edaphosauridae was investigated in details by David M. Mazierski and Robert R. Reisz (2010). The cladogram below is modified after their phylogenetic analysis. Below is a cladogram modified from the analysis of Benson (in press): References * Robert L. Carroll, Carroll, R. L. (1988), ''Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution'', WH Freeman & Co. * Robert R. Reisz, Reisz, R. R., 1986, ''Handbuch der Paläoherpetologie – Encyclopedia of Pa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ianthasaurus Hardestiorum
''Ianthasaurus'' is an extinct genus of small edaphosaurids from the Late Carboniferous. Description It is one of the smallest edaphosaurids known, with an skull and a total body length of . ''Ianthasaurus'' lacks many of the spectacular specializations seen in ''Edaphosaurus''. For example, the marginal dentition of ''Ianthasaurus'' is similar to that of insectivorous reptiles, with slender conical teeth which are slightly recurved at the tips, and there is a slight development of a caniniform region. The palatal and mandibular dentition is unspecialized, and there are no batteries of teeth for crushing of plant materials. Also unlike ''Edaphosaurus'', ''Ianthasaurus'' was lightly built and was probably quite agile. The skull was similar to that of ''Haptodus'', a sphenacodontid, though they were distantly related. Discovery It was named by Robert R. Reisz and David Berman in 1986. It was discovered by them in the Upper Pennsylvanian Rock Lake Shale near Garnett, Kansas. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Edaphosaurus Cruciger
''Edaphosaurus'' (, meaning "pavement lizard" for dense clusters of teeth) is a genus of extinct edaphosaurid synapsids that lived in what is now North America and Europe around 303.4 to 272.5 million years ago, during the Late Carboniferous to Early Permian. American paleontologist Edward Drinker Cope first described ''Edaphosaurus'' in 1882, naming it for the "dental pavement" on both the upper and lower jaws, from the Greek ' ("ground"; also "pavement") and (') ("lizard"). ''Edaphosaurus'' is important as one of the earliest-known, large, plant-eating (herbivorous), amniote tetrapods (four-legged land-living vertebrates). In addition to the large tooth plates in its jaws, the most characteristic feature of ''Edaphosaurus'' is a sail on its back. A number of other synapsids from the same time period also have tall dorsal sails, most famously the large apex predator ''Dimetrodon''. However, the sail on ''Edaphosaurus'' is different in shape and morphology. The first fossils o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Glaucosaurus Megalops
''Glaucosaurus'' is an extinct genus of small edaphosaurids from the Early Permian. The type species, ''G. megalops'', was named in 1915.S. W. Williston. 1915. New genera of Permian reptiles. ''The American Journal of Science'', series 4 39(233):575-579 Classification ''Glaucosaurus'' is known only from its holotype, a partial skull and jaw. Almost all of the sutures have been obliterated. Nevertheless, there is broad agreement that ''Glaucosaurus'' is not only an edaphosaurid, but a close relative of ''Edaphosaurus'' itself. All of the known sphenacodonts are carnivores except for certain therapsids. ''Glaucosaurus'' is plainly not a therapsid, e.g. because the lacrimal reaches the naris, the septomaxilla is large, there are no incisors, etc. And it is just as plainly not a carnivore, since it lacks cutting edges on the teeth or canine-like teeth. So, it is very likely to be an edaphosaur. Assuming that this is the case, it is very close to ''Edaphosaurus'', because only ''Gla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lupeosaurus Kayi
''Lupeosaurus'' is an extinct genus of pelycosaurian synapsids, assigned to the family Edaphosauridae. ''Lupeosaurus'' was about long and weighed around . See also * List of pelycosaurs This list of pelycosaurs is an attempt to create a comprehensive listing of all genera that have ever been included in the synapsida excluding therapsida and purely vernacular terms. The list includes all commonly accepted genera, but also genera t ... References Edaphosaurids Prehistoric synapsid genera Cisuralian synapsids of North America Taxa named by Alfred Romer Fossil taxa described in 1937 Cisuralian genus first appearances Cisuralian genus extinctions {{paleo-Synapsid-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Edaphosaurus Novomexicanus
''Edaphosaurus'' (, meaning "pavement lizard" for dense clusters of teeth) is a genus of extinct edaphosaurid synapsids that lived in what is now North America and Europe around 303.4 to 272.5 million years ago, during the Late Carboniferous to Early Permian. American paleontologist Edward Drinker Cope first described ''Edaphosaurus'' in 1882, naming it for the "dental pavement" on both the upper and lower jaws, from the Greek ' ("ground"; also "pavement") and (') ("lizard"). ''Edaphosaurus'' is important as one of the earliest-known, large, plant-eating (herbivorous), amniote tetrapods (four-legged land-living vertebrates). In addition to the large tooth plates in its jaws, the most characteristic feature of ''Edaphosaurus'' is a sail on its back. A number of other synapsids from the same time period also have tall dorsal sails, most famously the large apex predator '' Dimetrodon''. However, the sail on ''Edaphosaurus'' is different in shape and morphology. The first fos ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Edaphosaurus Colohistion
''Edaphosaurus'' (, meaning "pavement lizard" for dense clusters of teeth) is a genus of extinct edaphosaurid synapsids that lived in what is now North America and Europe around 303.4 to 272.5 million years ago, during the Late Carboniferous to Early Permian. American paleontologist Edward Drinker Cope first described ''Edaphosaurus'' in 1882, naming it for the "dental pavement" on both the upper and lower jaws, from the Greek ' ("ground"; also "pavement") and (') ("lizard"). ''Edaphosaurus'' is important as one of the earliest-known, large, plant-eating (herbivorous), amniote tetrapods (four-legged land-living vertebrates). In addition to the large tooth plates in its jaws, the most characteristic feature of ''Edaphosaurus'' is a sail on its back. A number of other synapsids from the same time period also have tall dorsal sails, most famously the large apex predator ''Dimetrodon''. However, the sail on ''Edaphosaurus'' is different in shape and morphology. The first fossils o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Edaphosaurus Boanerges
''Edaphosaurus'' (, meaning "pavement lizard" for dense clusters of teeth) is a genus of extinct edaphosaurid synapsids that lived in what is now North America and Europe around 303.4 to 272.5 million years ago, during the Late Carboniferous to Early Permian. American paleontologist Edward Drinker Cope first described ''Edaphosaurus'' in 1882, naming it for the "dental pavement" on both the upper and lower jaws, from the Greek ' ("ground"; also "pavement") and (') ("lizard"). ''Edaphosaurus'' is important as one of the earliest-known, large, plant-eating (herbivorous), amniote tetrapods (four-legged land-living vertebrates). In addition to the large tooth plates in its jaws, the most characteristic feature of ''Edaphosaurus'' is a sail on its back. A number of other synapsids from the same time period also have tall dorsal sails, most famously the large apex predator ''Dimetrodon''. However, the sail on ''Edaphosaurus'' is different in shape and morphology. The first fossils o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xyrospondylus
''Xyrospondylus'' is an extinct genus of non-mammalian synapsids belonging to the Edaphosauridae. The type species, ''X. ecordi'', was named in 1982; it was originally named as a species of '' Edaphosaurus'' in 1957. It lived during the Pennsylvanian ( Missourian) in Kansas and possibly also ColoradoR. L. Carroll. 1988. Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution 1-698 . Behrensmeyer/A. Behrensmeyer/M. Uhen and the holotype is known from a single cervical vertebra found in the Stanton Formation. A second specimen, consisting of a fragmentary pelvis, is also known. A third specimen, known from Colorado, is known, but it probably does not pertain to ''Xyrospondylus''. See also * List of pelycosaurs This list of pelycosaurs is an attempt to create a comprehensive listing of all genera that have ever been included in the synapsida excluding therapsida and purely vernacular terms. The list includes all commonly accepted genera, but also genera t ... * List of therapsids Referenc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Remigiomontanus
''Remigiomontanus'' is an extinct genus of non-mammalian synapsids belonging to the Edaphosauridae Edaphosauridae is a family of mostly large (up to 3 meters or more) Late Carboniferous to Early Permian synapsids. Edaphosaur fossils are so far known only from North America and Europe. Characteristics They were the earliest known herbivorous a .... The type species is ''R. robustus''. References {{Basal synapsids, H. Edaphosaurids ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lupeosaurus
''Lupeosaurus'' is an extinct genus of pelycosaurian synapsids, assigned to the family Edaphosauridae. ''Lupeosaurus'' was about long and weighed around . See also * List of pelycosaurs This list of pelycosaurs is an attempt to create a comprehensive listing of all genera that have ever been included in the synapsida excluding therapsida and purely vernacular terms. The list includes all commonly accepted genera, but also genera t ... References Edaphosaurids Prehistoric synapsid genera Cisuralian synapsids of North America Taxa named by Alfred Romer Fossil taxa described in 1937 Cisuralian genus first appearances Cisuralian genus extinctions {{paleo-Synapsid-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ianthasaurus
''Ianthasaurus'' is an extinct genus of small edaphosaurids from the Late Carboniferous. Description It is one of the smallest edaphosaurids known, with an skull and a total body length of . ''Ianthasaurus'' lacks many of the spectacular specializations seen in '' Edaphosaurus''. For example, the marginal dentition of ''Ianthasaurus'' is similar to that of insectivorous reptiles, with slender conical teeth which are slightly recurved at the tips, and there is a slight development of a caniniform region. The palatal and mandibular dentition is unspecialized, and there are no batteries of teeth for crushing of plant materials. Also unlike '' Edaphosaurus'', ''Ianthasaurus'' was lightly built and was probably quite agile. The skull was similar to that of '' Haptodus'', a sphenacodontid, though they were distantly related. Discovery It was named by Robert R. Reisz and David Berman in 1986. It was discovered by them in the Upper Pennsylvanian Rock Lake Shale near Garnett, Kansas. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Glaucosaurus
''Glaucosaurus'' is an extinct genus of small edaphosaurids from the Early Permian. The type species, ''G. megalops'', was named in 1915.S. W. Williston. 1915. New genera of Permian reptiles. ''The American Journal of Science'', series 4 39(233):575-579 Classification ''Glaucosaurus'' is known only from its holotype, a partial skull and jaw. Almost all of the sutures have been obliterated. Nevertheless, there is broad agreement that ''Glaucosaurus'' is not only an edaphosaurid, but a close relative of ''Edaphosaurus'' itself. All of the known sphenacodonts are carnivores except for certain therapsids. ''Glaucosaurus'' is plainly not a therapsid, e.g. because the lacrimal reaches the naris, the septomaxilla is large, there are no incisors, etc. And it is just as plainly not a carnivore, since it lacks cutting edges on the teeth or canine-like teeth. So, it is very likely to be an edaphosaur. Assuming that this is the case, it is very close to ''Edaphosaurus'', because only ''Gla ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
