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ELCIN
The Evangelical Lutheran Church in Namibia (ELCIN) is a Lutheran denomination based in Namibia. It has a total membership of over 772,398, mainly in Northern Namibia. Formerly known as the Evangelical Lutheran Ovambo-Kavango Church (ELOC), it played a significant role in opposition to Apartheid in Namibia and was part of the Namibian independence struggle.Evangelical Lutheran Church in Namibia
World Council of Churches, January 2006
Other Lutheran churches in Namibia are the southern based an ...
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Apollos Kaulinge
Apollos Mhani Nghilifa Kaulinge (b. 2 February 1934 Ondivandobe, Ondobe, Oukwanyama, Namibia) is a bishop emeritus of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Namibia. Kaulinge is the son of Vilho Mwadikange yaKaulinge and Marta gaNdeutapo. He went to school in Ondobe during 1940–50, in Engela boys’ school during 1951–52 and in Oniipa during 1953–54 and in Ongwediva in 1955, and in Ongwediva and Oshigambo high schools during 1958–59. Kaulinge studied theology in the Elim seminary during 1960–62 and in the Lutheran Theological College in Mapumulo, Natal, South Africa South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa (RSA), is the southernmost country in Africa. It is bounded to the south by of coastline that stretch along the South Atlantic and Indian Oceans; to the north by the neighbouring countri ..., during 1963–65, where he earned a degree in 1965. He was ordained a pastor in Elim in 1962. Kaulinge was consecrated a Bishop of Eastern Diocese of the Evan ...
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Josafat Shanghala
Josafat Shanghala (Kashindi) (b. 8 June 1944 Nakayale, Outapi, Ombalantu, Namibia) is a bishop emeritus of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Namibia. Biography Shanghala is the son of Vendelinus Kautondokwa kaShanghala ShIipinge and Helvi yaSakeus yIiHuhwa. Pastor Sakeus Iihuhua was Shanghala’s maternal grandfather. Shanghala went to school in Nakayale during 1952–59 and in 1961, in Ongwediva during 1962–65 and in the Ongandjera Secondary School in 1976, completing Standard 10. He studied theology in the Paulinum Theological Seminary, Otjimbingwe during 1970–73, and in Welgrspreit, Johannesburg, South Africa during 1972–73, where he earned a Diploma in Urban and Industrial Mission. During 1982–85 he studied in the Trinity Lutheran Seminary in Columbus, Ohio, earning a master’s degree in theology. Shanghala taught school in Oniipa in 1960, in Nakayale during 1966–67. He worked in the Owambo Radio in Oshakati in 1970. Later he worked in Onesi during 1971– ...
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Tomas Shivute
Tomas Iimbondi Shivute (b. 15 April 1942 Onayena, Ondonga, Namibia) is a bishop emeritus of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Namibia. Shivute is the son of Sakaria Nehoya lyaShivute shaNdjongolo and Rauha Namunyela gweEgumbo. He went to school in Oniinhwa during 1950–54, in Onayena during 1955–57, in Oniipa during 1958–59, and in the Ongwediva secondary school during 1960–63. Shivute studied theology in the Paulinum Theological Seminary in Otjimbingwe, Namibia, during 1965–68. He was ordained a pastor in 1968 in Nakayale. He pursued further studies in the University of Helsinki, Finland, during 1970–80, earning the degrees of Candidate of Theology, Master of Theology and Doctor of Theology, returning to Namibia after completing the last mentioned degree. Shivute was consecrated the Bishop of the Western Diocese of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Namibia (ELCIN) in 2000 at Ongwediva by Presiding Bishop Apollos Kaulinge of Evangelical Lutheran Church in Namib ...
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Shekutaamba Nambala
Shekutaamba Väinö yaVäinö Nambala (born 5 August 1952, Onewawa, Onyaanya, Ondonga, Namibia) is a Namibian bishop, currently holding the title of bishop emeritus of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Namibia. He was formerly the Presiding Bishop of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Namibia and consecrated Bishop of the Western Diocese in 2012. Education Nambala went to school in Ondjamba during 1962–63, in Omuntele during 1964–68, to the Onayena boys’ school in 1969, to the Ongwediva high school during 1970–70 and to the Oshigambo High School during 1975–76. Nambala was sworn in as the third chancellor of the International University of Management (IUM) in August 2018 replacing Bishop Emeritus Kleopas Dumeni. Nambala attended pastoral training at Mapumulo, South Africa, and obtained a Diploma in Theology in 1977–1980. He was ordained as pastor in 1981 at Ongwediva. Nambala pursued further studies in St. Paul, Minnesota, USA from 1983 to 1986, obtaining a masterâ ...
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Leonard Auala
Leonard Nangolo Auala (25 September 1908, Iiyale, Oniipa, Ovamboland, German South West Africa – 4 December, 1983, Onandjokwe, South West Africa) was a Namibian Lutheran Church leader. Early life Auala was born in Oniipa, Ovamboland, German South West Africa. He was the son of Nakanyala Vilho yaAwala (Shihwa) waAmukwiyu and Nekwaya Loide yaShikongo shaNangolo dhaAmutenya. Auala was raised partly by Lutheran missionaries from Finland. He went to primary school in Oniipa between 1919 and 1929, and between 1929 and 1931 he attended the local teacher training seminary there. During 1934–35, he studied at Augustineum, Okahandja, during 1934–35, and he received theological training in Elim in 1942, when he was ordained a pastor. He received further theological training at the Moravian Theological Seminary in Port Elizabeth, South Africa, during 1956–57. Career Auala was consecrated a bishop in 1963 by visiting Bishop Eelis Gulin from Tampere, Finland, in connection of the C ...
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Kleopas Dumeni
Kleopas Hafeni Dumeni (born 3 October 1930, Oshituku, Nakayale, Ombalantu, Namibia) is a Namibian church leader and a bishop emeritus of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Namibia. Dumeni is the son of Paulus Monima yaDumeni yaHipetekwa (b. 1902) and Hileni Utumbontsezi yaShimooshili shaUpuma (b. 1909). Dumeni went to school in Oluvango during 1935–45, then in the Nakayale Primary School during 1947–50, and in a vocational school in Oniipa during 1951–53 and in a school in Oshigambo during 1955–56. He studied theology in the Elim, Namibia, Elim seminary during 1957–59. Dumeni was consecrated a bishop by visiting Bishop Erkki Kansanaho from Tampere, Finland, in June 1979 at Ongwediva. Dumeni worked as the second bishop of the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Namibia during 1979–1991, and as the presiding bishop from 1992 until 2000, when he retired. Dumeni has an honorary doctoral degree in theology from three universities: *Wartburg Theological Seminary, USA, 1979 *Univ ...
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Ovambo People
The Ovambo people (), also called Aawambo, Ambo, Aawambo (Ndonga, Nghandjera, Kwambi, Kwaluudhi, Kolonghadhi, Mbalantu), or Ovawambo (Kwanyama) the biggest of the Aawambo sub-tribes are a Bantu ethnic group native to Southern Africa, primarily modern Namibia. They are the single largest ethnic group in Namibia, accounting for about half of the populationNamibia: People and Society
CIA Factbook, United States; "about 50% of the population belong to the Ovambo tribe", total population: 2.4 million
and one of Namibia’s most vibrant tribes. They have retained many aspects of their cultural practices, despite concerted efforts from Christian missionaries to wipe out what was believed to be ‘pagan practices’. They are also found in southern

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Lutheran World Federation
The Lutheran World Federation (LWF; german: Lutherischer Weltbund) is a global communion of national and regional Lutheran denominations headquartered in the Ecumenical Centre in Geneva, Switzerland. The federation was founded in the Swedish city of Lund in the aftermath of the Second World War in 1947 to coordinate the activities of the many differing Lutheran churches. Since 1984, the member churches are in pulpit and altar fellowship, with common doctrine as the basis of membership and mission activity. The LWF now has 148 member church bodies in 99 countries representing over 77 million Lutherans; as of 2020, it is the sixth-largest Christian communion (see list of denominations by membership). The LWF acts on behalf of its member churches in areas of common interest such as ecumenical and interfaith relations, theology, humanitarian assistance, human rights, communication, and the various aspects of mission and development work. The Department for World Service is the ...
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German-speaking Evangelical Lutheran Church In Namibia
The German-speaking Evangelical Lutheran Church in Namibia (known as GELC, GELK, or DELK) is a Lutheran denomination based in Namibia. It was founded in 1960, and has 4,434 members. GELC joined the Lutheran World Federation in 1963. It is also a member of the Council of Churches in Namibia. Along with the Evangelical Lutheran Church in Namibia and the Evangelical Lutheran Church in the Republic of Namibia, GELC formed the United Church Council of the Lutheran Churches in Namibia in 2007. The aim of this body is ultimately to achieve church union. References External links * {{Namibia-stub 1960 establishments in South West Africa German-Namibian culture Lutheran denominations established in the 20th century Lutheran World Federation members Lutheranism in Namibia Namibia Namibia (, ), officially the Republic of Namibia, is a country in Southern Africa. Its western border is the Atlantic Ocean. It shares land borders with Zambia and Angola to the north, Botswana ...
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Council Of Churches In Namibia
The Council of Churches in Namibia (CCN) is an ecumenical organisation in Namibia. Its member churches together represent 1.5 million people, 90% of the population of Namibia. It is a member of the Fellowship of Christian Councils in Southern Africa. CCN has its roots in the Christian Centre, which established in 1975 "as an ecumenical meeting place for black workers in Windhoek." Its purpose was to "speak with a united voice against injustice on behalf of the voiceless; and to initiate relief projects for the poor," but its real goal was to establish the Council of Churches in Namibia, which happened in 1978. Prior to Namibian independence, the CCN spoke out against repression and racism in the apartheid regime, and was "particularly outspoken in its denunciation in South Africa's introduction of conscription for all young men in Namibia." Since independence, the Council of Churches in Namibia has been involved in humanitarian activities such as helping political prisoners and ad ...
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Alpo Hukka
Alpo may refer to: * Alpo, a village in the ''comune'' of Villafranca di Verona in Italy * Alpo (pet food) * Alpo Rusi, diplomat * Alpo Suhonen (born 1948), hockey coach * Association of Lunar and Planetary Observers The Association of Lunar and Planetary Observers (ALPO or A.L.P.O.) is an international scientific and educational organization established in March 1947 in the United States by Walter H. Haas, and later incorporated in 1990. ALPO is an organizati ... See also * Alpos {{Disambig ...
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German South West Africa
German South West Africa (german: Deutsch-Südwestafrika) was a colony of the German Empire from 1884 until 1915, though Germany did not officially recognise its loss of this territory until the 1919 Treaty of Versailles. With a total area of 835,100 km², it was one and a half times the size of the mainland German Empire in Europe at the time. The colony had a population of around 2,600 Germans. German rule over this territory was punctuated by numerous rebellions by its native African peoples, which culminated in a campaign of German reprisals from 1904 to 1908 known as the Herero and Namaqua genocide. In 1915, during World War I, German South West Africa was invaded by the Western Allies in the form of South African and British forces. After the war its administration was taken over by the Union of South Africa (part of the British Empire) and the territory was administered as South West Africa under a League of Nations mandate. It became independent as Namibia on 21 ...
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