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Dongyangosaurus
''Dongyangosaurus'' is a genus of titanosaurian sauropod dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous. The only species is ''Dongyangosaurus sinensis'', from which only a single fragmentary skeleton is known, coming from the Zhejiang province of eastern China. It was described and named by Lü Junchang and colleagues. Like other sauropods, ''Dongyangosaurus'' would have been a large quadrupedal herbivore. Description The only skeleton (holotype DYM 04888) is stored in the Dongyang Museum (Dongyang, Zhejiang). It consists of ten dorsal vertebrae, the sacrum, two caudal vertebrae as well as the complete pelvis. The skeleton was found articulated. ''Dongyangosaurus'' was a midsized sauropod, measuring approximately 50 ft (15 m) in length and 15 ft (5 m) in height. The dorsal vertebrae were characterized by eye shaped pleurocoels and low bifurcated neural spines. The sacrum consisted of six fused sacral vertebrae, a feature unique to somphospondylans. The caudal vertebrae were amphic ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Titanosauria
Titanosaurs (or titanosaurians; members of the group Titanosauria) were a diverse group of sauropod dinosaurs, including genera from all seven continents. The titanosaurs were the last surviving group of long-necked sauropods, with taxa still thriving at the time of the extinction event at the end of the Cretaceous. This group includes some of the largest land animals known to have ever existed, such as ''Patagotitan''—estimated at long with a weight of —and the comparably-sized ''Argentinosaurus'' and ''Puertasaurus'' from the same region. The group's name alludes to the mythological Titans of ancient Greek mythology, via the type genus (now considered a ''nomen dubium)'' ''Titanosaurus''. Together with the brachiosaurids and relatives, titanosaurs make up the larger sauropod clade Titanosauriformes. Titanosaurs have long been a poorly-known group, and the relationships between titanosaur species are still not well-understood. Description Titanosauria have the largest ran ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Lithostrotia
Lithostrotia is a clade of derived titanosaur sauropods that lived during the Early Cretaceous and Late Cretaceous. The group was defined by Upchurch ''et al.'' in 2004 as the most recent common ancestor of ''Malawisaurus'' and ''Saltasaurus'' and all the descendants of that ancestor. Lithostrotia is derived from the Ancient Greek , meaning "inlaid with stones", referring to the fact that many known lithostrotians are preserved with osteoderms. However, osteoderms are not a distinguishing feature of the group, as the two noted by Unchurch ''et al.'' include caudal vertebrae with strongly concave front faces (procoely), although the farthest vertebrae are not procoelous. History of research In 1895, Richard Lydekker named the family Titanosauridae to summarize sauropods with procoelous (concave on the front) caudal vertebrae. The name Titanosauridae has since been widely used, and was defined by Salgado and colleagues (1997), Gonzalaz-Riga (2003), and Salgado (2003) as a node-based ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Somphospondyli
Somphospondyli is an extinct clade of titanosauriform sauropods that lived from the Late Jurassic until the end of the Late Cretaceous, comprising all titanosauriforms more closely related to Titanosauria proper than Brachiosauridae. The remains of somphospondylans have been discovered in all six continents. Classification The group has officially been defined under the PhyloCode as the largest clade containing ''Saltasaurus loricatus'', but not ''Giraffatitan brancai.'' Features found as diagnostic of this clade by Mannion ''et al.'' (2013) include the possession of at least 15 cervical vertebrae; a bevelled radius bone end; sacral vertebrae with camellate internal texture; convex posterior articular surfaces of middle to posterior caudal vertebrae; biconvex distal caudal vertebrae; humerus anterolateral corner "squared"; among multiple others. The following cladogram depicts the reference phylogeny used to defined Somphospondlyi under the PhyloCode The ''International Code ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Late Cretaceous
The Late Cretaceous (100.5–66 Ma) is the younger of two epochs into which the Cretaceous Period is divided in the geologic time scale. Rock strata from this epoch form the Upper Cretaceous Series. The Cretaceous is named after ''creta'', the Latin word for the white limestone known as chalk. The chalk of northern France and the white cliffs of south-eastern England date from the Cretaceous Period. Climate During the Late Cretaceous, the climate was warmer than present, although throughout the period a cooling trend is evident. The tropics became restricted to equatorial regions and northern latitudes experienced markedly more seasonal climatic conditions. Geography Due to plate tectonics, the Americas were gradually moving westward, causing the Atlantic Ocean to expand. The Western Interior Seaway divided North America into eastern and western halves; Appalachia and Laramidia. India maintained a northward course towards Asia. In the Southern Hemisphere, Australia and Ant ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Obturator Foramen
The obturator foramen (Latin foramen obturatum) is the large opening created by the ischium and pubis (bone), pubis bones of the pelvis through which nerves and blood vessels pass. Structure It is bounded by a thin, uneven margin, to which a strong membrane is attached, and presents, superiorly, a deep groove, the obturator groove, which runs from the pelvis obliquely medialward and downward. This groove is converted into the obturator canal by a ligamentous band, a specialized part of the obturator membrane, attached to two tubercles: * one, the posterior obturator tubercle, on the medial border of the ischium, just in front of the acetabular notch * the other, the anterior obturator tubercle, on the obturator crest of the superior pubic ramus, superior ramus of the pubis (bone), pubis Variation Reflecting the overall sex differences in human physiology, sex differences between male and female pelvises, the obturator foramina are oval in the male and wider and more triangular ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Chaochuan Formation
The Chaochuan Formation is a geologic formation in China (Zhejiang Province). It is made up of purplish red calcarenaceous, muddy siltstone, fine-grained sandstone with interbeds of tuffaceous sandstone and conglomerate or rhyolitic tuff. Fossil content The following fossils were reported from the formation: * '' Dongyangopelta yangyanensis'' * Therizinosauridae indet. (once known as "Chilantaisaurus ''Chilantaisaurus'' (" lizard") is a genus of large theropod dinosaur, possibly a neovenatorid or a primitive coelurosaur, from the Late Cretaceous Ulansuhai Formation of China (Turonian age, about 92 million years ago). The type species, ''C. ta ..." ''zheziangensis'') * '' Zhejiangosaurus lishuiensis''Lü Junchang; JIN Xingsheng; SHENG Yiming; LI Yihong; WANG Guoping; Yoichi AZUMA (2007). "New nodosaurid dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous of Lishui, Zhejiang Province, China". ''Acta Geologica Sinica'' (English ed.). 81 (3): 344–350. doi:10.1111/j.1755-6724.2007.tb00958.x. Ref ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zhejiangosaurus
''Zhejiangosaurus'' (meaning "Zhejiang lizard") is an extinct genus of ankylosaurian dinosaur from the Upper Cretaceous (Cenomanian stage) of Zhejiang, eastern China. It was first named by a group of Chinese authors Lü Junchang, Jin Xingsheng, Sheng Yiming and Li Yihong in 2007 and the type species is ''Zhejiangosaurus lishuiensis'' ("from Lishui", where the fossil was found). It has no diagnostic features, and thus is a ''nomen dubium''. Description ''Zhejiangosaurus'' could grow up to 4.5 m (17 ft) in length and was 1.4 metric tons in weigh. Material Material for ''Zhejiangosaurus'' consists of the holotype, ZNHM M8718, a partial skeleton which has preserved a sacrum with eight vertebrae, a complete right ilium and partial left ilium, a complete right pubis, the proximal end of the right ischium, two complete hindlimbs, fourteen caudal vertebrae, and some unidentified bones. These remains come from Liancheng, in the Chinese administrative unit of Lishui on the province ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Therizinosauridae
Therizinosauridae (meaning 'scythe lizards')Translated paper is a family of derived (advanced) whose fossil remains have been found in mostly boundary. Even though representative fossils have only been found throughout and |
Chilantaisaurus
''Chilantaisaurus'' (" lizard") is a genus of large theropod dinosaur, possibly a neovenatorid or a primitive coelurosaur, from the Late Cretaceous Ulansuhai Formation of China (Turonian age, about 92 million years ago). The type species, ''C. tashuikouensis'', was described by Hu in 1964. Description ''Chilantaisaurus'' was a large theropod, estimated as weighing between and . In 2010, Brusatte et al. estimated it to weigh , based on femur length measurements. However, considering that greater femoral circumference indicates the greater capacity to withstand greater locomotor loads (not greater body mass), the 2020 study moderated the body mass of the holotype at . It is estimated to be around to long. Classification Hu considered ''Chilantaisaurus'' to be a carnosaur related to ''Allosaurus'', though some subsequent studies suggested that it may be a spinosauroid, possibly a primitive member of the spinosaurid family (Sereno, 1998; Chure, 2000; Rauhut, 2001) because it ha ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Theropod
Theropoda (; ), whose members are known as theropods, is a dinosaur clade that is characterized by hollow bones and three toes and claws on each limb. Theropods are generally classed as a group of saurischian dinosaurs. They were ancestrally carnivorous, although a number of theropod groups evolved to become herbivores and omnivores. Theropods first appeared during the Carnian age of the late Triassic period 231.4 million years ago ( Ma) and included all the large terrestrial carnivores from the Early Jurassic until at least the close of the Cretaceous, about 66 Ma. In the Jurassic, birds evolved from small specialized coelurosaurian theropods, and are today represented by about 10,500 living species. Biology Diet and teeth Theropods exhibit a wide range of diets, from insectivores to herbivores and carnivores. Strict carnivory has always been considered the ancestral diet for theropods as a group, and a wider variety of diets was historically considered a characteri ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jinhua Formation
The Jinhua Formation () is a geological formation in Zhejiang, China, whose strata date back to the Late Cretaceous period (Turonian to Coniacian). It was initially believed to be Early Cretaceous ( late Albian) in age.Feng Tang, Xi-Min Kang, Xing-Sheng Jin, Feng Wei, Wei-Tang Wu (2001"A New Sauropod Dinosaur of Cretaceous From Jiangshan, Zhejiang Province"in: ''Vertebrata PalAsiatica.'' Bd. 39, Nr. 4, pp. 272–281. Dinosaur remains are among the fossils that have been recovered from the formation.Weishampel, David B; et al. (2004). "Dinosaur distribution (Early Cretaceous, Asia)." In: Weishampel, David B.; Dodson, Peter; and Osmólska, Halszka (eds.): The Dinosauria, 2nd, Berkeley: University of California Press. Pp. 563-570. . Fossil content * '' Jiangshanosaurus lixianensis'' - "Partial postcranial skeleton.""Table 13.1," in Weishampel, et al. (2004). Page 269. See also * List of dinosaur-bearing rock formations This list of dinosaur-bearing rock formations is a list of g ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jiangshanosaurus
''Jiangshanosaurus'' is a genus of herbivorous titanosauriform sauropod dinosaur that lived in China approximately 92-88 million years ago, during the Turonian- Coniacian stage of the Late Cretaceous. Discovery and naming In 1977 and 1978 a sauropod skeleton was excavated by paleontologists Wei Feng, Wu Weitang and Kang Ximin in the Jinhua Formation of Lixian Village, Jiangshan county, in the eastern Chinese province of Zhejiang. The type and only named species, ''Jiangshanosaurus lixianensis'', was formally described by Tang Feng, Kang, Jin Xingsheng, Wei and Wu in 2001. The holotype, ZNM M1322, of ''J.lixianensis'' includes elements of the left shoulder, five back vertebrae, three tail vertebrae, the pubic bones, the ischia, and a left femur.Feng Tang, Xi-Min Kang, Xing-Sheng Jin, Feng Wei, Wei-Tang Wu (2001"A New Sauropod Dinosaur of Cretaceous From Jiangshan, Zhejiang Province"in: ''Vertebrata PalAsiatica.'' Bd. 39, Nr. 4, pp. 272–281. The genus name refers to Jiangsh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
