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Dobrotitsa
Dobrotitsa ( bg, Добротица, ; ro, Dobrotici or ; in contemporaneous Byzantine documents; ''Dobrodicie'' in contemporaneous Genoese documentsM. Balard, ''Actes de Kilia du notaire Antonio di Ponzo, 1360'' in ''Genes et l'Outre-Mer'', II, Paris, 1980 ) was a Bulgarian noble, ruler of the ''de facto'' independent Principality of Karvuna and the Kaliakra fortress from 1354 to 1379–1386. Dobrotitsa's ethnic origin is disputed, in consequence he is considered by some a Bulgarian noble kindred of the Terter dynasty (from the Cuman Terteroba clan), to others a Vlach (mostly by Romanian historians), and to others a Christianized Turk. Venetian sources from the late 14th century refer to Dobrotitsa as a "''despot of Bulgarians''" (''DESPOTUM BULGARORUM DOBROTICAM'') and to his realm as "''parts of Zagore (Bulgaria) subordinate to Dobrotitsa''" (''PARTES ZAGORAE SUBDITAS DOBROTICAE''). In 1346, Dobrotitsa and his brother Theodore were sent along with 1,000 soldiers by the D ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dobruja
Dobruja or Dobrudja (; bg, Добруджа, Dobrudzha or ''Dobrudža''; ro, Dobrogea, or ; tr, Dobruca) is a historical region in the Balkans that has been divided since the 19th century between the territories of Bulgaria and Romania. It is situated between the lower Danube River and the Black Sea, and includes the Danube Delta, Romanian coast, and the northernmost part of the Bulgarian coast. The territory of Dobruja is made up of Northern Dobruja, which is part of Romania, and Southern Dobruja, which is part of Bulgaria. The territory of the Romanian region Dobrogea is organised as the counties of Constanța and Tulcea, with a combined area of and a population of slightly less than 900,000. Its main cities are Constanța, Tulcea, Medgidia and Mangalia. Dobrogea is represented by dolphins in the coat of arms of Romania. The Bulgarian region Dobrudzha is divided among the administrative regions of Dobrich and Silistra; the following villages of Razgrad Province: ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Principality Of Karvuna
The Despotate of Dobruja or Principality of Karvuna ( bg, Добруджанско деспотство or ; ro, Despotatul Dobrogei or ) was a 14th-century quasi-independent polity in the region of modern Dobruja, that split off from the Second Bulgarian Empire under the influence of the Byzantine Empire. The principality's name is derived from the fortress of Karvuna (present-day Balchik, not to be confused with Karnava/Kavarna), mentioned in Bulgarian and Byzantine documents and Italian portolans of the 14th century as its first capital, and located between Varna and Cape Kaliakra. History The principality was spun off from the Second Bulgarian Empire (followed by other frontier regions of Bulgaria such as Vidin and Velbuzhd) around 1340 under Balik (member of the Bulgarian-Cuman dynasty of Terter according to some authors) and placed itself ecclesiastically under the Patriarchate of Constantinople. A "Metropolitan of Varna and Carbona" was mentioned in 1325. Under Bal ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Despotate Of Dobruja
The Despotate of Dobruja or Principality of Karvuna ( bg, Добруджанско деспотство or ; ro, Despotatul Dobrogei or ) was a 14th-century quasi-independent polity in the region of modern Dobruja, that split off from the Second Bulgarian Empire under the influence of the Byzantine Empire. The principality's name is derived from the fortress of Karvuna (present-day Balchik, not to be confused with Karnava/Kavarna), mentioned in Bulgarian and Byzantine documents and Italian portolans of the 14th century as its first capital, and located between Varna and Cape Kaliakra. History The principality was spun off from the Second Bulgarian Empire (followed by other frontier regions of Bulgaria such as Vidin and Velbuzhd) around 1340 under Balik (member of the Bulgarian-Cuman dynasty of Terter according to some authors) and placed itself ecclesiastically under the Patriarchate of Constantinople. A "Metropolitan of Varna and Carbona" was mentioned in 1325. Under Bali ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dobrich
Dobrich ( bg, Добрич ; ro, Bazargic, tr, Hacıoğlu Pazarcık) is the List of cities and towns in Bulgaria, 9th most populated city in Bulgaria, the administrative centre of Dobrich Province and the capital of the region of Southern Dobrudzha. It is located in the northeastern part of the country, 30 km west of the Bulgarian Black Sea Coast, not far from resorts such as Albena, Balchik, and Golden Sands. In January 2012, Dobrich was inhabited by 79,269 people within the city limits. The city is named after the Bulgarian medieval lord of the surrounding region - Dobrotitsa. Agriculture is the most developed branch of the economy. Dobrich Knoll on Livingston Island in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica is named after Dobrich. A point of interest is the Dobrich TV Tower. Etymology The city is named after the 14th-century Dobrujan ruler Dobrotitsa, from the Slavic root ''dobr'', "good". The city has had several name changes throughout its history. When the town wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Theodore Of Dobruja
Theodore of Dobruja was a Bulgarian noble. He was brother of Balik the founder of the Despotate of Dobruja, and his successor Dobrotitsa. In 1346, Theodore and Dobrotitsa were sent along with 1,000 soldiers by Balik to help Byzantine Empress Anna of Savoy in the civil war against John VI Kantakouzenos, but were defeated. In 1347, Umur Beg of Aydin led a naval expedition against Dobruja on behalf of the emperor John V Palaiologos John V Palaiologos or Palaeologus ( el, Ἰωάννης Παλαιολόγος, ''Iōánnēs Palaiológos''; 18 June 1332 – 16 February 1391) was Byzantine emperor from 1341 to 1391, with interruptions. Biography John V was the son of E ..., in which Theodore and Balik died. References Bibliography *{{citation , title = The Late Byzantine Army: Arms and Society 1204–1453 , first = Mark C. , last = Bartusis , publisher = University of Pennsylvania Press , year = 1997 , isbn = 0-8122-1620-2 , url = https://books.google.com/books? ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Savoyard Crusade
The Savoyard crusade was a crusading expedition to the Balkans in 1366–67. It was born out of the same planning that led to the Alexandrian Crusade and was the brainchild of Pope Urban V. It was led by Count Amadeus VI of Savoy and directed against the growing Ottoman Empire in eastern Europe. Although intended as a collaboration with the Kingdom of Hungary and the Byzantine Empire, the crusade was diverted from its main purpose to attack the Second Bulgarian Empire. There the crusaders made small gains that they handed over to the Byzantines. It did take back some territory from the Ottomans in the vicinity of Constantinople and on Gallipoli. Noting the greater attention paid to Bulgaria than to the Turks, historian Nicolae Iorga argued "it was not the same thing as a crusade, this expedition that better resembled an escapade." Still, the taking of Gallipoli, according to Oskar Halecki, was "the first success achieved by the Christians in their struggle for the defense of E ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kaliakra
Kaliakra ( bg, Калиакра; ro, Caliacra) is a cape in the Southern Dobruja region of the northern Bulgarian Black Sea Coast, which ends with a long and narrow headland east of Kavarna, northeast of Varna and southwest of Mangalia. The coast is steep with vertical cliffs reaching down to the sea. Kaliakra is a nature reserve, where dolphins and cormorants can be observed. It sits on the Via Pontica, a major bird migration route from Africa into Eastern and Northern Europe. Many rare and migrant birds can be seen here in spring and autumn and, like much of this coastline, is home to several rare breeding birds (e.g. pied wheatear and a local race of European shag). The rest of the reserve also has unusual breeding birds; saker falcon, lesser grey shrike and a host of others. It also features the remnants of the fortified walls, water-main, baths and residence of Despot Dobrotitsa in the short-lived Despotate of Dobruja's medieval capital. The Bolata Cove with a small sh ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
George Phakrases
George Phakrases ( el, Γεώργιος Φακρασῆς, ) was a Byzantine nobleman and general, notable as a supporter of John VI Kantakouzenos in the Byzantine civil war of 1341–47. Phakrases was an early adherent of Kantakouzenos, and in 1342–43 commanded the latter's cavalry at Didymoteicho. By 1346, he had been raised to the rank of ''protostrator'', and in that year dealt a crushing defeat near Selymbria on the forces of Dobrotitsa of the Despotate of Dobruja, who had been called upon to aid the regency by the Empress-dowager Anna of Savoy. Dobrotitsa himself was taken prisoner, but managed to escape to Constantinople soon after. After Kantakouzenos' victory in the civil war, in 1351 Phakrases led part of the army, under Manuel Asen (a brother of Empress Irene Asanina) in the failed siege of the Genoese colony of Galata. In 1355 he wrote a summary of the theological disputation between Gregory Palamas and Nikephoros Gregoras over the Hesychast controversy The He ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ivanko (despot)
Ivanko ( bg, Иванко) was the ruler of the Despotate of Dobruja from 1385 to 1389, and again from 1393 to 1399. His father was Dobrotitsa. In 1385 or 1386, Dobrotitsa died and power passed into the hands of his son, Ivanko. Ivanko severed relations with the Patriarchate of Tarnovo due to worsening relations with Ivan Shishman of Bulgaria, Emperor Ivan Shishman and the areas under his rule became subordinate to the Patriarchate of Constantinople. To demonstrate the independence of the Despotate, Ivanko began to mint silver and bronze coins and in 1387 he signed a commercial treaty with Genoa in Pera (Beyoğlu), Pera, a colony of Genoa in Constantinople. This treaty ended the war with Genoa and provided for a Genoese trading colony in the territory of the Despotate and for the establishment of Bulgarian colony in Genoa. The text of the agreement details the rights of the Genoese, who in practice received self-government in the colony, were entitled to own land in the Despotate ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zagore (region)
Zagore ( bg, Загоре ), also Zagorie (), Zagora (), or Zagoriya (), was a vaguely defined medieval region in what is now Bulgaria. Its name is of Slavic origin and means "beyond .e. south ofthe alkanmountains". The region was first mentioned as Ζαγόρια in Greek (in an Old Bulgarian translation it was rendered as Загорїа) when it was ceded to the First Bulgarian Empire by the Byzantine Empire during the rule of Tervel of Bulgaria in the very beginning of the 8th century ( Byzantine–Bulgarian Treaty of 716). From the context, Zagore can be defined as a region in northeastern Thrace. During the Second Bulgarian Empire, the region was also mentioned in Tsar Ivan Asen II of Bulgaria's post-1230 Dubrovnik Charter, which allowed Ragusan merchants to trade in the Bulgarian lands, among which "the whole Zagore" (пѡ всемѹ Загѡриѹ). A 14th-century Venetian documents refer to Zagora as a synonym for Bulgaria (e.g. ''partes del Zagora, subditas Dobroti ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Balik (ruler)
Balik ( bg, Балик, Byzantine Greek: ; fl. c. 1320 and died 1347) was a noble of the Second Bulgarian Empire who increased the autonomy of his province and became despot of the Principality of Karvuna. An account cited that he finally broke away from the empire in the 1340s and, as a result, the dioceses in his region, which was later named Dobrudja, were subsumed under the jurisdiction of the Patriarchate of Constantinople. This came after Tsar Ivan Alexander divided Bulgaria into three territories that were held by his sons. V. Stoyanov explains the name through Turkic balik - 'city', or balïk - 'fish'. But another Turkic etymology can also be indicated. balq – 'shines, sparkles, shines', balqï, Turkish dial. balqïn – 'beautiful, shining', balqïr – 'lightning', or with Turk. Chagatai balga, Kalmyk balig – 'mace'. During the Byzantine civil war of 1341–1347 he supported the regent Anna of Savoy against pretender John VI Kantakouzenos. Balik died in 1347, eit ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Byzantine Civil War Of 1341–1347
The Byzantine civil war of 1341–1347, sometimes referred to as the Second Palaiologan Civil War, was a conflict that broke out in the Byzantine Empire after the death of Andronikos III Palaiologos over the guardianship of his nine-year-old son and heir, John V Palaiologos. It pitted on the one hand Andronikos III's chief minister, John VI Kantakouzenos, and on the other a regency headed by the Empress-Dowager Anna of Savoy, the Patriarch of Constantinople John XIV Kalekas, and the Alexios Apokaukos. The war polarized Byzantine society along class lines, with the aristocracy backing Kantakouzenos and the lower and middle classes supporting the regency. To a lesser extent, the conflict acquired religious overtones; Byzantium was embroiled in the Hesychast controversy, and adherence to the mystical doctrine of Hesychasm was often equated with support for Kantakouzenos. As the chief aide and closest friend of Emperor Andronikos III, Kantakouzenos became regent for the underage J ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
