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Direct Blue 15
Direct Blue 15 is an organic compound that is classified as an azo dye. It is a dark blue water soluble solid. It is a popular substantive dye, which means that it useful for dying cotton and related cellulosic materials. It is produced by azo coupling In organic chemistry, an azo coupling is an organic reaction between a diazonium compound () and another aromatic compound that produces an azo compound (). In this electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction, the aryldiazonium cation is the ... of o-dianisidine with the appropriate naphthalene disulfonate.. References {{Reflist Azo dyes Naphthalenesulfonic acids 1-Naphthols Naphthylamines ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Organic Compound
In chemistry, organic compounds are generally any chemical compounds that contain carbon-hydrogen or carbon-carbon bonds. Due to carbon's ability to catenate (form chains with other carbon atoms), millions of organic compounds are known. The study of the properties, reactions, and syntheses of organic compounds comprise the discipline known as organic chemistry. For historical reasons, a few classes of carbon-containing compounds (e.g., carbonate salts and cyanide salts), along with a few other exceptions (e.g., carbon dioxide, hydrogen cyanide), are not classified as organic compounds and are considered inorganic. Other than those just named, little consensus exists among chemists on precisely which carbon-containing compounds are excluded, making any rigorous definition of an organic compound elusive. Although organic compounds make up only a small percentage of Earth's crust, they are of central importance because all known life is based on organic compounds. Living t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Azo Dye
Azo dyes are organic compounds bearing the functional group R−N=N−R′, in which R and R′ are usually aryl and substituted aryl groups. They are a commercially important family of azo compounds, i.e. compounds containing the C-N=N-C linkage. Azo dyes are synthetic dyes and do not occur naturally. Most azo dyes contain only one azo group, but some dyes called "disazo dyes" contain two azo groups, some dyes called "trisazo dyes" contain three azo groups and are or more. Azo dyes comprise 60-70% of all dyes used in food and textile industries. Azo dyes are widely used to treat textiles, leather articles, and some foods. Chemically related derivatives of azo dyes include azo pigments, which are insoluble in water and other solvents. Classes Many kinds of azo dyes are known, and several classification systems exist. Some classes include disperse dyes, metal-complex dyes, reactive dyes, and substantive dyes. Also called direct dyes, substantive dyes are employed for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Substantive Dye
A substantive dye or direct dye is a dye that adheres to its substrate, typically a textile, by non-ionic forces. Overview The amount of this attraction is known as "substantivity": the higher the substantivity the greater the attraction of the dye for the fiber. Substantive dyes work best on textiles with high contents of cellulose, such as cotton. In contrast to direct dyes, wool and leather goods are dyed by the process of ion exchange, exploiting the cationic nature of proteins near neutral pH. The development of substantive dyes helped make mordant dyes obsolete. Substantive dyes are set in a slightly basic or neutral environment at temperatures close to boiling point. They are set by formation of aggregates of dyes within interstices of the fibres. Aggregation is enhanced by extended aromatic rings.Klaus Hunger, Peter Mischke, Wolfgang Rieper, Roderich Raue, Klaus Kunde, Aloys Engel: "Azo Dyes" in ''Ullmann’s Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry'', 2005, Wiley-VCH, Wei ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cellulosic Material
Cellulose is an organic compound with the formula , a polysaccharide consisting of a linear chain of several hundred to many thousands of β(1→4) linked D-glucose units. Cellulose is an important structural component of the primary cell wall of green plants, many forms of algae and the oomycetes. Some species of bacteria secrete it to form biofilms. Cellulose is the most abundant organic polymer on Earth. The cellulose content of cotton fiber is 90%, that of wood is 40–50%, and that of dried hemp is approximately 57%. Cellulose is mainly used to produce paperboard and paper. Smaller quantities are converted into a wide variety of derivative products such as cellophane and rayon. Conversion of cellulose from energy crops into biofuels such as cellulosic ethanol is under development as a renewable fuel source. Cellulose for industrial use is mainly obtained from wood pulp and cotton. Some animals, particularly ruminants and termites, can digest cellulose with the help of sym ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Azo Coupling
In organic chemistry, an azo coupling is an organic reaction between a diazonium compound () and another aromatic compound that produces an azo compound (). In this electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction, the aryldiazonium cation is the electrophile and the activated arene is a nucleophile. In most cases, including the examples below, the diazonium compound is also aromatic. Diazotization The process of conversion of primary aromatic amines into its diazonium salt is called diazotization. Diazonium salts are important synthetic intermediates that can undergo coupling reactions to form azo dyes and electrophilic substitution reactions to introduce functional groups. Uses of the reaction Aromatic azo compounds tend to be brightly colored due to the extended conjugated systems. Many are used as dyes (see azo dye). Important azo dyes include methyl red and pigment red 170. Azo printing exploits this reaction as well. Azo coupling is also used to produce prontosil and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
O-Dianisidine
''o''-Dianisidine is an organic compound with the formula CH3O)(H2N)C6H3sub>2. A colorless or white solid, it is a bifunctional compound derived via the benzidine rearrangement from ''o''-anisidine. ''o''-Dianisidine is a precursor to some azo dyes by formation of the bis(diazonium) derivative, which is coupled to diverse aromatic compounds. Some commercial dyes derived from ''o''-dianisidine include C. I. Direct Blue 1, 15, 22, 84, and 98.. ''o''-Dianisidine is also used in assaying activity of peroxidase in lab. The general reaction of a peroxidase is as follows. :ROOR' + \overset + 2H+ -> ce + R'OH Where the ROOR' can be hydrogen peroxide, and the electron donor be ''o''-dianisidine. Safety The manufacture and degradation of ''o''-dianisidine, like other benzidene derivatives, has attracted regulatory attention. It is also used as a reagent in biochemistry in testing for peroxide In chemistry, peroxides are a group of compounds with the structure , where R = ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Naphthalene Disulfonate
Naphthalene is an organic compound with formula . It is the simplest polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, and is a white crystalline solid with a characteristic odor that is detectable at concentrations as low as 0.08 ppm by mass. As an aromatic hydrocarbon, naphthalene's structure consists of a fused pair of benzene rings. It is best known as the main ingredient of traditional mothballs. History In the early 1820s, two separate reports described a white solid with a pungent odor derived from the distillation of coal tar. In 1821, John Kidd cited these two disclosures and then described many of this substance's properties and the means of its production. He proposed the name ''naphthaline'', as it had been derived from a kind of naphtha (a broad term encompassing any volatile, flammable liquid hydrocarbon mixture, including coal tar). Naphthalene's chemical formula was determined by Michael Faraday in 1826. The structure of two fused benzene rings was proposed by Emil Erlenmeye ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Azo Dyes
Azo dyes are organic compounds bearing the functional group R−N=N−R′, in which R and R′ are usually aryl and substituted aryl groups. They are a commercially important family of azo compounds, i.e. compounds containing the C-N=N-C linkage. Azo dyes are synthetic dyes and do not occur naturally. Most azo dyes contain only one azo group, but some dyes called "disazo dyes" contain two azo groups, some dyes called "trisazo dyes" contain three azo groups and are or more. Azo dyes comprise 60-70% of all dyes used in food and textile industries. Azo dyes are widely used to treat textiles, leather articles, and some foods. Chemically related derivatives of azo dyes include azo pigments, which are insoluble in water and other solvents. Classes Many kinds of azo dyes are known, and several classification systems exist. Some classes include disperse dyes, metal-complex dyes, reactive dyes, and substantive dyes. Also called direct dyes, substantive dyes are employed for ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
