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Dionycha
The Dionycha are a clade of spiders (Araneomorphae:Entelegynae), characterized by the possession of two tarsal claws with tufts of hairs (setae) beside them, which produce strong adhesion, enabling some species to climb glass. The circumscription of the group has varied widely; a 2021 analysis resulted in about 20 families, including Salticidae (jumping spiders), Gnaphosidae (ground spiders), and Clubionidae. The Dionycha are considered to be a subgroup of the larger RTA clade. Most species hunt their prey instead of building webs. There are no cribellate members in the Dionycha.Griswold ''et al.'' 1999 Today it is thought that the reduction of the third claw present in ancestral spiders evolved several times independently, so this alone is not a criterion that defines the clade. Families In 2021, a group of several spider taxonomists published a major study of the phylogeny of Dionycha, using genetic and phenotypic data. It included the families listed below: ;Dionycha * Prod ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trachelidae
Trachelidae is a family of araneomorph spiders (more recently evolved spiders with inward-pointing chelicerae) first described by Eugène Simon in 1897 as a subfamily called "Tracheleae" ("Trachelinae" in modern terminology). The Trachelidae family, also known as "ground sac spiders", is within the group of spiders known as the RTA clade, which includes mostly wandering spiders that do not use webs. Spiders in the Trachelidae family are characterized as being 3-10mm long and having a red cephalothorax and a yellow/tan abdomen. They are commonly found indoors. It was placed in the family Clubionidae, then later in Corinnidae when the Clubionidae were split up. The first study that suggested Trachelidae should be considered its own family was done by Deeleman-reinhold in 2001 as part of an analysis of RTA Clade spiders. An analysis by Martín J. Ramírez in 2014 suggested that it was not closely related to other members of the Corinnidae, and was better treated as a separate family ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Salticidae
Jumping spiders are a group of spiders that constitute the family Salticidae. As of 2019, this family contained over 600 described genera and over 6,000 described species, making it the largest family of spiders at 13% of all species. Jumping spiders have some of the best vision among arthropods and use it in courtship, hunting, and navigation. Although they normally move unobtrusively and fairly slowly, most species are capable of very agile jumps, notably when hunting, but sometimes in response to sudden threats or crossing long gaps. Both their book lungs and tracheal system are well-developed, and they use both systems (bimodal breathing). Jumping spiders are generally recognized by their eye pattern. All jumping spiders have four pairs of eyes, with the anterior median pair being particularly large. Distinguishing characteristics Jumping spiders are among the easiest to distinguish from similar spider families because of the shape of the cephalothorax and their eye pa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Gnaphosidae
Ground spiders comprise Gnaphosidae, the seventh largest spider family with over 2,000 described species in over 100 genera distributed worldwide. There are 105 species known to central Europe, and common genera include ''Gnaphosa'', ''Drassodes'', ''Micaria'', '' Cesonia'', ''Zelotes'' and many others. They are closely related to Clubionidae. At present, no ground spiders are known to be seriously venomous to humans. Description Generally, ground spiders are characterized by having barrel-shaped anterior spinnerets that are one spinneret diameter apart. The main exception to this rule is found in the ant-mimicking genus ''Micaria''. Another characteristic is an indentation in the endites (paired mouthparts anterior and lateral to the labium, or lip). All ground spiders lack a prey-capture web and generally run prey down on the surface. They hunt at night and spend the day in a silken retreat. The genitalia are diverse and are a good model for studying the evolution of genitalia ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Miturgidae
Miturgidae is a family (biology), family of Araneomorphae, araneomorph spiders that includes nearly 170 species in 29 genus, genera worldwide. First described by Eugène Simon in 1886, it has been substantially revised, and includes the previous family Zoridae as a synonym, and excludes the family Xenoctenidae. Several genera have also been removed, such as the large genus ''Cheiracanthium'', which was transferred to the Cheiracanthiidae. Genera , the World Spider Catalog accepts the following genera: *''Argoctenus'' L. Koch, 1878 — New Zealand, Australia, Papua New Guinea *''Diaprograpta'' Simon, 1909 — Australia *''Elassoctenus'' Simon, 1909 — Australia *''Eupograpta'' Raven, 2009 — Australia *''Hestimodema'' Simon, 1909 — Australia *''Israzorides'' Levy, 2003 — Israel *''Mituliodon'' Raven & Stumkat, 2003 — Timor-Leste, Australia *''Miturga'' Thorell, 1870 — Australia *''Mitzoruga'' Raven, 2009 — Australia *''Nuliodon'' Raven, 2009 — Australia *''Odomasta ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
RTA Clade
The RTA clade is a clade of araneomorph spiders, united by the possession of a retrolateral tibial apophysis – a backward-facing projection on the tibia of the male pedipalp. The clade contains over 21,000 species, almost half the current total of about 46,000 known species of spider. Most of the members of the clade are wanderers and do not build webs. Despite making up approximately half of all modern spider diversity, there are no unambiguous records of the group from the Mesozoic and molecular clock evidence suggests that the group began to diversify during the Late Cretaceous. Families In 2005, Coddington included 39 families in a cladogram showing the RTA clade: *Agelenidae *Amaurobiidae *Ammoxenidae *Amphinectidae (paraphyletic; merged into Desidae) *Anyphaenidae *Cithaeronidae *Clubionidae *Corinnidae *Cryptothelidae *Ctenidae *Desidae *Dictynidae *Gallieniellidae *Gnaphosidae *Lamponidae *Liocranidae *Lycosidae *Miturgidae (paraphyletic) *Oxyopidae *Philodromidae *Phyx ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Trachycosmidae
Trachycosmidae, is a family of spiders in the infraorder Araneomorphae. Identification They can be identified by the lateral spinnerets, which are separated by the length of their diameter and have their complete distal article without inflatable area. The presence of two major ampullate gland spigots and the epigynal field formed by an undivided plate. The lens of the anterior lateral eyes are convex, raised from the surrounding cuticle, which in Trochanteriidae is flat. Genera This family include 20 genera, most of which where part of the family Trochanteriidae and Gallieniellidae Gallieniellidae is a family of spiders first described by J. Millot in 1947. It was originally thought to be endemic (ecology), endemic to Madagascar until species were also found in southern Kenya, northeastern Argentina, and Australia. ''Drassod ...: References Taxa described in 2002 Araneomorphae families Araneomorphae {{Spider-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ammoxenidae
Ground spiders comprise Gnaphosidae, the seventh largest spider family with over 2,000 described species in over 100 genera distributed worldwide. There are 105 species known to central Europe, and common genera include ''Gnaphosa'', ''Drassodes'', ''Micaria'', ''Cesonia'', ''Zelotes'' and many others. They are closely related to Clubionidae. At present, no ground spiders are known to be seriously venomous to humans. Description Generally, ground spiders are characterized by having barrel-shaped anterior spinnerets that are one spinneret diameter apart. The main exception to this rule is found in the ant-mimicking genus ''Micaria''. Another characteristic is an indentation in the endites (paired mouthparts anterior and lateral to the labium, or lip). All ground spiders lack a prey-capture web and generally run prey down on the surface. They hunt at night and spend the day in a silken retreat. The genitalia are diverse and are a good model for studying the evolution of genitalia b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cithaeronidae
Cithaeronidae is a small family of araneomorph spiders first described by Simon in 1893 Female ''Cithaeron'' are about long, males about . They are pale yellowish, fast-moving spiders that actively hunt at night and rest during the day, building silken retreats below rocks. They prefer very hot, dry stony places. Distribution While ''Inthaeron'' occurs only in India, members of the genus ''Cithaeron'' are found in Africa, India and parts of Eurasia. Three adult females of ''C. praedonius'' were found in Teresina, Piauí, Brazil. As they were found in and near human housings, they presumably were accidentally introduced. This is probably also the case for finds in the Northern Territory of Australia. Another population of ''C. praedonius'' has been discovered in Florida U.S.A., with reports of a stable breeding population.(Pers. comm. Joseph Stiles) Genera and Species This section lists all described species accepted by the World Spider Catalog : ''Cithaeron Cithaeron or K ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Viridasiidae
This page lists all described species of the spider family Viridasiidae accepted by the World Spider Catalog The World Spider Catalog (WSC) is an online searchable database concerned with spider taxonomy. It aims to list all accepted families, genera and species, as well as provide access to the related taxonomic literature. The WSC began as a series of ... : ''Viridasius'' '' Viridasius'' Simon, 1889 * '' V. fasciatus'' (Lenz, 1886) ( type) — Madagascar ''Vulsor'' '' Vulsor'' Simon, 1889 * '' V. bidens'' Simon, 1889 ( type) — Comoros, Mayotte * '' V. isaloensis'' (Ono, 1993) — Madagascar * '' V. occidentalis'' Mello-Leitão, 1922 — Brazil * '' V. penicillatus'' Simon, 1896 — Madagascar * '' V. septimus'' Strand, 1907 — Madagascar * '' V. sextus'' Strand, 1907 — Madagascar References {{DEFAULTSORT:Viridasiidae Viridasiidae ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Selenopidae
Selenopidae, also called wall crab spiders, wall spiders and flatties, is a family of araneomorph spiders first described by Eugène Simon in 1897. It contains over 280 species in nine genera, of which ''Selenops'' is the most well-known. This family is just one of several families whose English name includes the phrase "crab spider". These spiders are often called "Flatties" due to their flattened dorsal profile. The Afrikaans name for these spiders is "Muurspinnekop." They are a variety of colors, including shades of grey, brown, yellow, and orange, with darker markings on the cephalothorax and spots or mottling on the abdomen, and annulations on the legs of most species. They are very flat dorsoventrally, and have two tarsal claws and laterigrade legs. Their running and striking speeds place them among the world’s fastest animals, making them difficult to capture, while their coloring often makes them difficult to see. Their spin is the fastest leg-driven turning maneuver of a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Cheiracanthiidae
''Cheiracanthiidae'' is a family of araneomorph spiders first described by Vladimir Wagner in 1887. The synonym Eutichuridae was used for a long time, but Cheiracanthiidae has priority. The largest genus currently recognized as belonging to this family is ''Cheiracanthium'', which has previously been placed in both the Clubionidae and the Miturgidae. Taxonomy It was recognized as a synonym of "Eutichuridae" in 2009, but was in danger of becoming obsolete until it was resurrected in 2011. The group was originally described as the subfamily Eutichurinae of the family Miturgidae by Pekka T. Lehtinen in 1967. The monophyly of the group is described as "reasonably uncontroversial", but it has been placed in either the Miturgidae or the Clubionidae. An analysis by Martín J. Ramírez in 2014 suggested that it was better considered as a separate family. Genera , the World Spider Catalog accepts the following genera: *'' Calamoneta'' Deeleman-Reinhold, 2001 — Indonesia *'' Calamopu ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Xenoctenidae
Xenoctenidae is a family of araneomorph spiders separated from Miturgidae in 2017. Genera and species , the World Spider Catalog accepts the following genera and species: Incasoctenus Mello-Leitão, 1942 *'' Incasoctenus perplexus'' Mello-Leitão, 1942 (type species) – Peru Odo Keyserling, 1887 *'' Odo abudi'' Alayón, 2002 – Hispaniola *''Odo agilis'' Simon, 1897 – St. Thomas *'' Odo ariguanabo'' Alayón, 1995 – Cuba *'' Odo australiensis'' Hickman, 1944 – Central Australia *'' Odo blumenauensis'' Mello-Leitão, 1927 – Brazil *'' Odo bruchi'' (Mello-Leitão, 1938) – Argentina *'' Odo cubanus'' (Franganillo, 1946) – Cuba *'' Odo desenderi'' Baert, 2009 – Ecuador (Galapagos Is.) *''Odo drescoi'' (Caporiacco, 1955) – Venezuela *'' Odo galapagoensis'' Banks, 1902 – Ecuador (Galapagos Is.) *'' Odo gigliolii'' Caporiacco, 1947 – Guyana *'' Odo incertus'' Caporiacco, 1955 – Venezuela *'' Odo insularis'' Banks, 1902 – Ecuador (Galapagos Is.) *'' Odo keyserl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
