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Digital Public Goods
Digital public goods are public goods in the form of software, data sets, AI models, standards or content that are generally free cultural works and contribute to sustainable national and international digital development. Use of the term "digital public good" appears as early as April 2017, when Nicholas Gruen wrote ''Building the Public Goods of the Twenty-First Century'', and has gained popularity with the growing recognition of the potential for new technologies to be implemented at a national scale to better service delivery to citizens. Digital technologies have also been identified by countries, NGOs and private sector entities as a means to achieve the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). This translation of public goods onto digital platforms has resulted in the use of the term "digital public goods". Several international agencies, including UNICEF and UNDP, are exploring DPGs as a possible solution to address the issue of digital inclusion, particularly for children i ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Public Good (economics)
In economics, a public good (also referred to as a social good or collective good)Oakland, W. H. (1987). Theory of public goods. In Handbook of public economics (Vol. 2, pp. 485-535). Elsevier. is a good that is both non-excludable and non-rivalrous. For such goods, users cannot be barred from accessing or using them for failing to pay for them. Also, use by one person neither prevents access of other people nor does it reduce availability to others. Therefore, the good can be used simultaneously by more than one person. This is in contrast to a common good, such as wild fish stocks in the ocean, which is non-excludable but rivalrous to a certain degree. If too many fish were harvested, the stocks would deplete, limiting the access of fish for others. A public good must be valuable to more than one user, otherwise, the fact that it can be used simultaneously by more than one person would be economically irrelevant. Capital goods may be used to produce public goods or services th ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
FOSS
Fos or FOSS may refer to: Companies *Foss A/S, a Danish analytical instrument company * Foss Brewery, a former brewery in Oslo, Norway *Foss Maritime, a tugboat and shipping company Historic houses * Foss House (New Brighton, Minnesota), United States * Foss and Wells House, Jordan, Minnesota, United States *Horatio G. Foss House, Auburn, Maine, United States People * Foss (surname) *Foss Shanahan (1910–1964), New Zealand diplomat * Foss Westcott (1863–1949), English bishop Places *Foss Dyke, a canal in Lincolnshire, England *Foss-Eikeland, a village in Sandnes, Norway *River Foss, a river in North Yorkshire, England, U.K. United States * Foss, Oklahoma, a town **Foss State Park *Foss, Oregon, an unincorporated community *Foss Glacier, a glacier on Mount Hinman, Washington *Foss Peak, Tatoosh Range, Washington *Foss River, a river in Washington Other uses *Foss (band), an El Paso, Texas-based rock band *Foss (cat), the pet of Edward Lear *Free and open-source software ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Public Infrastructure
Public infrastructure is infrastructure owned or available for use by the public (represented by the government). It is distinguishable from generic or private infrastructure in terms of policy, financing, purpose, etc. Public infrastructure is a general term often qualified specifically as: * Transport infrastructure – vehicles, road, rail, cable and financing of transport ** Aviation infrastructure – air traffic control technology in aviation ** Rail transport – trackage, signals, electrification of rails ** Road transport – roads, bridges, tunnels * Critical infrastructure – assets required to sustain human life * Energy infrastructure – transmission and storage of fossil fuels and renewable sources * Hazardous waste – characteristics, disposal, handling of hazardous waste * Information and communication infrastructure – systems of information storage and distribution * Public capital – government-owned assets * Public works – municipal infrastructure, mai ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Global Public Good
In traditional usage, a global public good (or global good) is a public good available on a more-or-less worldwide basis. There are many challenges to the traditional definition, which have far-reaching implications in the age of globalization. Definition In traditional usage, a pure global public good is a good that has the three following properties:Kaul, Inge, Isabelle Grunberg and Marc A. Stern (eds.) (1999). ''Global public goods: international cooperation in the 21st century''. NY: Oxford University Press, Inc.(PDF available.) * It is non-rivalrous. Consumption of this good by anyone does not reduce the quantity available to other agents. * It is non-excludable. It is impossible to prevent anyone from consuming that good. * It is available more-or-less worldwide. This concept is an extension of American economist Paul Samuelson's classic notion of public goods to the economics of globalization. The traditional theoretical concept of public goods does not distinguish wi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Global Commons
Global commons is a term typically used to describe international, supranational, and global resource domains in which common-pool resources are found. Global commons include the earth's shared natural resources, such as the high oceans, the atmosphere and outer space and the Antarctic in particular. Cyberspace may also meet the definition of a global commons. Definition and usage "Global commons" is a term typically used to describe international, supranational, and global resource domains in which common-pool resources are found. In economics, common goods are rivalrous and non-excludable, constituting one of the four main types of goods. A common-pool resource, also called a common property resource, is a special case of a common good (or public good) whose size or characteristics makes it costly, but not impossible, to exclude potential users. Examples include both natural or human-made resource domains (e.g., a "fishing hole" or an irrigation system). Unlike global public good ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ISPIRT
Indian Software Products Industry Round Table (iSPIRT), is a think tank for the Indian software products industry. History iSPIRT was officially launched on 4 February 2013 though preparatory work has been done over the preceding year. It was founded as an offshoot of NASSCOM. Around June 2017, some key members quit iSPIRT after co-founder Sharad Sharma, who was associated with an emphasis on Aadhaar and India Stack, admitted to online trolling of anti-Aadhaar advocates, leading to dissent and resignations among those concerned with the organisation governance and direction. Activities The think tank claims its aim is to help software product companies with policies, playbooks and market catalysts, describing its three pillars as: # Policy - converting ideas into policy proposals to take to government stakeholders # Playbooks - converting conversations into playbooks for product entrepreneurs # Market Catalysts - converting actions of self-help communities into market cataly ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
UNICEF
UNICEF (), originally called the United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund in full, now officially United Nations Children's Fund, is an agency of the United Nations responsible for providing Humanitarianism, humanitarian and Development aid, developmental aid to children worldwide. The agency is among the most widespread and recognizable social welfare organizations in the world, with a presence in 192 countries and territories. UNICEF's activities include providing immunizations and disease prevention, administering Antiretroviral drug, treatment for children and mothers with HIV, enhancing childhood and maternal nutrition, improving sanitation, promoting education, and providing emergency relief in response to disasters. UNICEF is the successor of the United Nations International Children's Emergency Fund, created on 11 December 1946, in New York, by the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration, U.N. Relief Rehabilitation Administration to provide ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Government Of Sierra Leone
The government of Sierra Leone is the governing authority of the Republic of Sierra Leone, as established by the Sierra Leone Constitution. The Sierra Leone government is divided into three branches: the Executive branch, executive, legislative and the judiciary. The seat of government of Sierra Leone is in the capital Freetown. The government of Sierra Leone takes place in a framework of a presidential representative democratic republic, whereby the President of Sierra Leone is both head of state and head of government, and of a multi-party system. Executive power is exercised by the president. Legislative power is vested in the Parliament of Sierra Leone. The judiciary of Sierra Leone is independent of the executive and the legislature. Civil rights and freedom of religion are respected. A critical press continues to operate, although the government has intervened for alleged inaccurate reporting, using the 1965 Public Order Act which criminalizes libel. Executive , Presiden ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ministry Of Foreign Affairs (Norway)
The Royal Norwegian Ministry of Foreign Affairs ( Norwegian (Bokmål): ''Det kongelige utenriksdepartement''; Norwegian (Nynorsk): ''Det kongelege utanriksdepartement'') is the foreign ministry of the Kingdom of Norway. It was established on June 7, 1905, the same day the Parliament of Norway (Stortinget) decided to dissolve the personal union with Sweden. The ministry is headed by Minister of Foreign Affairs, currently Anniken Huitfeldt, who is a minister in the Støre cabinet that has governed since 14 October 2021. The ministry also has a Minister of International Development. This position was established by the Willoch cabinet in 1983, and existed until October 2013 when it was abolished by the Solberg's Cabinet and the foreign minister became the sole head of the ministry. The position of Minister of International Development was restored on January 17, 2018, when the Liberal party joined the Solberg government. The current Minister of International Development is An ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
United Nations Conference On Trade And Development
The United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) is an intergovernmental organization within the United Nations Secretariat that promotes the interests of developing countries in world trade. It was established in 1964 by the United Nations General Assembly (UNGA) and reports to that body and the United Nations Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC). UNCTAD is composed of 195 member states and works with nongovernmental organizations worldwide; its permanent secretariat is in Geneva, Switzerland. The primary objective of UNCTAD is to formulate policies relating to all aspects of development, including trade, aid, transport, finance and technology. It was created in response to concerns among developing countries that existing international institutions like GATT (now replaced by the World Trade Organization), the International Monetary Fund (IMF), and the World Bank were not properly organized to handle the particular problems of developing countries; UNCTAD wou ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Open Data
Open data is data that is openly accessible, exploitable, editable and shared by anyone for any purpose. Open data is licensed under an open license. The goals of the open data movement are similar to those of other "open(-source)" movements such as open-source software, hardware, open content, open specifications, open education, open educational resources, open government, open knowledge, open access, open science, and the open web. The growth of the open data movement is paralleled by a rise in intellectual property rights. The philosophy behind open data has been long established (for example in the Mertonian tradition of science), but the term "open data" itself is recent, gaining popularity with the rise of the Internet and World Wide Web and, especially, with the launch of open-data government initiatives such as Data.gov, Data.gov.uk and Data.gov.in. Open data can be linked data - referred to as linked open data. One of the most important forms of open data is o ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Commonwealth Of Learning
The Commonwealth of Learning (COL) is an intergovernmental organisation of The Commonwealth headquartered in Metro Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. Working collaboratively with governmental and nongovernmental organizations and other institutions in the Commonwealth, as well as with international development agencies, COL has the mandate to promote the use of open learning and distance education knowledge, resources and technologies. The Board of Governors is chaired by Professor Narend Baijnath, former chief executive officer, Council on Higher Education, South Africa. History COL was founded at the 1987 Commonwealth Heads of Government Meeting (CHOGM) and inaugurated in 1988. Its title is a phrase used by philosopher John Locke to describe the body of knowledge developed over time by scientists and other thinkers, for the benefit of all people. At the time of its founding, COL focused on promoting economic development by providing education and teaching skills. In 2012, ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
