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Debarati Guha-Sapir
Debarati Guha-Sapir (born in Kolkata, India) is an Indian epidemiologist and public health researcher based in Belgium. She is the director of the Université catholique de Louvain Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters. Early life and education Guha-Sapir holds a BA with honors in humanities from the University of Calcutta (1974), a M.S. in epidemiology and biostatistics from Johns Hopkins University (1977) and a Ph.D. in epidemiology and preventive medicine from the Université catholique de Louvain (1991). Career Guha-Sapir has been the director of the Centre for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters since 1992, when founder Michel F. Lechat retired. She previously held a position as an adjunct professor at Tulane University School of Medicine. Her research interests and specialties include climate security, social determinants of health, civil conflict and natural disasters, and child mortality and health. In addition to her academic work, Guha-Sapir w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Social Determinants Of Health
The social determinants of health (SDOH) are the economic and social conditions that influence individual and group differences in health status. They are the health promoting factors found in one's living and working conditions (such as the distribution of income, wealth, influence, and power), rather than individual risk factors (such as behavioral risk factors or genetics) that influence the risk for a disease, or vulnerability to disease or injury. The distributions of social determinants are often shaped by public policies that reflect prevailing political ideologies of the area. The World Health Organization says that "the social determinants can be more important than health care or lifestyle choices in influencing health." and "This unequal distribution of health-damaging experiences is not in any sense a 'natural' phenomenon but is the result of a toxic combination of poor social policies, unfair economic arrangements here the already well-off and healthy become even ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Japan Science And Technology Agency
The Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST; Japanese: 科学技術振興機構) is a Japanese government agency which aims to build infrastructure that supports knowledge creation and dissemination in Japan. It is one of the , overseen by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) and the Council for Science, Technology and Innovation (CSTI). It operates from headquarters in Kawaguchi, Saitama in the Greater Tokyo Area, and in Chiyoda in central Tokyo. The agency formed in 2003, as successor to the Japan Science and Technology Corporation. The corporation had formed in 1996 through the merging of the Japan Information Center of Science and Technology (JICST, est. 1957) and the Research Development Corporation of Japan (JRDC, est. 1961). Among other activities, the agency runs J-STAGE, an "electronic journal platform for science and technology information in Japan," and publishes the ''Journal of Information Processing and Management'' (). As a f ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Blue Planet Prize
The ''' recognises outstanding efforts in scientific research or applications of science that contribute to solving global environmental problems. The prize was created by the Asahi Glass Foundation in 1992, the year of the Rio Earth Summit, and since then the foundation has awarded the prize to two winners every year. In 2012, twenty of the Blue Planet Prize winners collaborated on joint paperthat was launched at the UN Environment Programme's Governing Council meeting in Nairobi on 20 February.Pearce. F. 2012Earth Summit is doomed to fail, say leading ecologists New Scientist website. 10 February 2012. List of laureates * 1992 Dr. Syukuro Manabe and the International Institute for Environment and Development * 1993 Dr Charles D. Keeling and IUCN-The World Conservation Union * 1994 Prof. Dr. Eugen Seibold and Mr. Lester R. Brown * 1995 Mr. Maurice F. Strong and Dr. Bert Bolin * 1996 Dr. Wallace S. Broecker and M.S. Swaminathan Research Foundation * 1997 Dr. James E. Lov ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
World Association For Disaster And Emergency Medicine
The World Association for Disaster and Emergency Medicine (WADEM) is an international organization concerned with disaster medicine. Originally named the Club of Mainz, it was founded on October 2, 1976. It has hosted the World Congress on Disaster and Emergency Medicine every two years since 1979. Additionally, it publishes the peer-reviewed journal ''Prehospital and Disaster Medicine''. The UN describes WADEM as "an international association of the world’s disaster and emergency health experts", while Impact says that WADEM has a commitment "to advance the frontier of disaster and emergency research" by focusing on "the scientific investigation of...emergency response." Disaster Medicine WADEM defines a medical disaster as "a local event where the casualties overwhelm the locally available medical resources," a definition that is much broader than the popular image of a disaster involving large numbers of injuries and deaths. History According to Peter Safar, the idea for w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peter Safar
Peter Safar (12 April 19242 August 2003) was an Austrian anesthesiologist of Czech descent. He is credited with pioneering cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Early life Safar was born in Vienna, Austria, in 1924 into a medical family. His father, Karl, was an ophthalmologist and his mother, Vinca (Landauer), who had a Jewish grandmother, was a pediatrician. He graduated from the University of Vienna in 1948. He married Eva Kyzivat and moved from Vienna to Hartford, Connecticut, in 1949 for surgical training at Yale University. He completed training in anesthesiology at the University of Pennsylvania in 1952. That same year he worked in Lima, Peru, and founded that country's first academic anesthesiology department. In 1954, he became chief of the department of anesthesiology at Baltimore City Hospital. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation Together with James Elam, he rediscovered the initial steps in CPR. These included the head tilt and chin lift maneuver to open the airway of an un ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tarja Halonen
Tarja Kaarina Halonen (; born 24 December 1943) is a Finnish politician who served as the 11th president of Finland, and the first woman to hold the position, from 2000 to 2012. She first rose to prominence as a lawyer with the Central Organisation of Finnish Trade Unions (SAK), and as the Prime Minister's parliamentary secretary (1974–1975) and a member of the City Council of Helsinki (1977–1996). Halonen was a Social Democratic Party member of parliament from 1979 until her election to the presidency in 2000. She also served as a minister at the Ministry of Social Affairs and Health from 1987 to 1990, as Minister of Justice from 1990 to 1991, and as Minister for Foreign Affairs from 1995 to 2000. Halonen was an extremely popular president, with her approval ratings reaching a peak of 88 percent in December 2003. She was re-elected in 2006, defeating National Coalition Party candidate Sauli Niinistö in the second round by 51% to 48%. Ineligible to run in the 2012 president ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
King Baudouin Foundation
The King Baudouin Foundation (KBF) ( nl, Koning Boudewijnstichting, KBS; french: Fondation Roi-Baudouin) is an independent, pluralistic foundation based in Brussels (Belgium). It seeks to change society for the better and invests in inspiring projects and individuals. The Foundation was set up in 1976, on the occasion of the 25th anniversary of King Baudouin's reign and has been under the honorary Presidency of Queen Mathilde since 2015. The Foundation supports projects in Belgium and at the European and international level. To support its international goal, the KBF set up a US public charity and an office in New York City. Since 1999, the KBFUS facilitates philanthropy in the US, Europe and Africa. In 2017, KBFCanada was launched. Organisational structure The King Baudouin Foundation Advisory Council and the Board of Governors determine the key areas of work. The board of governors is chaired by Thomas Leysen. The managing director is Luc Tayart de Borms, who is being suc ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
American University Of Beirut
The American University of Beirut (AUB) ( ar, الجامعة الأميركية في بيروت) is a private, non-sectarian, and independent university chartered in New York with its campus in Beirut, Lebanon. AUB is governed by a private, autonomous board of trustees and offers programs leading to bachelor's, master's, MD, and PhD degrees. AUB has an operating budget of $423 million with an endowment of approximately $768 million. The campus is composed of 64 buildings, including the American University of Beirut Medical Center (AUBMC, formerly known as AUH – American University Hospital) (420 beds), four libraries, three museums and seven dormitories. Almost one-fifth of AUB's students attended secondary school or university outside Lebanon before coming to AUB. AUB graduates reside in more than 120 countries worldwide. The language of instruction is English. Degrees awarded at the university are officially registered with the New York Board of Regents. History On J ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
The Lancet
''The Lancet'' is a weekly peer-reviewed general medical journal and one of the oldest of its kind. It is also the world's highest-impact academic journal. It was founded in England in 1823. The journal publishes original research articles, review articles ("seminars" and "reviews"), editorials, book reviews, correspondence, as well as news features and case reports. ''The Lancet'' has been owned by Elsevier since 1991, and its editor-in-chief since 1995 has been Richard Horton. The journal has editorial offices in London, New York City, and Beijing. History ''The Lancet'' was founded in 1823 by Thomas Wakley, an English surgeon who named it after the surgical instrument called a lancet (scalpel). Members of the Wakley family retained editorship of the journal until 1908. In 1921, ''The Lancet'' was acquired by Hodder & Stoughton. Elsevier acquired ''The Lancet'' from Hodder & Stoughton in 1991. Impact According to the ''Journal Citation Reports'', the journal has a 202 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Child Mortality
Child mortality is the mortality of children under the age of five. The child mortality rate, also under-five mortality rate, refers to the probability of dying between birth and exactly five years of age expressed per 1,000 live births. It encompasses neonatal mortality and infant mortality (the probability of death in the first year of life). Reduction of child mortality is reflected in several of the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals. Target 3.2 is "by 2030, end preventable deaths of newborns and children under 5 years of age, with all countries aiming to reduce … under‑5 mortality to at least as low as 25 per 1,000 live births." Child mortality rates have decreased in the last 40 years. While in 1990, 12.6 million children under age five died, in 2016 that number fell to 5.6 million children, and then in 2020, the global number fell again to 5 million. Rapid progress has resulted in a significant decline in preventable child deaths since 1990, with the glob ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Natural Disasters
A natural disaster is "the negative impact following an actual occurrence of natural hazard in the event that it significantly harms a community". A natural disaster can cause loss of life or damage property, and typically leaves some economic damage in its wake. The severity of the damage depends on the affected population's resilience and on the infrastructure available. Examples of natural hazards include: avalanche, coastal flooding, cold wave, drought, earthquake, hail, heat wave, hurricane (tropical cyclone), ice storm, landslide, lightning, riverine flooding, strong wind, tornado, typhoon, tsunami, volcanic activity, wildfire, winter weather. In modern times, the divide between natural, man-made and man-accelerated disasters is quite difficult to draw. Human choices and activities like architecture, fire, resource management or even climate change potentially play a role in causing "natural disasters". In fact, the term "natural disaster" has been called a misnomer ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Civil Conflict
A civil war or intrastate war is a war between organized groups within the same state (or country). The aim of one side may be to take control of the country or a region, to achieve independence for a region, or to change government policies. James Fearon"Iraq's Civil War" in '' Foreign Affairs'', March/April 2007. For further discussion on civil war classification, see the section "Formal classification". The term is a calque of Latin '' bellum civile'' which was used to refer to the various civil wars of the Roman Republic in the 1st century BC. Most modern civil wars involve intervention by outside powers. According to Patrick M. Regan in his book ''Civil Wars and Foreign Powers'' (2000) about two thirds of the 138 intrastate conflicts between the end of World War II and 2000 saw international intervention, with the United States intervening in 35 of these conflicts. A civil war is a high-intensity conflict, often involving regular armed forces, that is sustained, or ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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