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Data Access Object
In software, a data access object (DAO) is a pattern that provides an abstract interface to some type of database or other persistence mechanism. By mapping application calls to the persistence layer, the DAO provides data operations without exposing database details. This isolation supports the single responsibility principle. It separates the data access the application needs, in terms of domain-specific objects and data types (the DAO's public interface), from how these needs can be satisfied with a specific DBMS (the implementation of the DAO). Although this design pattern is applicable to most programming languages, most software with persistence needs, and most databases, it is traditionally associated with Java EE applications and with relational databases (accessed via the JDBC API because of its origin in Sun Microsystems' best practice guidelines "Core J2EE Patterns". This object can be found in the Data Access layer of the 3-Tier Architecture. There are various ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Multitier Architecture
In software engineering, multitier architecture (often referred to as ''n''-tier architecture) is a client–server architecture in which presentation, application processing and data management functions are physically separated. The most widespread use of multitier architecture is the three-tier architecture (for example, Cisco's Hierarchical internetworking model). ''N''-tier application architecture provides a model by which developers can create flexible and reusable applications. By segregating an application into tiers, developers acquire the option of modifying or adding a specific tier, instead of reworking the entire application. N-tier architecture is a good fit for small and simple applications because of its simplicity and low-cost. Also, it can be a good starting point when architectural requirements are not clear yet. A three-tier architecture is typically composed of a ''presentation'' tier, a ''logic'' tier, and a ''data'' tier. While the concepts of layer an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Software
Software consists of computer programs that instruct the Execution (computing), execution of a computer. Software also includes design documents and specifications. The history of software is closely tied to the development of digital computers in the mid-20th century. Early programs were written in the machine language specific to the hardware. The introduction of high-level programming languages in 1958 allowed for more human-readable instructions, making software development easier and more portable across different computer architectures. Software in a programming language is run through a compiler or Interpreter (computing), interpreter to execution (computing), execute on the architecture's hardware. Over time, software has become complex, owing to developments in Computer network, networking, operating systems, and databases. Software can generally be categorized into two main types: # operating systems, which manage hardware resources and provide services for applicat ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Java Persistence API
Jakarta Persistence, also known as JPA (abbreviated from the former name Java Persistence API) is a Jakarta EE application programming interface specification that describes the management of relational data in enterprise Java applications. Persistence in this context covers three areas: * The API itself, defined in the package ( for Jakarta EE 8 and below) * The Jakarta Persistence Query Language (JPQL; formerly Java Persistence Query Language) * Object/relational metadata History The final release date of the JPA 1.0 specification was 11 May 2006 as part of Java Community Process JSR 220. The JPA 2.0 specification was released 10 December 2009 (the Java EE 6 platform requires JPA 2.0). The JPA 2.1 specification was released 22 April 2013 (the Java EE 7 platform requires JPA 2.1). The JPA 2.2 specification was released in the summer of 2017. The reference implementation for JPA 1 and 2 was EclipseLink. Jakarta Persistence 3.1 was released in the spring of 2022 as part of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Perl
Perl is a high-level, general-purpose, interpreted, dynamic programming language. Though Perl is not officially an acronym, there are various backronyms in use, including "Practical Extraction and Reporting Language". Perl was developed by Larry Wall in 1987 as a general-purpose Unix scripting language to make report processing easier. Since then, it has undergone many changes and revisions. Perl originally was not capitalized and the name was changed to being capitalized by the time Perl 4 was released. The latest release is Perl 5, first released in 1994. From 2000 to October 2019 a sixth version of Perl was in development; the sixth version's name was changed to Raku. Both languages continue to be developed independently by different development teams which liberally borrow ideas from each other. Perl borrows features from other programming languages including C, sh, AWK, and sed. It provides text processing facilities without the arbitrary data-length limits of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Entity Framework
Entity Framework (EF) is an open source object–relational mapping (ORM) framework for ADO.NET. It was originally shipped as an integral part of .NET Framework, however starting with Entity Framework version 6.0 it has been delivered separately from the .NET Framework. Entity Framework 6.4 was the latest release of the classic framework. Although Entity Framework 6 is still supported, it is no longer being developed and will only receive fixes for security issues. A new framework known as Entity Framework Core (EF Core) was introduced in 2016 with similar but not complete feature parity. Version numbering of this framework restarted from 1.0 and the latest version of EF Core is 9.0.4. Overview The Entity Framework is a set of technologies in ADO.NET that supports the development of data-oriented software applications. Architects and developers of data-oriented applications have typically struggled with the need to achieve two very different objectives. They must model the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
ODB (C++)
ODB may refer to: People * Ol' Dirty Bastard (1968–2004), American rapper and founding member of the Wu-Tang Clan * ODB (wrestler) (born 1978), Stage name of American professional wrestler Jessica Kresa * Original David Baker (born 1972), a moniker of American poker player David Baker Computers and technology * .odb file extension for OpenDocument format databases * Object database * ODB++, a CAD-to-CAM data exchange format used in the design and manufacture of electronic devices International relations * Offense–defense balance, a theory concerning the security dilemma Military * Operational Detachment Bravo, otherwise known as 'B Team' or Special Forces Operational Detachment Bravo (SFOD B or SFOD-B), a six-man squad of the Green Berets. Publications * '' Our Daily Bread (devotional)'', Christian devotional booklets produced by Our Daily Bread Ministries * ''Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium The ''Oxford Dictionary of Byzantium'' (ODB) is a three-volume historical ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Abstraction Inversion
In computer programming, abstraction inversion is an anti-pattern arising when users of a construct need functions implemented within it but not exposed by its interface. The result is that the users re-implement the required functions in terms of the interface, which in its turn uses the internal implementation of the same functions. This may result in implementing lower-level features in terms of higher-level ones, thus the term 'abstraction inversion'. Possible ill-effects are: * The user of such a re-implemented function may seriously underestimate its running-costs. * The user of the construct is forced to obscure their implementation with complex mechanical details. * Many users attempt to solve the same problem, increasing the risk of error. Examples Alleged examples from professional programming circles include: * In Ada, choice of the ''rendezvous'' construct as a synchronisation primitive forced programmers to implement simpler constructs such as semaphores on the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Duplicate Code
In computer programming, duplicate code is a sequence of source code that occurs more than once, either within a program or across different programs owned or maintained by the same entity. Duplicate code is generally considered Code smell, undesirable for a number of reasons. A minimum requirement is usually applied to the quantity of code that must appear in a sequence for it to be considered duplicate rather than coincidentally similar. Sequences of duplicate code are sometimes known as code clones or just clones, the automated process of finding duplications in source code is called clone detection. Two code sequences may be duplicates of each other without being character-for-character identical, for example by being character-for-character identical only when white space characters and comments are ignored, or by being token (parser), token-for-token identical, or token-for-token identical with occasional variation. Even code sequences that are only functionally identical may b ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Leaky Abstraction
A leaky abstraction in software development refers to a design flaw where an abstraction, intended to simplify and hide the underlying complexity of a system, fails to completely do so. This results in some of the implementation details becoming exposed or 'leaking' through the abstraction, forcing users to have knowledge of these underlying complexities to effectively use or troubleshoot the system. The concept was popularized by Joel Spolsky, who coined the term Law of Leaky Abstractions which states: This means that even well-designed abstractions may not fully conceal their inner workings, and as computer systems grow more complex, the likelihood of such leaks increases. These leaks can lead to performance issues, unexpected behavior, and increased cognitive load on software developers, who are forced to understand both the abstraction and the underlying details it was meant to hide. This highlights a cause of software defects: the reliance of the software developer on an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Apache OpenJPA
OpenJPA is an open source software, open source implementation of the Java Persistence API specification. It is an object-relational mapping (ORM) solution for the Java (programming language), Java language, which simplifies storing objects in databases. It is open-source software distributed under the Apache License 2.0. History Kodo, a Java Data Objects implementation, was originally developed by SolarMetric, Inc in 2001. BEA Systems acquired SolarMetric in 2005, where Kodo was expanded to be an implementation of both the Java Data Objects, JDO (JSR 12) and Java Persistence API, JPA (JSR 220) specifications. In 2006, BEA donated a large part of the Kodo source code to the Apache Software Foundation under the name OpenJPA. The donated source code will be the core persistence engine of Weblogic, BEA Weblogic Server, IBM WebSphere, and the Apache Geronimo, Geronimo Application Server. In May 2007, OpenJPA graduated from the incubator to a top-level project and also passed Sun's Te ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
IBATIS
iBATIS is a persistence framework which automates the mapping between SQL databases and objects in Java, .NET, and Ruby on Rails. In Java, the objects are POJOs (Plain Old Java Objects). The mappings are decoupled from the application logic by packaging the SQL statements in XML configuration files. The result is a significant reduction in the amount of code that a developer needs to access a relational database using lower level APIs like JDBC and ODBC. Other persistence frameworks such as Hibernate allow the creation of an object model (in Java, say) by the user, and create and maintain the relational database automatically. iBATIS takes the reverse approach: the developer starts with a SQL database and iBATIS automates the creation of the Java objects. Both approaches have advantages, and iBATIS is a good choice when the developer does not have full control over the SQL database schema. For example, an application may need to access an existing SQL database used by other ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Hibernate (Java)
Hibernate ORM (or simply Hibernate) is an object–relational mapping tool for the Java programming language. It provides a framework for mapping an object-oriented domain model to a relational database. Hibernate handles object–relational impedance mismatch problems by replacing direct, persistent database accesses with high-level object handling functions. Hibernate is free software that is distributed under the Apache License. Versions prior to 7.0.0.Beta4 were distributed under the GNU Lesser General Public License 2.1. Hibernate's primary feature is mapping from Java classes to database tables, and mapping from Java data types to SQL data types. Hibernate also provides data query and retrieval facilities. It generates SQL calls and relieves the developer from the manual handling and object conversion of the result set. Mapping The mapping of Java classes to database tables is implemented by the configuration of an XML file or by using Java Annotations. When using an ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
