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DBAG Class 430
The Class 430 EMU is an electric railcar for S-Bahn commuter networks in Germany, jointly developed by Bombardier and Alstom. The first trains went into service in 2012, replacing the Class 420 EMUs of the Stuttgart S-Bahn. Deployment Stuttgart In February 2009 it was announced that the 90 remaining Class 420 EMUs would be replaced by 83 newly developed Class 430 EMUs. This would be the first use of Class 430s in Germany. In May 2009, DB Regio ordered 83 trains, which are expected to be delivered between February and December 2012. DB has an option to order another 83 units. In December 2010, the option was increased from 83 to 166 units for the Rhine-Ruhr S-Bahn (see below). In October 2011, the Transport Committee of the Stuttgart Region decided to order 4 more Class 430s to cover additional services. Rhine-Ruhr In December 2009, the Verkehrsverbund Rhein-Ruhr announced that the Class 430 would be used, with deliveries to be completed by the end of 2012. This wo ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Alstom
Alstom SA is a French multinational rolling stock manufacturer operating worldwide in rail transport markets, active in the fields of passenger transportation, signalling, and locomotives, with products including the AGV, TGV, Eurostar, Avelia and New Pendolino high-speed trains, in addition to suburban, regional and metro trains, and Citadis trams. Alsthom (originally Als-Thom) was formed by a merger between Compagnie Française Thomson-Houston and the electric engineering division of Société Alsacienne de Constructions Mécaniques in 1928. Significant later acquisitions included the Constructions Electriques de France (1932), shipbuilder Chantiers de l'Atlantique (1976), and parts of ACEC (Belgium, late-1980s). A merger with parts of the General Electric Company (UK) formed GEC Alsthom in 1989. Throughout the 1990s, the company expanded its holdings in the rail sector, via the acquisition of German rolling stock manufacturer Linke-Hofmann-Busch and Italian rail signall ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
DB Class 422
The Class 422 is a series of four-car electric multiple units that are a derivative of the DBAG Class 423. The two inner cars in the set are designated as Class 432 vehicles. History The units were commissioned by Deutsche Bahn in 2005. 78 units worth €343 million were built by Bombardier Transportation and Alstom and delivered between March 2008 and October 2010. They are now used in such places as like on the Rhine-Ruhr S-Bahn which operate in cities like Köln and Düsseldorf as well as the Ruhr area. Deutsche Bahn uses the units on the Rhine-Ruhr S-Bahn network, unlike most S-Bahn Networks which use similar DBAG Class 423 The Deutsche Bahn Class 423 EMU is a light-weight articulated electric railcar for S-Bahn commuter networks in Germany. The train has similar dimensions to its predecessor, the Class 420 EMU, but is significantly lighter and has one large passe ... trains. The inner carriages are called Class 432. Following a timetable change in December of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Seats
A seat is a place to sit. The term may encompass additional features, such as back, armrest, head restraint but also headquarters in a wider sense. Types of seat The following are examples of different kinds of seat: * Armchair, a chair equipped with armrests * Airline seat, for passengers in an aircraft * Bar stool, a high stool used in bars and many houses * Bench, a long hard seat * Bicycle seat, a saddle on a bicycle * Car seat, a seat in an automobile * Cathedra, a seat for a bishop located in a cathedral * Chair, a seat with a back * Chaise longue, a soft chair with leg support * Couch, a long soft seat * Ejection seat, rescue seat in an aircraft * Folding seat * Hard seat * Infant car seat, for a small child in a car * Jump seat, auxiliary seat in a vehicle * Pew, a long seat in a church, synagogue, or courtroom * Saddle, a type of seat used on the backs of animals, bicycles, lap etc. * Sliding seat, in a rowing boat * Sofa, alternative name for couch * Stool, a ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Vestibule (architecture)
A vestibule (also anteroom, antechamber, or foyer) is a small room leading into a larger space such as a lobby, entrance hall or passage, for the purpose of waiting, withholding the larger space view, reducing heat loss, providing storage space for outdoor clothing, etc. The term applies to structures in both modern and classical architecture since ancient times. In modern architecture, a vestibule is typically a small room next to the outer door and connecting it with the interior of the building. In ancient Roman architecture, a vestibule ( la, vestibulum) was a partially enclosed area between the interior of the house and the street. Ancient usage Ancient Greece Vestibules were common in ancient Greek temples. Due to the construction techniques available at the time, it was not possible to build large spans. Consequently, many entranceways had two rows of columns that supported the roof and created a distinct space around the entrance. In ancient Greek houses, the prothyru ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Window
A window is an opening in a wall, door, roof, or vehicle that allows the exchange of light and may also allow the passage of sound and sometimes air. Modern windows are usually glazed or covered in some other transparent or translucent material, a sash set in a frame in the opening; the sash and frame are also referred to as a window. Many glazed windows may be opened, to allow ventilation, or closed, to exclude inclement weather. Windows may have a latch or similar mechanism to lock the window shut or to hold it open by various amounts. In addition to this, many modern day windows may have a window screen or mesh, often made of aluminum or fibreglass, to keep bugs out when the window is opened. Types include the eyebrow window, fixed windows, hexagonal windows, single-hung, and double-hung sash windows, horizontal sliding sash windows, casement windows, awning windows, hopper windows, tilt, and slide windows (often door-sized), tilt and turn windows, transom windows, sid ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Pushbutton
''Pushbutton'' was a UK-based digital agency specialising in designing, developing, and delivering interactive television. Pushbutton was acquired by Amazon.com on 28 July 2011 and many of its staff are now members of Amazon Development Centre (London) Ltd. History and origins The company was founded as "Push Button Limited" in 2002 by former executives of BSkyB Sheila Creak, and Paula Byrne and Aly Khalifa (who remains Managing Director). Prior to setting up Pushbutton, Paula Byrne led the team responsible for delivering interactive applications and services on the Open.... interactive television platform, which subsequently evolved into Sky Active after Sky bought out the other partners in the Open.... venture ( BT, Matsushita, and HSBC). In 2004, James Cumberbatch, also ex-BSkyB joined the company as Development Director, and became a co-owner of the company; in the same year the company established a design studio in Brighton. Since then more ex-BSkyB staff have been ad ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Passengers
A passenger (also abbreviated as pax) is a person who travels in a vehicle, but does not bear any responsibility for the tasks required for that vehicle to arrive at its destination or otherwise operate the vehicle, and is not a steward. The vehicles may be bicycles, buses, passenger trains, airliners, ships, ferryboats, and other methods of transportation. Crew members (if any), as well as the driver or pilot of the vehicle, are usually not considered to be passengers. For example, a flight attendant on an airline would not be considered a passenger while on duty and the same with those working in the kitchen or restaurant on board a ship as well as cleaning staff, but an employee riding in a company car being driven by another person would be considered a passenger, even if the car was being driven on company business. Railways In railway parlance, passenger, as well as being the end user of a service, is also a categorisation of the type of rolling stock used.Simmon ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Railroad Engineer
A train driver, engine driver, engineman or locomotive driver, commonly known as an engineer or railroad engineer in the United States and Canada, and also as a locomotive handler, locomotive operator, train operator, or motorman, is a person who drives a train, multiple unit or a locomotive. The driver is in charge of, and is responsible for the mechanical operation of the train, train speed, and all of the train handling (also known as brake handling). In American English, a hostler (also known as a switcher) moves engines around rail yards, but does not take them out on the normal tracks; the British English equivalent is a shunter. Train drivers must follow certain guidelines for driving a train safely. For instance, in general, train drivers are encouraged to favour longer stopping distances as this promotes vehicle health, safety, and passenger comfort. Career progression For many American railroads, the following career progression is typical: assistant conductor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Track Brake
A magnetic track brake (Mg brake) is a brake for rail vehicles. It consists of brake magnets, pole shoes, a suspension, a power transmission and, in the case of mainline railroads, a track rod. When current flows through the magnet coil, the magnet is attracted to the rail, which presses the pole shoes against the rail, thereby decelerating the vehicle. While brakes such as disc brakes or shoe brakes depend on the frictional connection between wheel and rail, the magnetic track brake acts directly on the rail. Therefore, its brake effect is not limited by wheel-rail contact. Thus, environmental factors such as wetness or contamination of the rail have less influence on the brake force. Usage Magnetic track brakes are used on rail vehicles in addition to the primary, wheel-effective brake systems. As an additional brake system, they help to ensure that the prescribed brake distances of rail vehicles can be complied with. Since magnetic track brakes always act unregulated and ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Railway Platform
A railway platform is an area alongside a railway track providing convenient access to trains. Almost all stations have some form of platform, with larger stations having multiple platforms. The world's longest station platform is at Hubbali Junction in India at .Gorakhpur gets world's largest railway platform ''The Times of India'' The in the United States, at the other extreme, has a platform which is only long enough for a single bench. Among some United States train conductors the word "platform" has entered [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Crashworthiness
Crashworthiness is the ability of a structure to protect its occupants during an impact. This is commonly tested when investigating the safety of aircraft and vehicles. Depending on the nature of the impact and the vehicle involved, different criteria are used to determine the crashworthiness of the structure. Crashworthiness may be assessed either prospectively, using computer models (e.g., LS-DYNA, PAM-CRASH, MSC Dytran, MADYMO) or experiments, or retrospectively by analyzing crash outcomes. Several criteria are used to assess crashworthiness prospectively, including the deformation patterns of the vehicle structure, the acceleration experienced by the vehicle during an impact, and the probability of injury predicted by human body models. Injury probability is defined using criteria, which are mechanical parameters (e.g., force, acceleration, or deformation) that correlate with injury risk. A common injury criterion is the head impact criterion (HIC). Crashworthiness is asse ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
EN 15227
EN 15227 is a European standard about the crashworthiness requirements for railway vehicle bodies. It was first resolved in 2008 and it is binding since 2012 for all new vehicles in the European Union. The required energy absorption modules had major impacts on the headshape design of locomotives and passenger rolling stock. The specification is accompanied by EN 12663 (''Structural requirements of railway vehicle bodies)'' that was updated in 2008 to meet the EN 15227 scenarios. Scenarios The main definitions of EN 15277 look at a number of crash scenarios: * head impact of similar vehicles at a speed of * impact on a freight wagon of at a speed of * impact on a lorry at a grade crossing at a speed of * impact on a smaller object like a car at a grade crossing. For each scenario and train class there are minimum requirements on the remaining space in the driver cabin after the crash. Due to the expensive equipment there are no full body crash tests in railway applica ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
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