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Durinskia Baltica
''Durinskia'' is a genus of dinoflagellate that can be found in freshwater and marine environments. This genus was created to accommodate its type species, ''Durinskia baltica'', after major classification discrepancies were found. While ''Durinskia'' species appear to be typical dinoflagellates that are armored with cellulose plates called theca, the presence of a pennate diatom-derived tertiary endosymbiont is their most defining characteristic. This genus is significant to the study of endosymbiotic events and organelle integration since structures and organelle genomes in the tertiary plastids are not reduced. Like some dinoflagellates, species in ''Durinskia'' may cause blooms. Etymology The genus ''Durinskia'' was named in honor of Rose Durinski by Carty and Cox in 1986. History The representative species of ''Durinskia'' is ''Durinskia baltica'', which was also the impetus for the genus’ creation in 1986. ''Durinskia baltica'' was originally described as a brackish w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Eukaryota
Eukaryotes () are organisms whose Cell (biology), cells have a cell nucleus, nucleus. All animals, plants, fungi, and many unicellular organisms, are Eukaryotes. They belong to the group of organisms Eukaryota or Eukarya, which is one of the Three-domain system, three domains of life. Bacteria and Archaea (both prokaryotes) make up the other two domains. The eukaryotes are usually now regarded as having emerged in the Archaea or as a sister of the Asgard (archaea), Asgard archaea. This implies that there are only Two-domain system, two domains of life, Bacteria and Archaea, with eukaryotes incorporated among archaea. Eukaryotes represent a small minority of the number of organisms, but, due to their generally much larger size, their collective global biomass (ecology), biomass is estimated to be about equal to that of prokaryotes. Eukaryotes emerged approximately 2.3–1.8 billion years ago, during the Proterozoic eon, likely as Flagellated cell, flagellated phagotrophs. The ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
SAR Supergroup
The SAR supergroup, also just SAR or Harosa, is a clade that includes stramenopiles (heterokonts), alveolates, and Rhizaria. The name is an acronym derived from the first letters of each of these clades; it has been alternatively spelled "RAS". The term "Harosa" (at the subkingdom level) has also been used. The SAR supergroup is a node-based taxon. Note that as a formal taxon, "Sar" has only its first letter capitalized, while the earlier abbreviation, SAR, retains all uppercase letters. Both names refer to the same group of organisms, unless further taxonomic revisions deem otherwise. Members of the SAR supergroup were once included under the separate supergroups Chromalveolata (Chromista and Alveolata) and Rhizaria, until phylogenetic studies confirmed that stramenopiles and alveolates diverged with Rhizaria. This apparently excluded haptophytes and cryptomonads, leading Okamoto ''et al.'' (2009) to propose the clade Hacrobia to accommodate them. Phylogeny Based on a compi ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dinokaryota
Dinokaryota is a main grouping of dinoflagellates. They include all species where the nucleus remains a dinokaryon throughout the entire cell cycle, which is typically dominated by the haploid stage. All the "typical" dinoflagellates, such as '' Peridinium'' and ''Gymnodinium'', belong here. Others are more unusual, including some that are colonial, amoeboid, or parasitic. ''Symbiodinium'' contains the symbiotic zooxanthellae. The non-photosynthetic members are believed to derive from photosynthetic ancestors. Classification Dinoflagellates are classified by morphology. With a theca Species with a theca are divided into four orders, based on the arrangement of the armor plates: * Dinophysiales - e.g. ''Dinophysis'' * Gonyaulacales - e.g. ''Ceratium'', '' Gonyaulax'' * Peridiniales - e.g. '' Peridinium'' * Prorocentrales - e.g. ''Prorocentrum'' The Peridiniales are probably paraphyletic to the others, and on rRNA trees they are mixed with the species that lack thecae. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dinophyceae
Dinophyceae is a class of dinoflagellates. Taxonomy * Class Dinophyceae Pascher 1914 eridinea Ehrenberg 1830 stat. nov. Wettstein; Blastodiniphyceae Fensome et al. 1993 orthog. emend.** Order Haplozoonales aplozooidea Poche 1913*** Family Haplozoonaceae Chatton 1920 ** Order Akashiwales *** Family Akashiwaceae ** Order Blastodiniales Chatton 1906 lastodinida Chatton 1906*** Family Blastodiniaceae Cavers 1913 ** Order Apodiniales *** Family Apodiniaceae Chatton 1920 ** Order Dinotrichales Pascher 1914 *** Family Crypthecodiniaceae Biecheler 1938 ex Chatton 1952 *** Family Dinotrichaceae Pascher 1914 ** Order Phytodiniales T. Christ. 1962 ex Loeblich 1970 inococcales Pascher 1914; Suessiales Fensome & al. 1993; Dinamoebales *** Family † Suessiaceae Fensome et al. 1993 *** Family Phytodiniaceae Klebs 1912 inococcaceae Fott 1960; Hemidiniaceae Bourrelly 1970; Borghiellaceae Moestrup, Lindberg & Daugbjerg 2009*** Family Symbiodiniaceae Fensome & al. 1993 ooxant ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peridiniales
Peridiniales is an order of dinoflagellates. Below is a uncritical list of the families in Peridinales, but molecular phylogenetics circumscribe the group in a stricter sense.Žerdoner Čalasan A, J Kretschmann & M Gottschling (2019): ''They are young, and they are many: Dating freshwater lineages in unicellular dinophytes.'' Environ Microbiol 21: 4125–4135. * Amphilothaceae, * Archaeosphaerodiniopsidaceae, * Blastodiniaceae, * Calciodinellaceae, * Ceratiaceae, * Cladopyxidaceae, * Coccidinaceae, * Crypthecodiniaceae, * Dinosphaeraceae, * Endodiniaceae, * Glenodiniaceae, * Glenodiniopsidaceae, * Gonyaulacaceae, * Haplozoonaceae, * Heterodiniaceae, * Heterocapsaceae syn. Heterocapsineae * Heterodiniaceae, * Kolkwitziellaceae, * Kryptoperidiniaceae, * Oodiniaceae, * Oxytoxaceae, * Paradiniaceae, * Peridiniaceae, * Podolampaceae, * Podolampadaceae, * Polykrikaceae The Polykrikaceae (also known as Polykrikidae) are a family of athecate dinoflagellates of ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Kryptoperidiniaceae
Kryptoperidiniaceae is a family of dinoflagellates belonging to the order Peridiniales. Genera: * '' Blixaea'' Gottschling * ''Durinskia ''Durinskia'' is a genus of dinoflagellate that can be found in freshwater and marine environments. This genus was created to accommodate its type species, ''Durinskia baltica'', after major classification discrepancies were found. While ''Durins ...'' S.Carty & E.R.Cox * '' Unruhdinium'' Gottschling References {{Taxonbar, from=Q107093176 Dinophyceae Dinoflagellate families ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Dinoflagellate
The dinoflagellates (Greek δῖνος ''dinos'' "whirling" and Latin ''flagellum'' "whip, scourge") are a monophyletic group of single-celled eukaryotes constituting the phylum Dinoflagellata and are usually considered algae. Dinoflagellates are mostly marine plankton, but they also are common in freshwater habitats. Their populations vary with sea surface temperature, salinity, and depth. Many dinoflagellates are photosynthetic, but a large fraction of these are in fact mixotrophic, combining photosynthesis with ingestion of prey (phagotrophy and myzocytosis). In terms of number of species, dinoflagellates are one of the largest groups of marine eukaryotes, although substantially smaller than diatoms. Some species are endosymbionts of marine animals and play an important part in the biology of coral reefs. Other dinoflagellates are unpigmented predators on other protozoa, and a few forms are parasitic (for example, ''Oodinium'' and ''Pfiesteria''). Some dinoflagellates pro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Type Species
In zoological nomenclature, a type species (''species typica'') is the species name with which the name of a genus or subgenus is considered to be permanently taxonomically associated, i.e., the species that contains the biological type specimen(s). Article 67.1 A similar concept is used for suprageneric groups and called a type genus. In botanical nomenclature, these terms have no formal standing under the code of nomenclature, but are sometimes borrowed from zoological nomenclature. In botany, the type of a genus name is a specimen (or, rarely, an illustration) which is also the type of a species name. The species name that has that type can also be referred to as the type of the genus name. Names of genus and family ranks, the various subdivisions of those ranks, and some higher-rank names based on genus names, have such types. [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Theca
In biology, a theca (plural thecae) is a sheath or a covering. Botany In botany, the theca is related to plant's flower anatomy. The theca of an angiosperm consists of a pair of microsporangia that are adjacent to each other and share a common area of dehiscence called the stomium. Larry Hufford, "The origin and early evolution of angiosperm stamens" i''The Anther: form, function, and phylogeny'' William G. D'Arcy and Richard C. Keating (editors), Cambridge University Press, 1996, 351pp, p.60, (from Google Books) Any part of a microsporophyll that bears microsporangia is called an anther. Most anthers are formed on the apex of a filament. An anther and its filament together form a typical (or filantherous) stamen, part of the male floral organ. The typical anther is bilocular, i.e. it consists of two thecae. Each theca contains two microsporangia, also known as pollen sacs. The microsporangia produce the microspores, which for seed plants are known as pollen grains. If t ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Peridinin
Peridinin is a light-harvesting apocarotenoid, a pigment associated with chlorophyll and found in the peridinin-chlorophyll-protein (PCP) light-harvesting complex in dinoflagellates, best studied in ''Amphidinium carterae''. Biological significance Peridinin is an apocarotenoid pigment that some organisms use in photosynthesis. Many photosynthetic dinoflagellates use peridinin, which absorbs blue-green light in the 470-550nm range, outside the range accessible to chlorophyll molecules. The peridinin-chlorophyll-protein complex is a specialized molecular complex consisting of a boat-shaped protein molecule with a large central cavity that contains peridinin, chlorophyll, and lipid molecules, usually in a 4:1 ratio of peridinin to chlorophyll. Spectral characteristics * Absorption maximum: 483 nm * Emission maximum: 676 nm * Extinction coefficient (ε): 1.96 x 106 M−1cm−1 * A483/A280 ≥ 4.6 Applications Peridinin chlorophyll (PerCP) is commonly used in immunoassa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Durinskia Capensis
''Durinskia'' is a genus of dinoflagellate that can be found in freshwater and marine environments. This genus was created to accommodate its type species, ''Durinskia baltica'', after major classification discrepancies were found. While ''Durinskia'' species appear to be typical dinoflagellates that are armored with cellulose plates called theca, the presence of a pennate diatom-derived tertiary endosymbiont is their most defining characteristic. This genus is significant to the study of endosymbiotic events and organelle integration since structures and organelle genomes in the tertiary plastids are not reduced. Like some dinoflagellates, species in ''Durinskia'' may cause blooms. Etymology The genus ''Durinskia'' was named in honor of Rose Durinski by Carty and Cox in 1986. History The representative species of ''Durinskia'' is ''Durinskia baltica'', which was also the impetus for the genus’ creation in 1986. ''Durinskia baltica'' was originally described as a brackish w ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
_(2).jpg "Click for more on -> Type Species")
