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Duke Xiao Of Jin
Duke Huan of Jin () was from 388 to 369 BC the titular ruler of the State of Jin during the beginning of the Warring States period of ancient China. His ancestral name was Ji, given name Qi, and Duke Huan was his posthumous title recorded in the ''Bamboo Annals'','' Annals of Wei'', ''Bamboo Annals''. while the '' Records of the Grand Historian'' refers to him as Duke Xiao of Jin (晉孝公). Final ruler of Jin Duke Huan succeeded his father, Duke Lie of Jin, who died in 389 BC. By then the once powerful state of Jin had been existing in name only, as virtually all of its territory had been partitioned into the states of Han, Zhao, and Wei, founded by the aristocratic clans of Jin. The ''Bamboo Annals'' mentions that in the 20th year of Duke Huan's reign (369 BC), Marquess Cheng of Zhao and Marquess Gong of Han moved Duke Huan to Tunliu, and after that there were no more records of Duke Huan or any other Jin ruler. Modern historians such as Yang Kuan, Ch'ien Mu, and Han ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Jin (Chinese State)
Jin (, Old Chinese: ''*''), originally known as Tang (唐), was a major state during the middle part of the Zhou dynasty, based near the centre of what was then China, on the lands attributed to the legendary Xia dynasty: the southern part of modern Shanxi. Although it grew in power during the Spring and Autumn period, its aristocratic structure saw it break apart when the duke lost power to his nobles. In 403BC, Jin was split into three successor states: Han, Zhao and Wei. The Partition of Jin marks the end of the Spring and Autumn Period and the beginning of the Warring States period. Geography Jin was located in the lower Fen River drainage basin on the Shanxi plateau. To the north were the Xirong and Beidi peoples. To the west were the Lüliang Mountains and then the Loess Plateau of northern Shaanxi. To the southwest the Fen River turns west to join the south-flowing part of the Yellow River which soon leads to the Guanzhong, an area of the Wei River Valley that wa ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Wei (state)
Wei (; ; Old Chinese: *') was one of the seven major states during the Warring States period of ancient China. It was created from the three-way Partition of Jin, together with Han and Zhao. Its territory lay between the states of Qin and Qi and included parts of modern-day Henan, Hebei, Shanxi, and Shandong. After its capital was moved from Anyi to Daliang (present-day Kaifeng) during the reign of King Hui, Wei was also called Liang (). History Foundation Surviving sources trace the ruling house of Wei to the Zhou royalty: Gao, Duke of Bi (), was a son of King Wen of Zhou. His descendants took their surname, Bi, from his fief. After the destruction of Bi, Bi Wan () escaped to Jin, where he became a courtier of Duke Xian's, accompanying his personal carriage. After a successful military expedition, Bi Wan was granted Wei, from which his own descendants then founded the house of Wei. Spring and Autumn period Jin's political structure was drastically changed after the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zhou Dynasty
The Zhou dynasty ( ; Old Chinese ( B&S): *''tiw'') was a royal dynasty of China that followed the Shang dynasty. Having lasted 789 years, the Zhou dynasty was the longest dynastic regime in Chinese history. The military control of China by the royal house, surnamed Ji, lasted initially from 1046 until 771 BC for a period known as the Western Zhou, and the political sphere of influence it created continued well into the Eastern Zhou period for another 500 years. The establishment date of 1046 BC is supported by the Xia–Shang–Zhou Chronology Project and David Pankenier, but David Nivison and Edward L. Shaughnessy date the establishment to 1045 BC. During the Zhou dynasty, centralized power decreased throughout the Spring and Autumn period until the Warring States period in the last two centuries of the dynasty. In the latter period, the Zhou court had little control over its constituent states that were at war with each other until the Qin state consolidated power and forme ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
State Of Wei
Wei (; ; Old Chinese: *') was one of the seven major states during the Warring States period of ancient China. It was created from the three-way Partition of Jin, together with Han and Zhao. Its territory lay between the states of Qin and Qi and included parts of modern-day Henan, Hebei, Shanxi, and Shandong. After its capital was moved from Anyi to Daliang (present-day Kaifeng) during the reign of King Hui, Wei was also called Liang (). History Foundation Surviving sources trace the ruling house of Wei to the Zhou royalty: Gao, Duke of Bi (), was a son of King Wen of Zhou. His descendants took their surname, Bi, from his fief. After the destruction of Bi, Bi Wan () escaped to Jin, where he became a courtier of Duke Xian's, accompanying his personal carriage. After a successful military expedition, Bi Wan was granted Wei, from which his own descendants then founded the house of Wei. Spring and Autumn period Jin's political structure was drastically changed after the ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
King Xiang Of Wei
King Xiang of Wei () (died 296 BC), personal name Wei Si (), was king of Wei from 318 BC to 296 BC. He was the son of King Hui of Wei. In 318 BC, at the suggestion of the Wei minister, Gongsun Yan, he entered into an alliance against Qin created by King Huai of Chu which also included the states of Zhao, Han and Yan. Chu then betrayed this alliance. In 317 BC, at the suggestion of chancellor Zhang Yi, King Xiang entered into an alliance with Qin. To punish Chu for its betrayal of the 5-state alliance, King Xiang sent an army in 312 BC to attack the city of Dengcheng in Chu (modern-day part of Shangshui County, Zhoukou, Henan Province). Wei itself was attacked by Qi in 310 BC, and King Xiang met King Wu of Qin at Linjin (modern day part of Linyi County, Yuncheng, Shanxi Province). In 308 BC, the two kings met again at Yingcheng (modern-day part of Xiaogan, Hubei) to plan an attack on Han. In 306 BC, after the death of King Wu of Qin, the alliance with Qin broke down, and Q ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Duke Jing Of Jin (Jujiu)
Duke Jing of Jin () was according to Sima Qian's ''Records of the Grand Historian'' (''Shiji'') the last ruler of the Jin (Chinese state), State of Jin during the early Warring States period of ancient China. His given name was Jùjiǔ (), and he supposedly succeeded his father Duke Xiao of Jin but reigned for only two years before being overthrown by the states of Han (state), Han, Zhao (state), Zhao, and Wei (state), Wei that were founded by former aristocratic clans of Jin. However, ''Shiji's'' account of the last rulers of Jin is often self-contradictory, and is further contradicted by the ''Bamboo Annals'', which does not mention any Jin ruler after Duke Huan of Jin (probably the same person as the Duke Xiao of ''Shiji'').'':zh:s:古本竹書紀年/魏紀, Annals of Wei'', ''Bamboo Annals''. Historians such as Yang Kuan, Ch'ien Mu, and Han Zhaoqi generally regard the ''Bamboo Annals'' as more reliable, since it was unearthed from the tomb of King Xiang of Wei, King Xiang (d ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Ch'ien Mu
Ch'ien Mu or Qian Mu (; 30 July 1895 – 30 August 1990) was a Chinese historian, philosopher and writer. He is considered to be one of the greatest historians and philosophers of 20th-century China. Ch'ien, together with Lü Simian, Chen Yinke and Chen Yuan, was known as the "Four Greatest Historians" of Modern China (現代四大史學家). Life Early life: Jiangsu, Beijing Ch'ien Mu was from the prestigious Qian (Ch'ien) family in Wuxi. His ancestor was said to be Qian Liu (852–932), founder of the Wuyue Kingdom (907–978) during the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms period. He was born in Qifang Qiao Village (七房橋; "Seven Mansions Bridge Village"), in Wuxi, Jiangsu Province. His biographer Jerry Dennerlien described his childhood world as the "small peasant cosmos" of rituals, festivals, and beliefs held the family system together. He received little formal education, but gained his knowledge on Chinese history and culture through traditional family school educatio ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Yang Kuan
Yang Kuan (1914 − September 1, 2005) was a Chinese historian specializing in pre-Qin Dynasty Chinese history. He is considered an authority of the Warring States period, and his ''History of the Warring States'', first published in 1955, remains the most authoritative treatment of the subject. Early life and education Yang Kuan was born in Qingpu County, Jiangsu Province (now Qingpu District of Shanghai) in 1914. He attended the prestigious Suzhou High School, whose teachers included famous scholars Lü Shuxiang and Ch'ien Mu, one of the greatest historians of modern China. After high school Yang attended Kwang Hua University in Shanghai − a predecessor of today's East China Normal University − and graduated in 1936 with a degree in Chinese. At Kwang Hua he also studied history under the prominent historian Lü Simian. Doubting Antiquity School Yang Kuan gained fame at a young age. In 1933, aged 19, he published his first essay ''Probing the Legend of Pangu''. In 193 ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Tunliu
Tunliu () is a district of the city of Changzhi, Shanxi province, China. Lord Chang'an, Chengjiao, brother of Qin Shi Huang Qin Shi Huang (, ; 259–210 BC) was the founder of the Qin dynasty and the first emperor of a unified China. Rather than maintain the title of "king" ( ''wáng'') borne by the previous Shang and Zhou rulers, he ruled as the First Emperor ( ..., died here. Climate References www.xzqh.org County-level divisions of Shanxi Changzhi {{Shanxi-geo-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marquess Gong Of Han
Marquess Gong of Han () (died 363 BC), ancestral name Jì (姬), clan name Hán (韩), personal name Ruòshān (若山), was the ruler of the State of Han Han (, Old Chinese: ''*'') was an ancient Chinese state during the Warring States period of ancient China. It is conventionally romanized by scholars as Hann to distinguish it from the later Han dynasty (). It was located in central China ... between 374 BC and until his death in 363 BC. He was the son of Marquess Ai of Han. After Marquess Ai of Han was killed, the nobles supported Ruoshan, the son of Ai, to be the next ruler of Han. After Ai died due to illness in 363 BC, the succession then passed to Marquess Xi, son of Ai. References 360s BC deaths Zhou dynasty nobility Monarchs of Han (state) Year of birth unknown {{China-bio-stub ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Marquess Cheng Of Zhao
Marquess Cheng of Zhao (?–350 BCE) was a ruler of the State of Zhao during the Warring States Period of Chinese history (475–220 BCE). Born Zhào Zhòng (), he was the son of Marquess Jing of Zhao. In 372 BCE, Marquess Cheng of Zhao built a wooden lookout tower or “tantai” () at Xingdi, in modern-day Xingtai City, Hebei Province facing the other Warring States; because of the structure, the location later took on the name “Xingtai”. General Pang Juan of Wei brought troops and surrounded Handan, the capital of Zhao in 353 BCE in preparation for an attack. The State of Qi sent envoys Tian Ji and Sun Bin along with troops to assist Zhao and they later defeated the forces of Wei at the Battle of Guiling. Afterwards, in the twenty-fourth year of his reign (351 BCE), Marquess Cheng of Zhao forced King Hui of Wei Wei or WEI may refer to: States * Wey (state) (衛, 1040–209 BC), Wei in pinyin, but spelled Wey to distinguish from the bigger Wei of the Warring States * We ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Zhao (state)
Zhao () was one of the seven major states during the Warring States period of ancient China. It was created from the three-way Partition of Jin, together with Han and Wei, in the 5th century BC. Zhao gained significant strength from the military reforms initiated during King Wuling's reign, but suffered a crushing defeat at the hands of Qin at the Battle of Changping. Its territory included areas now in modern Inner Mongolia, Hebei, Shanxi and Shaanxi provinces. It bordered the states of Qin, Wei and Yan and various nomadic peoples, including the Hu and Xiongnu. Its capital was Handan, in modern Hebei Province. Zhao was home to administrative philosopher Shen Dao, sophist Gongsun Long and the Confucian Xun Kuang. Origins and ascendancy The Zhao clan within Jin had accumulated power for centuries, including annexing the Baidi state of Dai for themselves during the mid-5th centuryBC. At the end of the Spring and Autumn Period, Jin was divided up between three powe ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
